Technical Words Second Stage 2024 PDF

Technical Words Assistant Lecturer: Saif Alaa Second Stage year: 2024 Term Definition bearing containing balls or rollers placed around a component which mechanism spins, e...

Technical Words Assistant Lecturer: Saif Alaa Second Stage year: 2024 Term Definition bearing containing balls or rollers placed around a component which mechanism spins, e.g. a shaft, to reduce friction closed band placed around two or more wheels (pulleys), belt (drive belt) allowing one wheel to drive the other(s) cable rope made of many wires, usually metal component individual part of an assembly/mechanism electromagnetic has/uses an electrically generated magnetic field base supporting a building or structure, usually made of foundation concrete wheels with cogs (teeth) which mesh together to transfer drive gears from one wheel to the other where the wheels are side by side the resistance of an object to acceleration or deceleration due to inertia its mass liquid or viscous solid (e.g. oil) used to reduce friction between lubricant moving parts whose surfaces are touching (electric) motor device which transforms electrical energy into rotary motion pile foundation comprising a vertical column of concrete in the ground device with spinning blades used to push boats or aircraft propeller through water or air  networks of fibres or bars placed inside a material to strengthen reinforcement it, e.g. steel reinforcement in concrete system used to control a device or vehicle from a distance, remote control usually via a wireless connection sheave alternative term for pulley (see belt above) solar power energy from sunlight converted into electrical energy strength-to-weight toughness of a material (ability to resist breaking) relative to its ratio density (density = mass/volume) structural engineer engineer specialising in the design of structures, e.g. bridges wind load force exerted on a structure by the wind signal transmission without a physical connection by wire, e.g. wireless by radio waves or infrared waves Term Definition solid particles or lumps of material used in a mixture, e.g. sand and gravel in aggregate concrete automotive related to vehicle design and manufacturing blade cutting device, often metal with a sharp or toothed edge cement lime-based powder mixed with water to make concrete  Term Definition chassis base of a vehicle to which all main components are fixed combined materials; consists of a bulk material (called a matrix) reinforced composite with fibres or bars, e.g. glass-reinforced plastic (plastic matrix with glass (material) fibres) material that conducts (carries) electricity or heat - in engineering, usually conductor refers to an electrical conductor passing an electrical current through a liquid or solid in order to separate electrolysis chemical compounds exhaust system for evacuating smoke or gases, e.g. from an engine galvanized coated with zinc - used to protect steel from corrosion (rusting) insulation protective layer to prevent or reduce conduction of heat or electricity collective term for small metal items commonly used in buildings, e.g. door ironmongery handles, hinges, screws, nails kinetic energy energy in the form of movement, e.g. a spinning wheel melt down change a solid substance into a liquid by heating it membrane thin layer of material, often acting as a barrier, e.g. to prevent water passing puncture hole causing a leak of air or liquid, e.g. in a tyre common name for iron oxide - produced when iron corrodes as a result of rust exposure to air and water scrap used/recovered material intended for recycling; often refers to metal  Term Definition acetylene gas commonly mixed with oxygen in welding (oxy-acetylene) dense material used to add weight, e.g. as a counter-balance or to ballast resist lift plastic strap used to fix several cables together side by side, or to fix cable tie cables to a supporting structure casting pouring molten material into a mould earth electrical connection between a circuit and the ground in a mains electrical circuit, the wire through which current flows live into an appliance - also means a circuit is energised (current is flowing) machining collective term for processes involving cutting, drilling, etc. machine with cutting wheels used to cut away the surface of metal milling machine in thin layers in a mains electrical circuit, the wire through which current flows neutral out of an appliance black bolt in construction, an ordinary bolt long metal plate on which cables are laid - designed to support large cable tray numbers of cables column vertical support in a structure construction joint joint between two sections of concrete that were poured at different  Term Definition times (where concrete structures are poured in several stages) large section pipe, with a circular or square profile, for carrying air; duct or a protective cover for cables or hoses fabrication making/assembling, often used to describe metalwork fixings collective term for bolts, screws, rivets and clips high strength friction bolt which holds plates together by friction (gripping them tightly grip (HSFG) bolt together) rather than by shear force abbreviation for mechanical and electrical - in construction, refers to M&E electrical installations, water pipes, air-conditioning, etc. pour (concrete) place/cast concrete slab large flat area of concrete, for a floor or roof Term Definition clearance distance between components designed to fit together closely friction mechanism allowing engine motion to be transferred to clutch wheels progressively coolant liquid in a cooling system resistance to movement through a gas or liquid, e.g. when a plane drag moves through the air  Term Definition electrical point where two electrical conductors are connected contact often refers to an internal combustion engine - i.e. one which burns engine petrol or diesel fan spinning device with blades used to generate a flow of air material with small holes located in a flow of gas or liquid; used to filter block solid particles, e.g. to prevent them from damaging a sensitive mechanism such as a pump moveable panels on aircraft wings which increase lift to assist low- flaps speed flight, e.g. during take-off and landing aircraft controls which operate moveable devices (e.g. flaps) fly-by-wire electronically, rather than mechanically fuel injection system for injecting fuel vapor into the piston cylinder of an engine temperature device which shows a temperature reading gauge case containing shafts with gears, usually with a gearshift gearbox mechanism, allowing gears to be moved to change between different gear ratios hydraulics high-pressure oil circuits used to push pistons called hydraulic rams separate an electrical component or part of a circuit from the rest of isolate the circuit - e.g. by opening a switch - to prevent electricity from flowing through it  Term Definition landing gear wheels of an aircraft loose electrical connection that is not fully tight, often causing the circuit to connection be broken, preventing current from flowing Term Definition heat-exchange device that dissipates heat