W3&4-1—chapter-04—Network Access part 1.pdf

Introduction to Networks Chapter 4: Network Access Part 1 4.1 Physical Layer Protocols Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1 Layering Models Encapsulation and D...

Introduction to Networks Chapter 4: Network Access Part 1 4.1 Physical Layer Protocols Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1 Layering Models Encapsulation and Decapsulation Loading… Addressing (Demultiplexing Keys)  Chapter 4: Objectives (Physical Layer) Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to: Identify device connectivity options. Describe the purpose and functions of the physical layer in the network. Loading… Describe basic principles of the physical layer standards. Identify the basic characteristics of copper cabling. Build a UTP cable used in Ethernet networks. Describe fiber-optic cabling and its main advantages over other media. Describe wireless media. Select the appropriate media for a given requirement and connect devices. Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 5  Chapter 4: Objectives (Data Link Layer) Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to: Describe the purpose and function of the data link layer in preparing communication for transmission on specific media. Describe the Layer 2 frame structure and identify generic fields. Identify several sources for the protocols and standards used by the data link layer. Compare the functions of logical topologies and physical topologies. Describe the basic characteristics of media control methods on WAN topologies. Describe the basic characteristics of media control methods on LAN topologies. Describe the characteristics and functions of the data link frame. Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6 4.1 Physical Layer Protocols Chapter 4 1. Physical Layer Protocols 2. Network Media 3. Data Link Layer Protocols 4. Media Access Control 5. Summary Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7 Getting it Connected Connecting to the Network Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8 Getting it Connected Connecting to the Network (cont.) Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) is the most popular wired LAN technology It is like Wi-Fi but uses wired connection (typically copper cable) Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 9 Getting it Connected Network Interface Cards Connecting to the Wireless LAN with a Range Extender Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) is the most popular wireless LAN technology Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 10 Purpose of the Physical The Physical Layer Layer Loading… Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11  Purpose of the Physical Physical Layer Media Layer Discrete levels Amplitude Modulation Frequency Modulation Analog Signals Phase Modulation Covered in DCCN-II Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 12 Data can be analog or digital. Analog data refers to information that is continuous; Analog data take on continuous values; Analog signals can have an infinite number of values in a range. Figure 3.1 Comparison of Analog and Digital Signals Data can be analog or digital. Digital data refers to information that has discrete states. Digital data take on discrete values. Digital signals can have only a limited number of values. Figure 3.1 Comparison of Analog and Digital Signals Purpose of the Physical Physical Layer Standards Layer Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15 Fundamental Principles of Layer Physical Layer Fundamental Principles 1 Covered in detail in DCCN-II Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16  Fundamental Principles of Layer Bandwidth 1 Bandwidth has two primary meanings: 1. Signal or Channel Bandwidth: The range of frequencies a signal or channel occupies, measured in hertz (Hz). (More formal use of the term) 2. Network Bandwidth: The maximum data transfer rate of a network connection, measured in bits per second (bps). (Informal use of the term) thousand million billion triillion Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 17 Fundamental Principles of Layer Throughput 1 The maximum actual data transfer rate of a network connection, measured in bits per second (bps), obtained over a network is called its throughput. Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 18 Fundamental Principles of Layer 1 Types of Physical Media The backplane of a Cisco router SHDSL Management Gigabit Ethernet Interface Ports Interfaces USB Type A Connector FastEthernet USB Mini-B Switch Ports Connector Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19 Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 20