Week 03 - 2024 Construction Contracts (Part 1) PDF

AREN/CE 3311 Construction Engineering Ch04 Construction Contracts – Part 1 Week 03 2024.09.04 (Wednesday) Instructor: Zhe Yin (Yin) 2 The Construction Contract This chapter introduces you to: the various documents included in the contract,...

AREN/CE 3311 Construction Engineering Ch04 Construction Contracts – Part 1 Week 03 2024.09.04 (Wednesday) Instructor: Zhe Yin (Yin) 2 The Construction Contract This chapter introduces you to: the various documents included in the contract, how the contract impacts the construction, the standard protocols used when preparing the contract documents, and the various types of contracts used for construction 3 What is a Construction Contract? An agreement between the owner and contractor and is enforceable by law. Contractor is to perform a service for some consideration or payment. The contract is comprised of many documents. The plans and specs are often referred to as the contract documents and the contractor must deliver the project in accordance with them. 4 Contract Documents The construction drawings, conditions, terms, and specifications setting forth the requirements for constructing the project. 5 The Drawings The drawings are a graphical set of directives prepared by the expressing the wishes and desires of the owner. The most important communication tool used to convey the work. 6 Drawing Production Historically, drawings have been called blueprints. Blueprints were created through a process which reproduced hand- drafted drawings by printing white lines on blue paper. Today, models have been reintroduced to supplement drawings using 3D and 4D (4D includes time/schedule) computer modeling. 7 Drawing Size Sets of drawings vary in size from a 3-4 sheets for a small house to well over 100 sheets for large, magnificent structures. Note: A single drawing sheet is typically 24” x 36” to 36” x 48” but can be even larger; handling large sets of drawings can be very difficult. 8 Organization of the Drawings A/E is in charge of creating the drawings, but he does not work alone. Sub-consultants are hired to produce civil, mechanical, electrical, and structural plans. Drawing sets are therefore broken down into sections that contain each discipline's drawings: Cover sheet Civil drawings Architectural drawings Structural drawings Mechanical drawings Electrical drawings 9 Cover Sheet The cover sheet usually will provide general information about the project: Owner will be noted Geographical location Sheet index Etc. 10 11 Civil Drawings These drawings are usually prepared by a civil engineer and describes all worked associated with the site. Site work includes such things as grading, demolition, excavation, site utilities, streets, curbs, and gutters and their details. Civil drawings are typically numbered C1, C2, C3, and so on. 12 Civil Drawings 13 Architectural Drawings Prepared by the architect and constitute bulk of the set. Describe overall aesthetics of the facility, including project size, shape and appearance. Detailed information regarding dimensions, materials, and quality are graphically depicted in this section. Comprised of floor plans, exterior elevations, and sections; door, window and finish schedules and architectural details also included. Numbered A1, A2, A3, etc. 14 15 Structural Drawings Prepared by a structural engineer. Identify major components making up the structural frame, such as columns, beams, and girders. Numbered S1, S2, S3, etc. 16 17 Mechanical Drawings Prepared by a mechanical engineer. Two major components: Plumbing: Plumbing drawings describe the installation of water, sewer, and gas lines. Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC): HVAC drawings describe the installation of ductwork, air handling units, compressors, and other climate control equipment. Fire protection can also be included in the mechanical drawings. Numbered M1, M2, M3, etc. 18 Electrical Drawings Prepared by an electrical engineer. Includes all rough wiring, transformers, and panel boxes, as well as receptacles, switches and lighting fixtures. Communications, fiber optics, and computer wiring are also included. Numbered E1, E2, E3, etc. 19 20 Types of Drawings To help better understand plans, different drawings are incorporated each describing more detail. The four basic types of drawings are: Plans, Elevations, Sections, and Details. 21 Plans Horizontal “cut” through building or bird’s eye view. Several different plan views are incorporated into the drawings, such as foundations plans, floor plans, framing plans, and reflected ceiling plans. 22 Elevations Depict what the building would look like when standing from the outside and looking at the building. A separate elevation will be included for all four sides of a building. The elevation is typically named for the direction the exterior wall faces. 23 Sections Provide a deeper understanding of the design at certain key spots of the building. Represents a vertical “cut” through the building from top to bottom. 24 Details Depict portions of a building “blown up” in scale to help explain finer elements of design. They are drawn very large and can explain such things as connections, intersections, special features, or tricky construction details. 25 Errors or Discrepancies in Drawings Discrepancies are common in construction drawings. Clauses are generally written into the general conditions addressing this problem: Typically, the more-detailed drawing take precedence over the more-general drawings. Specifications take precedence over the drawings Example: A foundation plan might indicate that the concrete footings are 24″ wide and 10″ deep. But the wall section shows that the footings are 24″ wide and 8″ deep. The wall section would take precedence over the foundation plan, and the footing would be presumed to be only 8″ deep. 26 Drawings of construction projects Construction Drawings Construction-Related Drawings Record Drawings 27 Drawings of construction projects Construction Drawings Prepared after schematic design and design development phases Also referred to as Detailed Drawings Depending on the requirements of a project, they may include drawings show: Deconstruction/demolition of existing construction to be removed Alterations of existing construction to be modified New construction Used as the basis of other drawings that are produced during construction such as: Construction-Related Drawings Record Drawings 28 Drawings of construction projects Construction-Related Drawings During construction phase, most are supplemental… Shop Drawings: May be prepared by contractor, subcontractor, or material/equipment supplier Show how an aspect of the work is to be fabricated and installed in compliance Are not contract documents Changes in the work/Clarifications related drawings: bubble/cloud around revised area Coordination Drawings: show all the construction requirements (of multiple trades) for an area that may be congested 29 Drawings of construction projects Record Drawings: Also referred to as As-built drawings Are contract drawings modified to identify changes incorporated into the work during construction. They include field changes, modifications, and supplemental drawings. Purpose: Documentation that will serve to facilitate O&M and future modifications. Record Drawings means As-built Drawings (?) More Info: As-built vs. Record Drawings PEO, Preparing As-Built and Record Documents (2020): As-built drawing/document: A document created by or based solely on information provided by a third party that reflects the installed, constructed, or commissioned conditions of a device, machine, equipment, apparatus, structure, system, or other outcome of an engineering project. Since the engineer has not reviewed and verified that the information is complete or accurate, as-built drawings must not be sealed. Record drawings/documents: Documents created to accurately reflect as-constructed, as-built or as-fabricated conditions and that have been sealed by a professional engineer after verifying that the documents are accurate. Sealing a record document is a message to the public that a qualified and experienced person(s) prepared same documents and the information can be relied on. 31 FE Exam Question 32 FE Exam Question 33 FE Exam Question What does the “0.025” mean in the roadway drawing produced by TXDoT? A. Thickness of the surface is 0.025 inch B. Slope of the roadway 2.5 inch per 10 feet across the slope C. Slope of the roadway 3 inch per 10 feet across the slope D. Groove ground into the road surface is 0.02 inch deep 34 FE Exam Question What does the “0.025” mean in the roadway drawing produced by TXDoT? A. Thickness of the surface is 0.025 inch B. Slope of the roadway 2.5 inch per 10 feet across the slope C. Slope of the roadway 3 inch per 10 feet across the slope D. Groove ground into the road surface is 0.02 inch deep It means the slope of the roadway to the direction: Vertical Run/Horizontal Run= 0.025 [3 inch * (1 feet / 12 inch)] / 10 ft = 0.025 ft/ft