Week 6 Anatomy PDF

WEEK 6 : ANATOMY 1st Year | A.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND RELATED STRUCTURES Prepared by: SHM Lecturer: DR. FAROUK JAJURIE JR., MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS, FPAAAMMI, FAMI Date: SEPTEMBER 13, 2024...

WEEK 6 : ANATOMY 1st Year | A.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND RELATED STRUCTURES Prepared by: SHM Lecturer: DR. FAROUK JAJURIE JR., MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS, FPAAAMMI, FAMI Date: SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 OBJECTIVES: Tendinous sheet of occipitofrontalis 4. LOOSE AREOLAR TISSUE 1. Enumerate the layers of the scalp Potential space 2. Describe the feature of each layer 5. PERICRANIUM 3. State the reason why the 4th layer is a Periostem of skull bones “dangerous layer of the scalp”. 4. Discuss the reason why: a) A clean wound in the scalp heals promptly b) An incised wound involving the first 3 layers of the scalp gapes if it is along the coronal plane c) A wound involving only the first 2 layers bleeds profusely and is not easily controlled. d) Bleeding in the 4th layer is diffuse and gravitates to the face e) Bleeding under the 5th layer is confined to particular cranial bones. 5. Give the attachments. Nerve supply and action of occipitofrontalis. WHY THE 4TH LAYER IS A “DANGEROUS LAYER OF 6. State the peculiar feature that promotes rapid THE SCALP”. spread of edema or swelling in the face 7. Discuss the blood supply of the face EMISSARY VEINS 8. Trace the lymphatic drainage of the face *Valveless 9. Trace the venous drainage *Pus can flow into the skull LAYERS OF THE SCALP WHY CLEAN WOUNDS IN THE SCALP HEAL PROMPTLY? Numerous blood supply WHY AN INCISED WOUND INVOLVING THE FIRST 3 LAYERS (SKIN, SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, & EPICRANIAL APONEUROSIS) OF THE SCALP GAPES Consists of 5 layers, the first 3 layers are intimately IF IT IS ALONG THE CORONAL PLANE bounded together and move as a unit. 1) Tension of the epicranial aponeurosis 1. SKIN 2) The first 3 layers are intimately bounded Hair bearing with glands together and move as a unit 2. SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE Blood vessels 3. EPICRANIAL APONEUROSIS ANATOMY | WEEK 6 1 Ferviente 2028  WEEK 6 : ANATOMY 1st Year | A.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND RELATED STRUCTURES Prepared by: SHM Lecturer: DR. FAROUK JAJURIE JR., MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS, FPAAAMMI, FAMI Date: SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 WHY WOUND INVOLVING ONLY THE FIRST 2 LAYERS (SKIN & SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE) BLEEDS PROFUSELY AND IS NOT EASILY CONTROLLED? 1) Numerous arteries (Branches of the ICA and ECA) and veins which ramify. 2) Arterial walls are attached to the fibrous septa in the subcutaneous tissue and are unable to contract or retract to allow blood clotting WHY BLEEDING UNDER THE 5TH LAYER (PERICRANIUM) IS CONFINED TO PARTICULAR CRANIAL BONES? WHY BLEEDING IN THE 4TH LAYER (LOOSE AREOLAR TISSUE) IS DIFFUSE AND GRAVITATES TO THE FACE? Blood or pus beneath the epicranial aponeurosis spreads over the calvaria being limited in front by the orbital margin, behind by nuchal lines and laterally by the temporal lines. LOOSE AREOLAR TISSUE: Occupies the subaponeurotic space and loosely connects the epicranial aponeurosis to the periosteum of skull (pericranium). Subperiosteal blood or pus is limited to one bone due to attachment of the periosteum to the sutural ligaments. ANATOMY | WEEK 6 2 Ferviente 2028  WEEK 6 : ANATOMY 1st Year | A.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND RELATED STRUCTURES Prepared by: SHM Lecturer: DR. FAROUK JAJURIE JR., MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS, FPAAAMMI, FAMI Date: SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 GIVE ATTACHMENT, NERVE SUPPLY, AND ACTION OF OCCIPITOFRONTALIS NERVE MUSCLE OF THE SCALP ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION SUPPLY Moves scalp Highest nuchal OCCIPITOFRONTALIS Epicranial on skull and line of occipital Facial nerve OCCIPITAL BELLY aponeurosis raises bone eyebrows Skin and OCCIPITOFRONTALIS superficial FRONTAL BELLY fascia of eyebrows MUSCLE OF FACIAL NERVE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION EXPRESSION SUPPLY Lacirmal bone, Sphincter of eyelids; ORBITAL AND NASAL adjacent regions Upper and lower closes eye in blinking; REGIONS of frontal bone eyelids, skin Facial nerve squinting; sleep; aids ORBICULLARIS and maxilla, around margin in flow of tears across OCULI medial angle of of orbit eye eyelids ANATOMY | WEEK 6 3 Ferviente 2028  WEEK 6 : ANATOMY 1st Year | A.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND RELATED STRUCTURES Prepared by: SHM Lecturer: DR. FAROUK JAJURIE JR., MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS, FPAAAMMI, FAMI Date: SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 NERVE MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION SUPPLY LEVATOR Lesser wing of Superiror tarsal Raises the PALPEBRAE CN III sphenoid plate upper lid SUPERIORIS ANATOMY | WEEK 6 4 Ferviente 2028  WEEK 6 : ANATOMY 1st Year | A.