Virtualisation and Cloud Computing Fundamentals PDF

System Fundamentals 1 BINCT 1 Module 3: Virtualization and Cloud Computing Fundamentals ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved....

System Fundamentals 1 BINCT 1 Module 3: Virtualization and Cloud Computing Fundamentals ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1  Learning Objectives By the end of this module, you should be able to: Describe the components of virtualization Use and describe hosted virtualization Use and describe bare-metal virtualization Describe application virtualization Describe cloud computing ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 2  Virtualization Fundamentals (1 of 3) Virtualization is a process that creates a software environment to emulate a computer’s hardware and BIOS − Allows multiple OSs to run on the same physical computer at the same time Virtualization terms: − A virtual machine (VM) is the virtual environment that emulates a physical computer’s hardware and BIOS − A guest OS is the operating system installed on a VM − A host computer is the physical computer on which the VM software is installed ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 3  Virtualization Fundamentals (2 of 3) Virtualization terms (continued): − Virtualization software creates and manages VMs and creates the virtual environment in which a guest OS is installed − The hypervisor creates and monitors the virtual hardware environment, which allows multiple VMs to share physical hardware resources  A type 1 hypervisor runs directly on the host computer’s hardware and controls and monitors guest OSs (also called bare-metal virtualization)  A type 2 hypervisor is installed in a general-purpose host OS, and the host OS accesses host hardware on behalf of the guest OS (also called hosted virtualization) ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 4  Virtualization Fundamentals (3 of 3) Virtualization terms (continued): − A virtual disk consists of files residing on the host computer that represent a virtual machine’s hard drive − A virtual network is a network configuration created by virtualization − A snapshot is a partial copy of a VM made at a particular moment ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 5  Hosted Virtualization Hosted virtualization uses a type 2 hypervisor It has an advantage of supporting a wider variety of guest OSs because there are few incompatibility problems between the guest OS and hardware It is easy and straightforward to use − You install the virtualization software on your computer and begin creating virtual machines Hardware requirements include enough memory to support the host and guest OSs, adequate CPU power, and enough space to store the virtual disk ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6  Hosted Virtualization Applications OS training Software training Application isolation Network isolation Software development What-if scenarios Use of legacy applications Physical-to-virtual conversion ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 7  Hosted Virtualization Products Well-known hosted virtualization products: − VMware Workstation Pro − VMware Workstation Player − VMware Fusion − Parallels Desktop for Mac − VirtualBox ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 8  Using VMware Workstation Pro (1 of 3) You can download a free trial version and try it for 30 days − After installation, a wizard takes you through the steps of creating a virtual machine Offers flexible networking options − Allows you to configure the NIC on your VM to use one of the five virtual network options or create your own custom virtual network Five preconfigured options: − Bridged, NAT, host-only, custom, LAN segment ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 9 Using VMware Workstation Pro (2 of 3) ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 10  Using VMware Workstation Pro (3 of 3) VMware Tools should be installed in the guest OS to ensure the best performance and ease of use − VMware Tools is a collection of tools and drivers, which adds optimized network, video, and disk drivers and guest-host integration tools Other advanced features are available for developers − Which is why VMware Workstation is considered the flagship hosted virtualization product ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 11  Using VMware Workstation Player (1 of 2) VMware Workstation Player is a stripped-down version of VMware Workstation Pro that offers the basics of desktop virtualization To create a VM in VMware Workstation Player, you use a wizard that is nearly identical to the one in VMware Workstation Pro − It includes an option to download a virtual appliance, which is a ready-to-use VM that contains a guest OS with preconfigured applications or network services − A good option for new virtualization users and for classroom and training centers ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12 Using VMware Workstation Player (2 of 2) ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 13  Using VirtualBox (1 of 2) VirtualBox can be installed on Windows, macOS, Linux, and Solaris hosts and supports a wide range of Windows, Linux, and other guest OSs VMs are created using a wizard that walks you through the process of selecting the guest OS and the VM’s hard disk and RAM configuration − The VirtualBox user interface consists of a console where you can create VMs and view the status of all VMs ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 14  Using VirtualBox (2 of 2) ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 15  Knowledge Check 1 Which of the following implements OS virtualization by being installed in a general-purpose host OS and the host OS accesses host hardware on behalf of the guest OS? − A) hosted