CRIM 380 Week 1 Slides PDF

CRIM 380 – WEEK 01 Introduction Computer basics Internet basics SFU INTRODUCTION SFU  Course Info Instructor: Richard Frank Best way to cont...

CRIM 380 – WEEK 01 Introduction Computer basics Internet basics SFU INTRODUCTION SFU  Course Info Instructor: Richard Frank Best way to contact: [email protected] Office Hours By appointment Before class During break After class Room: SWH10211 SFU  Course Info TAs Cicilia Zhang: [email protected] Office Hours: TBD Office: TBD SFU  Slides on Canvas  Files  Week 01 Will always be uploaded before the lecture 90% of slides will be provided If ever class is online, we will use this link: https://sfu.zoom.us/j/2826904203?pwd=VU80blV0Rm04UFhWb1VCY2JTVmY5dz09 SFU  Course Description Look at new crimes and responses to those crimes History, nature and extent of computer-related crimes Various types of crimes Different types of computer criminals Motivation and methods of attack How the internet is abused for crime Discuss legal and regulatory environments in cyberspace SFU Syllabus SFU Week 1 Sept 09 Course Intro - - Computer basics Internet basics Course Outline Week 2 Computer Criminals Sept 16 - Hacking - Hackers - Legal Issues Week 3 Identity, Privacy, Big Data Sept 23 Week 4 Truth & Reconciliation Day Sept 30 Week 5 Personal Cyber-Crimes Oct 07 - Cyberstalking - Cyberbullying Fake News Week 6 Social Media Oct 15 - Police [not Oct 14!] - Criminal - Extremist Copyright Week 7 Email spam Oct 21 - How is it generated? Legal Issues Week 8 Software Crimes Oct 28 - Malware Week 9 Organized Crime Nov 4 - Who/what/where/when - Botnets (Good/bad) - Hacking as a service Week 10 Remembrance Day Nov 11 Week 11 Encryption Nov 18 Digital Currency - Internet of Things Week 12 - Dark Web Nov 25 Week 13 International Challenges Dec 2 - Jurisdiction - International Challenges - War SFU  Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 9/8/2024 9/9/2024 9/10/2024 9/11/2024 9/12/2024 9/13/2024 9/14/2024 Lecture - Week 1 No Tutorial 9/15/2024 9/16/2024 9/17/2024 9/18/2024 9/19/2024 9/20/2024 9/21/2024 Lecture - Week 2 Tutorial - Week 2 9/22/2024 9/23/2024 9/24/2024 9/25/2024 9/26/2024 9/27/2024 9/28/2024 Lecture - Week 3 Tutorial - Week 3 9/29/2024 9/30/2024 10/1/2024 10/2/2024 10/3/2024 10/4/2024 10/5/2024 Truth & Reconciliation Day 10/6/2024 10/7/2024 10/8/2024 10/9/2024 10/10/2024 10/11/2024 10/12/2024 Lecture - Week 5 Tutorial - Week 5 10/13/2024 10/14/2024 10/15/2024 10/16/2024 10/17/2024 10/18/2024 10/19/2024 Thanksgiving Lecture - Week 6 Tutorial - Week 6 Calendar 10/20/2024 10/21/2024 Lecture - Week 7 10/22/2024 10/23/2024 10/24/2024 10/25/2024 10/26/2024 Tutorial - Week 7 10/27/2024 10/28/2024 10/29/2024 10/30/2024 10/31/2024 11/1/2024 11/2/2024 Lecture - Week 8 Tutorial - Week 8 11/3/2024 11/4/2024 11/5/2024 11/6/2024 11/7/2024 11/8/2024 11/9/2024 Lecture - Week 9 Tutorial - Week 9 11/10/2024 11/11/2024 11/12/2024 11/13/2024 11/14/2024 11/15/2024 11/16/2024 Remembrance Day 11/17/2024 11/18/2024 11/19/2024 11/20/2024 11/21/2024 11/22/2024 11/23/2024 Lecture - Week 11 Tutorial - Week 11 11/24/2024 11/25/2024 11/26/2024 11/27/2024 11/28/2024 11/29/2024 11/30/2024 Lecture - Week 12 Tutorial - Week 12 12/1/2024 12/2/2024 12/3/2024 12/4/2024 12/5/2024 12/6/2024 12/7/2024 Lecture - Week 13 Last day of Tutorial - Week 13 classes SFU  Required Readings Readings are all in Canvas Presentations will be uploaded to Canvas the night before lecture SFU  Assignments Assignments are in Canvas Syllabus is in Canvas Reading for each week on Canvas SFU  Course Evaluation Weight Assignments 8% x 6 = 48% Tutorial Presentations 10% Tutorial Participation and Contribution 10% Final Exam 30% Syllabus Quiz (online – Canvas) 2% SFU  Assignments There will be 10 assignments distributed, one per week (for weeks 2 to 13 – with exception of holidays) Please pick 6, whichever you prefer Submit them on the due date for that assignment No need to tell us which you plan to do No “best x out of y” assignments Specific requirements will be given within the assignment write-up itself Please submit everything as PDF SFU  Schedule for each Week Designed to be done before attending to the lecture First please do the readings. Sometimes newspaper articles, The readings are sometimes videos, sometimes journal articles. I tried to mix things up Do the assignment for that week Then come to class, where we will discuss the topics you read about, use the readings to fill in gaps in the lecture SFU  Tutorials Lecture: Theory Tutorials: Apply & discuss theory Each week there will be ~2 presentations Single person presentation ~15 minutes