Week 04.pdf

MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY PREPARED BY: RIMA G. LAGOC  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM LEARNING OBJECTIVES On completion of this unit, you will be able to: ▪ Use...

MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY PREPARED BY: RIMA G. LAGOC  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM LEARNING OBJECTIVES On completion of this unit, you will be able to: ▪ Use GUI and command-line management interfaces to configure an operating system. ▪ Explain the importance of access control features and configure user accounts.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM MANAGEMENT INTERFACES ▪ A graphical or command-line tool used to perform some aspect of system configuration. ▪ A number of administrative tools are used to manage Windows: ❖Control Panel/Windows Settings ❖Management Consoles  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM REGISTRY EDITOR (REGEDIT) ▪ When you change a setting via a management interface, you are usually changing something stored in the Windows Registry configuration database. ▪ The Registry Editor is a means of directly editing this database. ▪ A graphical tool in the Microsoft Windows operating system (OS) that enables authorized users to view the Windows registry and make changes. ▪ Editing your computer's registry can cause serious errors on your computer.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND PROMPT/POWERSHELL ▪ Settings can also be changed by typing native Windows commands or the PowerShell scripting language. ▪ The input field in a text-based user interface screen for an operating system (OS) or program. ▪ The prompt is designed to elicit an action.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM PROCESS & SERVICE MANAGEMENT ▪ A fundamental aspect of operating systems (OS) that involves creating, scheduling, and terminating processes. PROCESS ▪ Essentially a program in execution, comprises the program code, its current activity represented by the program counter, and a set of resources allocated by the OS.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM TASK MANAGER ▪ Allows the user to shut down processes that are not responding. ▪ An ordinary user can end unresponsive applications, but administrative rights are required to end processes that were started by the system rather than the signed in user. ▪ This protects the system as things like malware cannot disable anti-virus software. ▪ In addition to this functionality, it can be used to monitor the PC's key resources.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM SERVICE MANAGEMENT ▪ A Windows process that does not require any sort of user interaction and thus runs in the background (without a window). Services provide functionality for many parts of the Windows OS, such as allowing sign in, browsing the network, or indexing file details to optimize searches. ▪ Services may be installed by Windows and by other applications, such as anti-virus, database, or backup software.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM TASK SCHEDULER ▪ Sets tasks to run at a particular time. ▪ Tasks can be run once at a future date or time or according to a recurring schedule. ▪ A task can be a simple application process including switches or a batch file or script. ▪ It can be accessed via its own console and can also be found in the Computer Management console.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM MEMORY DISK MANAGEMENT ▪ As the CPU only has a limited amount of storage space in which to store instructions, it has to work with other storage components. ▪ The two main types: ❖System memory ❖Mass storage  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM SYSTEM MEMORY ▪ This type of memory is volatile, meaning that it is only preserved while the system is powered up. ▪ System memory is provided by Random Access Memory (RAM) modules.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM MASS STORAGE ▪ To preserve data when the system is turned off, it is written as files to a mass storage device. ▪ Every PC comes with at least one such fixed disk. The fixed disk will either be a hard disk or a Solid- State Drive (SSD). ▪ Refers to various techniques and devices for storing large amounts of data.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM MEMORY MANAGEMENT ▪ When a process executes, it takes up space in system memory. If the system runs out of memory, then processes will be unable to start, and running processes may crash because they cannot load the data they need.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM VIRTUAL MEMORY/PAGEFILE ▪ There are situations where the OS loads more data than can fit within the amount of system memory modules installed. ▪ The OS can use the fixed disk to supplement RAM by paging it to the disk. ▪ The PageFile is usually user configurable (in Windows via the Advanced system settings link in the System control panel applet), but in most circumstances you would leave the OS to manage it.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM DISK MANAGEMENT ▪ Windows provides a GUI Disk Management tool to format mass storage devices (disks and USB drives) and manage partitions. ▪ Partitions allow a single disk to be divided into multiple different logical areas, each of which can be accessed via the OS as a separate drive. ▪ A disk must have at least one partition for the OS to use it. ▪ Also, each partition must be formatted with a file system so that the OS can read and write files to the drive.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND LINE INTERFACE [CLI] ▪ Shell represents an alternative means of configuring an OS or application. ▪ Some operating systems only present a CLI and have no GUI. ▪ A CLI displays a prompt, showing that it is ready to accept a command. ▪ When you type the command plus any switches and press ENTER, the shell executes the command, displays any output associated with the execution, and then returns to the prompt.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM ACCESS CONTROL & PROTECTION ▪ Access control means that a computing device or any information stored on the device can only be used by an authorized person, such as its owner. ▪ Access control on workstation operating systems is usually enforced by the concept of user accounts. ▪ Each user of the device is allocated an account and uses a password (or other credential) to authenticate to that account. ▪ The OS can restrict the privileges allocated to an account so that it is not able to reconfigure settings or access certain data areas.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR ACCOUNT ▪ When the OS is first installed, the account created or used during setup is a powerful local administrator account. ▪ The account is assigned membership of the local Administrators group. ▪ Generally speaking, you should only use this account to manage the computer install applications and devices, perform troubleshooting, and so on.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM STANDARD USER ▪ The additional ordinary user accounts for day-to-day access to the computer. ▪ Standard users cannot change the system configuration and are restricted to saving data files within their own user profile folder or the Public profile.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM STANDARD USER ▪ The additional ordinary user accounts for day-to-day access to the computer. ▪ Standard users cannot change the system configuration and are restricted to saving data files within their own user profile folder or the Public profile.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM POWERSHELL ▪ A cross-platform CLI tool that replaced the Command Prompt (CMD) in Windows as of Windows 10. COMMAND PROMPT ▪ Remains an option within the operating system, PowerShell aims to improve the CLI experience in Windows by introducing improved scripting support and pipelines.  MANAGING AN OPERATING SYSTEM BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY PREPARED BY: RIMA G. LAGOC