into the air, usually from a radiator hot liquid (e.g. coolant) that is pumped through it moveable panels on aircraft wings which increase drag and reduce lift; spoilers used to slow aircraft when descending and on landing electric motor in an engine used to turn the engine in order to start it starter motor running moveable connection between a vehicle's chassis and its wheels, suspension consisting of springs and dampers tank container for storing liquid throttle accelerator control on an engine transforms a flow of fluid (liquid or gas) into rotary movement, e.g. a turbine wind turbine mechanism for opening/closing/restricting the flow of gas or liquid valve along a pipe  Term Definition beam long, narrow horizontal component in a structure core drill hole-saw for drilling through thick materials machine for lifting heavy objects, able to reach significant heights and distances; includes mobile cranes (which wheel), tower cranes (which crane are supported by a fixed tower) and gantry cranes (which run along beams) related to movement, e.g. a dynamic load (= a load generated by a dynamic moving object) force of acceleration or deceleration: 1 G is equivalent to the force of G-force acceleration exerted by gravity jib moveable arm of a crane ring fixed to a heavy object allowing a hook (e.g. of a crane) to be lifting eye attached to enable lifting truck with a low, flat trailer, used for transporting large heavy vehicles, low-loader especially construction plant flat straps which can be attached to crane hooks and placed under slings objects in order to lift them thrust pushing force, e.g. generated by expanding gases exiting a rocket Term Definition air inlet point where air enters a device or process - the opposite is air outlet  Term Definition electrical current travelling a short distance through the air to flow arc between two conductors blower pump-like mechanism which generates airflow circuit electrical device which instantly breaks a circuit (switches off the breaker power supply) as a safety measure if a variation in current is detected (fire extinguisher) device used for putting out fires; usually a metal extinguisher container with a hose or nozzle containing water, CO₂, powder or foam metal container which contains compressed gas, often in liquefied gas bottle form guardrail safety rail designed to prevent people falling from high places handrail (as guardrail, above) describes a part of a structure or assembly that is designed to load-bearing resist/transmit force moisture- can be damaged by water sensitive off-cuts waste pieces left over after cutting firing small metal balls propelled by compressed air as an abrasive shot-blasting cleaning process silo large container for storing bulk granular materials such as grain  Term Definition strain change in size/shape of a component (e.g. stretching) due to force control panel containing several switches for all the individual circuits switchboard of an electrical installation switchgear collective term for switching equipment electrical device for modifying current and voltage - a step-up transformer transformer increases voltage and reduces current, a step-down transformer decreases voltage and increases current Term Definition AC Alternating Current automation automatic control of a system, device or process Computer Aided Design - computer software for producing CAD engineering drawings moving belt which transports objects horizontally; often used in conveyor belt manufacturing processes and warehouses further down the direction of flow (e.g., in a river); used in downstream engineering to describe industrial processes and the flow of liquid/air in pipe/duct networks (opposite - upstream) electric utility company which generates electricity at power stations  Term Definition electrical stored electricity (potential electrical energy) charge exothermic chemical reaction which produces heat (opposite - endothermic reaction reaction, which absorbs heat) flow movement of a substance, usually a liquid or gas (e.g., along a pipe) slang term for a technical device, usually electronic - suggests the gizmo device is complex hydroelectric electricity generated using water pressure (hydrostatic pressure) power mains domestic electricity supply system electricity manual controlled by a person - the opposite is automatic refrigeration process of cooling to temperatures below atmospheric temperature man-made lake for storing water, usually for drinking water or reservoir hydroelectric power (on standby) when a device is ready to operate immediately, e.g., a standby TV that is ready to switch on when it receives a remote control signal closed tank which can hold a pressure greater than the atmospheric vessel pressure outside it  Term Definition device for pressurizing gas (usually air) inside a vessel or network compressor of pipes/hoses data collecting and recording the results of tests for later analysis gathering deformable can change shape release/eject/open, e.g. when skydivers pull the cord of their deploy parachute, the parachute is deployed destructible can be / is designed to be broken/destroyed Do It Yourself store - hardware / home improvements store selling DIY store building materials and tools to consumers pressure device which shows a pressure reading, e.g. in bar or psi (pounds gauge per square inch) turbulence disturbed airflow - i.e. air not flowing smoothly around an object vacuum volume containing no gas, e.g. space glass at front of a vehicle or aircraft which the driver or pilot looks windshield through, also called a windscreen in British English Term Definition bodywork the external skin of a vehicle; usually consists of several panels  Term Definition angle that is inclined from horizontal, usually at 90 degrees to the camber direction of travel, e.g. the camber of a road (the slope of the road across its width) downward curved line of a cable when suspended between two catenary supports coastal large walls, blocks, etc., constructed to protect the coast from defences sea/ocean erosion degrade as a result of a chemical reaction, e.g. iron turning to iron corrode oxide (rust) when exposed to water and air corrosion result of material corroding (see above) derail come off the rails, e.g. trains can be derailed detonate trigger an explosion fail-safe cannot fail / go wrong - often used to describe safety systems historic unit of power, has been replaced by Watts but still used to horsepower describe power output from engines inaxial not in a straight line opposing forces acting in opposite directions forces oscillation wave pattern  Term Definition thrust directed in the opposite direction to that which a reverse thrust vehicle/aircraft is travelling in, intended to slow the vehicle/aircraft rpm revolutions per minute, used to measure the speed of rotary motion vehicle that slides along (i.e. does not have wheels), e.g. a sled sled designed to travel over snow the force(s) exerted on an object, e.g. tensile stress in a cable that is stress being pulled in opposite directions the part of a structure that is above ground level - the opposite is superstructure the substructure