Followed by discussion Pick a topic that is relevant to that week’s material Topics are indicated for each week in the syllabus SFU  Tutorials Week 01 No tutorials Week 02 Each person sign ups for presentations Sign-up to a topic that you enjoy Feel free to sign up for any week We must handle sign-ups for presentations during first tutorial Your responsibility to find suitable content Confirm suitability via the TA before presenting Week 03+ Presentations & Discussions SFU  Exams Final: 30% Will have 3h to write Mixture of T/F, MC and short-answer No essays/theses/dissertations/books to write Syllabus Quiz: 2% SFU  Submission Requirements APA style Page requirements do not include references, images/diagrams and cover pages If in doubt, see http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ SFU  What I expect from class discussion Make your case with evidence Link to that evidence whenever possible (for online publications, on social media), or describe it when you can’t (such as in talks or conversations) Be intellectually charitable Acknowledge, when possible, the ways in which the actor or idea you are criticizing may be right. Assume that others are roughly as reasonable, informed, and intelligent as oneself. Be intellectually humble Be genuinely open to changing your mind about an issue Be constructive The objective of most intellectual exchanges should not be to “win,” but rather to have all parties come away from an encounter with a deeper understanding of our social, aesthetic, and natural worlds Target ideas rather than people Be yourself SFU  AI There is nothing stopping me from you using ChatGPT (or equivalent) during the course I do not wish to stop you from using it!! You should learn it, and about it, in a responsible fashion AI is not perfect. Sometimes it will make things up even though it is very convincing-sounding. You might not be able to pick up on this, but given the context and content, I will. If you do use AI to help you write, I suggest you use it to help you write, and not to write. If you use generative AI as part of your submission, you must cite it, as any other source. It’s not your content, thus, you cite. Please cite is as follows: ChatGPT, "The prompt I used to create this", generated on 2023-05-06. Students have been caught submitting AI generated content as their own. It counts as plagiarism as it is words and content which are not your own. You will be penalized according to the plagiarism rules. SFU does has a policy on Academic Dishonesty, called the Policies and Procedures S 10.01 - 4.1.2 Forms of Academic Dishonesty. This policy is listed in full on the last page of this Syllabus, but it contains the following: “Submitting as one's original work an essay, project, thesis, presentation or other assignment, or part thereof, that was purchased or otherwise acquired from another source, unless the work is commercially available data, images, or other intellectual property the source and acquisition of which is properly and fully described and cited by the student and approved by the course Instructor or supervisor.” This covers the use of Generative AI content perfectly. If you are unsure, just ask. SFU TECHNOLO GY SFU  Crime drop in US… Property & Violent Crimes Property & Violent Victimization http://thesocietypages.org/papers/crime-drop/ SFU https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/04/24/what-the-data-says-about-crime-in-the-us/sr_24-04-23_crime_3/ SFU  Crime drop in Canada… Police-reported crime rates, Canada, 1962 to 2021 According to RCMP 2021 https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220802/dq220802a-eng.htm SFU  Why? Many believe incarceration actually drives Punishment? up crime! Policing? Responsible for ~10-20% of the decline Opportunities People connect differently nowadays ? Technology shifts No correlation between unemployment Economics? and crime (fell by 6-7% during the Great Depression) Demography? Canada/US is aging Long-term Evidence that crime drop started a LONG social time ago, and WWII was a spike dynamics? https://thesocietypages.org/papers/crime-drop/ SFU  Technology & Society People are different. The “i-Generation” (born 1995 – 2012) is different than Generation X and Baby Boomers They socialize less (“56 per cent of 14 to 18-year-olds went out on dates in 2015 whereas for Generation X and Baby Boomers, it was around 85 per cent”) They have less sex (“sexual activity among 14 and 15-year-olds has dropped by almost 40 per cent since 1991”) They hang out less (“We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?,” I asked, recalling my own