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND RELATED STRUCTURES Prepared by: SHM Lecturer: DR. FAROUK JAJURIE JR., MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS, FPAAAMMI, FAMI Date: SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 MUSCLE OF NERVE FACIAL ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION SUPPLY EXPRESSION Draw eyebrows medially and Medial end of downward in CORRUGATOR Skin of Facial supraorbital frowning and SUPERCILII eyebrow nerve margin concentration; reduces glare of bright sunlight MUSCLE OF NERVE FACIAL ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION SUPPLY EXPRESSION Buccal Aponeurosis COMPRESSOR Frontal process branch of Compresses nasal of nose NARIS of maxilla the facial cartilage bridge nerve ANATOMY | WEEK 6 5 Ferviente 2028  WEEK 6 : ANATOMY 1st Year | A.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND RELATED STRUCTURES Prepared by: SHM Lecturer: DR. FAROUK JAJURIE JR., MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS, FPAAAMMI, FAMI Date: SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 NERVE MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION SUPPLY Buccal Pulls the ala laterally; Ala of the branch of DILATOR NARIS Maxilla widens nasal nose the facial aperture nerve NERVE MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION SUPPLY Buccal Wrinkles the skin of Skin between branch of the nose and pulls PROCERUS Nasal bone the eyebrows the facial down medial end of nerve brows ANATOMY | WEEK 6 6 Ferviente 2028  WEEK 6 : ANATOMY 1st Year | A.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND RELATED STRUCTURES Prepared by: SHM Lecturer: DR. FAROUK JAJURIE JR., MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS, FPAAAMMI, FAMI Date: SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION Mucous membrane Maxilla, Buccal and ORBICULARIS lining the Compresses the mandible and mandibularbranch ORIS inner lips together skin of the facial nerve surface of the lips NERVE MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION SUPPLY Maxilla and Levator labii Zygomatic and Elevates and everts LEVATOR zygomatic bone superioris buccal the upper lip. Acting LABII above the alaequae nasi branches of with other muscles, SUPERIORIS infraorbital and zygomaticus the facial it modifies the foramen minor nerve nasolabial furrows. ANATOMY | WEEK 6 7 Ferviente 2028  WEEK 6 : ANATOMY 1st Year | A.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND RELATED STRUCTURES Prepared by: SHM Lecturer: DR. FAROUK JAJURIE JR., MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS, FPAAAMMI, FAMI Date: SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 NERVE MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION SUPPLY Zygomatic and LEVATOR superior Dilates the nostril; LABII Nostril and upper buccal elevates the upper Maxilla SUPERIORIS lip branches of lip and wing of the ALAQUE NASI the facial nose nerve NERVE MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION SUPPLY Mouth where it blends with the Zygomatic and fibres of levator Draws the angle of buccal ZYGOMATICUS anguli oris, the mouth upwards Zygomatic bone branches of MAJOR orbicularis oris and laterally as in the facial and more deeply laughing nerve placed muscular bands ANATOMY | WEEK 6 8 Ferviente 2028  WEEK 6 : ANATOMY 1st Year | A.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND RELATED STRUCTURES Prepared by: SHM Lecturer: DR. FAROUK JAJURIE JR., MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS, FPAAAMMI, FAMI Date: SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 NERVE MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION SUPPLY Zygomatic and Elevates the upper buccal lip. It also assists in ZYGOMATICUS Zygomatic bone Upper lip branches of deepening and MINOR the facial elevating the nerve nasolabial furrow NERVE MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION SUPPLY Draws the angle of Buccal and the mouth mandibular DEPRESSOR downwards and Mandible Modiolus branches of ANGULI ORIS laterally in opening the facial the mouth and in nerve expressing sadness ANATOMY | WEEK 6 9 Ferviente 2028  WEEK 6 : ANATOMY 1st Year | A.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND RELATED STRUCTURES Prepared by: SHM Lecturer: DR. FAROUK JAJURIE JR., MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS, FPAAAMMI, FAMI Date: SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 NERVE MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION SUPPLY Raises the angle of Zygomatic and the mouth in smiling, buccal LEVATOR Angle of the and contributes to Maxilla branches of ANGULI ORIS mouth the depth and the facial contour of the nerve nasolabial furrow NERVE MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION SUPPLY Arises from the Draws the lower lip oblique line of the Lower lip, downwards and a DEPRESSOR mandible, orbicular oris Mandibular little laterally in LABII between the fibers, its fellow branch of the masticatory activity, INFERIORIS symphysis menti of the opposite facil nerve and may assist in and the mental side eversion of the lower foramen lip ANATOMY | WEEK 6 10 Ferviente 2028  WEEK 6 : ANATOMY 1st Year | A.