Curtin University Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves PDF

29/04/2022 How does it all work? Part 1: The spinal cord and spinal nerves Dr Flavia Di Pietro Acknowledgement: Dr Ajanthy Shan [email protected] WARNING...

29/04/2022 How does it all work? Part 1: The spinal cord and spinal nerves Dr Flavia Di Pietro Acknowledgement: Dr Ajanthy Shan [email protected] WARNING This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of Curtin University in accordance with section 113P of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice. Please note that these unit materials contain images/videos of cadaveric material obtained under the Anatomy Licence held by the Anatomy Facility at Curtin University and are bound by the regulations of the Anatomy Act of Western Australia (1930). These images/videos are for study purposes only and must not be shared or distributed outside of this Blackboard site as this constitutes a breach of the Anatomy Act. A breach of the Anatomy Act is considered to be student misconduct and is dealt with in accordance with Statute No.10 Student Discipline. 1  29/04/2022 Specific Learning Objectives 1. Describe the peripheral nervous system (PNS) with reference to the somatic nervous system and motor division of the autonomic nervous system. 2. Describe the anatomy of the PNS including peripheral ganglia, spinal and cranial nerves and associated central nervous system (CNS) structures. 3. Identify the main regions of the brain. 4. Describe the functions of the brain. 2  29/04/2022 Textbook readings The spinal cord Extends from the foramen magnum to the first or second lumbar vertebrae Divided into regions: Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccygeal 31 pairs of spinal nerves 3  29/04/2022 The spinal cord Conus medullaris Meninges Connective tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord Functions: Protection Containscerebrospinal fluid Forms partitions inside the skull 4  29/04/2022 Meninges Dura mater: Subdural space Arachnoid mater: Subarachnoid space – CSF and blood vessels Pia mater: Many small blood vessels Spinal cord 5  29/04/2022 Spinal CNS PNS Brain cord Grey matter (cell body, Cortex Outer dendrites, of cortex unmyelinated brain Ganglion (and Inner axons, axon and deep terminals and nuclei nuclei) neuroglia) White matter Nerve (myelinated Nerves Deeper Outer tracts axons) Organisation in the spinal cord Sensory – travels through the dorsal roots Motor – travels through the ventral roots Spinal nerves are mixed Both sensory neurons & motor neurons 6  29/04/2022 Organisation in the spinal cord Motor neuron cell bodies are in the horns of the grey matter Somatic – ventral horn Autonomic – lateral horn Nerve coverings Connective tissue – 3 layers Endoneurium – surrounds each axon (Schwann cells here too) Perineurium – surrounds a fascicle (a group of axons) Epineurium – surrounds several fascicles, i.e. nerve i.e. a nerve is a bundle of axons, and the sheaths, in the PNS 7  29/04/2022 Organisation of spinal nerves Spinal nerves Vertebral bones Cervical 8 pairs 7 bones Thoracic 12 pairs 12 bones Lumbar 5 pairs 5 bones Sacral 5 pairs 5 bones Coccygeal 1 pair 5 fused = 1 bone Vertebra Spinal nerve Compendium questions 1. What are the major parts of the brain? 2. What are the main lobes, sulci and gyri of the cerebrum? 3. What connects the two cerebral hemispheres? 4. What advantage do convolutions give the cerebrum? 5. How do white matter and grey matter differ? 6. What are the roles of the thalamus and hypothalamus? 7. What are the roles of the brainstem? 8. What and where are the functional areas of the cerebrum? 9. What information does the cerebellum receive and how does it use this information? 10. Where does the spinal cord begin and end in adults? 8  29/04/2022 Compendium questions 11. Where do sensory and motor nerve roots enter and leave the spinal cord? 12. What are the divisions of the ANS and where do they emerge from the CNS? 13. Distinguish between somatic motor and autonomic motor neuron pathways 14. What are ganglia? 15. What effect does each part of the ANS have on the body? 9