middle-school days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent- free hours shopping with my friends. “No—I go with my family,” she replied) From: iGen: Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy–and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood–and What That Means for the Rest of Us SFU  Why? “Since 2007, the homicide rate among teenagers has declined, but the suicide rate has increased meaning that for the first time in almost quarter of a century, young people are more likely to kill themselves than they are one another.” From: iGen: Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy–and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood–and What That Means for the Rest of Us SFU  Possible crime swap? 2015-2017 In 2017, ~30 breaches w/ 2b records. 100m records on average. 2004-2008 27 breaches w/ 1m+ records. 14.5m records on average. Breaches with 30,000+ records stolen http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/worlds-biggest-data-breaches-hacks/ SFU  139m 1m 1m 100m 57m 41m 100k 4m SFU SFU  Yahoo!! compromised for 1b! user accounts (names, email, phone #, DoB, encrypted password, security questions) compromised for 500m user accounts SFU COMPUTER BASICS SFU  We’re talking about Computer crime… … so, what is a comput What is er? softwar e? What is hardwa re? SFU  Computer is stolen… What is the What is crime? the damag e? Where’ s the evidenc e? SFU  Computer is hacked, data is stolen What is the What is crime? the damag e? Where’ s the evidenc e? SFU  Hacker uses computer to send spam email What is the What is crime? the damag e? Where’ s the evidenc e? SFU  Hacker uses computer to attack a website What is the What is crime? the damag e? Where’ s the evidenc e? SFU  Classification of CyberCrime Computer-Supported Crimes The computer is not central to the crime but may contain evidence of the crime Ex: addresses found in the computer of a murder suspect Computer-Facilitated Crimes The computer is a tool used to commit the crime Ex: child pornography, criminal copyright infringement and fraud Computer Crimes Computer or network is the target Ex: hacking, malware and DoS attacks SFU  Classification of CyberCrime by RCMP Technology-as-target (Pure Computer Crimes) criminal offences targeting computers and other information technologies Technology-as-instrument (Computer-Facilitated Crimes) Internet and information technologies are instrumental in the commission of a crime http://www.rcmp.gc.ca/pubs/cc-report-rapport-cc-eng.htm SFU  Crime needs 3 things Presence of opportunities or targets to commit crime How does this Absence Crime translate to of capable Motivated cybercrime? guardians Offender to prevent crime [Routine Activity Theory - L. Cohen & M. Felson SFU Challenges of Cybercrime Presence of opportunities or targets to commit crime Crime Absence of capable Motivated guardians Offender to prevent crime SFU  Estimating scale of cybercrime How can we estimate? Cybercrime is misreported Cybercrime definition not consistent Reported under existing crime categories Police not experts at recognizing cybercrime Cybercrime underreported Fear of public reaction Victim not aware Cybercrime overreported Media likes ‘new’, cybercrime is ‘new’, covers it more SFU INTERNET BASICS SFU Type in www.cbc.ca Magic?! SFU SFU  Internet Packets Data from source is split into packets (at most 64kb) Each packet is first numbered is then sent out from computer can take a different route arrives at destination put in proper order Data extracted at destination If packet is lost, it’s simply resent SFU How does info travel? SFU How does info travel? SFU Why does info travel the way it does? SFU  What happens when… I say “Let’s go to Walmart”? I say “Let’s go to www.walmart.com”? If you do not know where If you do not know where “Walmart” is “www.walmart.com” is You’ll need to ask someone who – You’ll need to ask something that knows knows – Look it up in a Domain Name System Look it up in a directory (DNS) Server You find out closest “Walmart” = “99 – You find out closest server for Main St., Burnaby” “www.Walmart.com” = “23.39.93.42” You now have an address, so you You now have an address, so you find find the closest path there the closest path there SFU IP Addresses SFU  IP Addresses Can find out your own IP Address through services like: https://www.iplocation.net/ https://www.whatismyip.net/ https://www.whatismyip.com/ https://whatismyipaddress.com/ They map your location, a best-guess Can also use to find location of someone else, if you know their IP address [The assignment will let you go into more details] SFU