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND RELATED STRUCTURES Prepared by: SHM Lecturer: DR. FAROUK JAJURIE JR., MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS, FPAAAMMI, FAMI Date: SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 NERVE MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION SUPPLY Raises the lower lip, wrinkling the skin of the chin. It raises the Mandibular base of the lower lip and MENTALIS Mandible Skin of the chin branch of the therefore helps in protruding facial nerve and everting the lower lip in drinking and also in expressing doubt or disdain NERVE MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION SUPPLY From the alveolar The buccinator compressed processes of the Buccal branch the cheeks against the teeth maxillary bone and FIbres of the BUCCINATOR of the facial and is used in acts such as mandible, orbicularis oris nerve blowing. It is an assistant pterygomandibular muscle of mastication. raphe ANATOMY | WEEK 6 11 Ferviente 2028  WEEK 6 : ANATOMY 1st Year | A.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND RELATED STRUCTURES Prepared by: SHM Lecturer: DR. FAROUK JAJURIE JR., MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS, FPAAAMMI, FAMI Date: SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 WHAT PROMOTES RAPID SPREAD OF EDEMA OR BOUNDARIES OF THE DANGEROUS AREA OF THE SWELLING IN THE FACE? FACE No deep fascia Between the eyes and upper lip or between the eyes and sides of the nose STATE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DANGEROUS AREA Dangerous area is drained by the facial vein. Spread of infection via the inferior ophthalmic veins to cavernous sinus and cause thrombosis which can lead to cerebral edema. ANATOMY | WEEK 6 12 Ferviente 2028  WEEK 6 : ANATOMY 1st Year | A.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND RELATED STRUCTURES Prepared by: SHM Lecturer: DR. FAROUK JAJURIE JR., MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS, FPAAAMMI, FAMI Date: SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE FACE SUPRAORBITAL & FACIAL ARTERY SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY SUPRATROCHLEAR ARTERIES Highest of the 3 branches that arise Small terminal branch of the ECA; Branches of the ophthalmic artery. from the anterior aspect of ECA. Ascends in front of the auricle to Supply the skin of the forehead. Anastomose with the terminal supply the scalp branches of the ophthalmic artery. 1) Submental artery 2) Superior and inferior labial arteries 3) Lateral nasal artery – Side and dorsum of nose LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF THE FACE SUBMANDIBULAR LNs PAROTID LNs SUBMENTAL LNs Drains the forehead and anterior part Drains the lateral part of the face Central part of the lower lip and skin of the face including lateral eyelids of the chin ANATOMY | WEEK 6 13 Ferviente 2028  WEEK 6 : ANATOMY 1st Year | A.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND RELATED STRUCTURES Prepared by: SHM Lecturer: DR. FAROUK JAJURIE JR., MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS, FPAAAMMI, FAMI Date: SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 MUSCLE OF NERVE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION MASTICATION SUPPLY Tip and medial Elevates mandible, Floor of temporal surface of Deep temporal closing jaws; its fossa and deep coronoid process branches of TEMPORALIS posterior fibers surface of and anterior mandibular retrude mandible temporal fascia border of ramus nerve (CN V) after protrusion of mandible ANATOMY | WEEK 6 14 Ferviente 2028  WEEK 6 : ANATOMY 1st Year | A.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND RELATED STRUCTURES Prepared by: SHM Lecturer: DR. FAROUK JAJURIE JR., MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS, FPAAAMMI, FAMI Date: SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 MUSCLE OF NERVE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION MASTICATION SUPPLY Mandibular Lateral surface of nerve via Elevates and Inferior border and ramus of masseteric protrudes mandible, MASSETER medial surface of mandible and its nerve that thus closing jaws, zygomatic arch coronoid process enters its deep deep fibers retrude it surface MUSCLE OF NERVE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION MASTICATION SUPPLY Help to elevate the *DEEP HEAD: mandible, closing Medial surface of Medial surface of jaws; acting together, lateral pterygoid Mandibular ramus of they help to protrude plate and nerve via MEDIAL mandible, mandible, acting pyramidal process medial PTERYGOID inferior to alone, it protrudes of palatine bone pterygoid mandibular side of jaw; acting *SUPERFICIAL nerve foramen alternately, they HEAD: Tuberosity produce a grinding of maxilla motion ANATOMY | WEEK 6 15 Ferviente 2028  WEEK 6 : ANATOMY 1st Year | A.Y. 2024-2025 Lecture: MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND RELATED STRUCTURES Prepared by: SHM Lecturer: DR. FAROUK JAJURIE JR., MHA, FPPAI, FPFCS, FPAAAMMI, FAMI Date: SEPTEMBER 13, 2024 MUSCLE OF NERVE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION MASTICATION SUPPLY *SUPERIOR HEAD: Acting together, Infratemporal they protrude surface and crest Neck of mandible, Mandibular mandible and of greater wing of articular disc, and nerve via depress chin; LATERAL sphenoid bone capsule of lateral acting alone and PTERYGOID *INFERIOR temporomandibular pterygoid alternately, they HEAD: joint nerve produce side-to- Lateral surface of side movements of lateral pterygoid mandible plate STUDY THE MANDIBLE: MORPHOLOGY ARTICULATING PARTS DISLOCATION ANATOMY | WEEK 6 16 Ferviente 2028