virtualization − B) virtual disk − C) type 1 hypervisor − D) bare-metal hypervisor ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 16  Knowledge Check 1: Answer Which of the following implements OS virtualization by being installed in a general-purpose host OS and the host OS accesses host hardware on behalf of the guest OS? A) hosted virtualization ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 17  Bare-Metal Virtualization Bare-metal virtualization products use a type 1 hypervisor and are targeted mainly for production virtualization in datacenters They are installed directly on hardware and have more stringent host machine requirements They offer more features for managing VMs than hosted virtualization − These products are a little more complicated to install and use as well ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 18 Bare-Metal Virtualization Applications (1 of 2) Consolidate servers − Retire old or unreliable hardware − Make optimal use of multicore, high-performance servers − Maintain application separation − Reclaim rack or floor space − Reduce cooling and power requirements Test installations and upgrades Test a preconfigured application ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 19 Bare-Metal Virtualization Applications (2 of 2) Test what-if scenarios Live migration − VMs can be migrated to new hardware while they’re running for performance and reliability improvements with practically no downtime Dynamic provisioning − Advanced VM management systems can deploy VMs and storage dynamically to meet application requirements ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 20  Bare-Metal Virtualization Products (1 of 2) Microsoft Hyper-V was introduced with Windows Server 2008 and can be installed as a server role − Acts as a management OS for VMs installed with Hyper-V − Supports advanced features, such as host server clustering and live migration − Requires a 64-bit CPU with virtualization extensions enabled on the host system − Microsoft provides virtual instances of the OS with no additional licensing fees − Hyper-V can be enabled in Windows 8 and later versions ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 21  Bare-Metal Virtualization Products (2 of 2) Citrix XenServer uses Linux as a management OS on the host − A XenServer host computer requires a 64-bit CPU with virtualization extensions to run Windows guest OSs VMware vSphere – includes VMware ESX Server, which is installed directly on the physical server without a management OS − Most configuration tasks are performed from a remote client OS using vSphere Client ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 22  Using Hyper-V (1 of 6) Hyper-V is Microsoft’s type 1 hypervisor that runs on both Windows Server and Windows 10 On Windows Server, you install Hyper-V from Server Manager using the “Turn Windows features on or off” tool If you use Hyper-V Server, you must install the Hyper-V Manager console on another computer to create and manage VMs on the server You need to create one or more virtual switches to begin creating and managing VMs ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 23  Using Hyper-V (2 of 6) A Hyper-V virtual switch can be one of three types: − External − Internal − Private VMs that provide a service to users on the physical network are typically configured to use an external virtual switch ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 24  Using Hyper-V (3 of 6) Creating Virtual Switches in Hyper-V − In Hyper-V Manager, you create a virtual switch by clicking Virtual Switch Manager, selecting the type of switch you want to create, and clicking Create Virtual Switch − After a virtual switch is created, you can connect new and existing VMs to it ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 25  Using Hyper-V (4 of 6) The process of creating a VM: − 1. Start the New Virtual Machine Wizard in Hyper-V Manager − 2. Give the new VM a descriptive name − 3. Choose a location for the VM − 4. Choose a generation 1 or generation 2 VM − 5. Assign the amount of memory the VM requires − 6. Configure networking − 7. Create a virtual hard disk − 8. Install an OS ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 26  Using Hyper-V (5 of 6) You can perform the following management actions: − Connect − Settings − Start − Checkpoint − Move − Export ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 27  Using Hyper-V (6 of 6) You can perform the following management actions (continued): − Rename − Delete − Enable Replication ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 28  Using VMware vSphere (1 of 5) VMware vSphere is a type 1 hypervisor that is similar to Hyper-V − It is based on the VMware ESXi hypervisor ESXi has a simple text-based menu interface that you use to configure basic settings such as IP address and host name ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 29  Using VMware vSphere (2 of 5) You can access the management interface from a Web browser on another computer − VMware calls this interface the vSphere Web Client − Lets you manage aspects of the physical computer ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 30  Using VMware vSphere (3 of 5) Networking with vSphere − By default, a virtual switch called vSwitch0 is created upon initial installation of ESXi and associated with a physical NIC − You need a minimum of two port groups: one for the management network and one for the VM traffic − The ESXi installation process creates two default port groups named Management Network and VM Network ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 31  Using VMware vSphere (4 of 5) Creating VMs in vSphere − From the vSphere Web Client, click Create/Register VM and use the wizard to guide you through the steps  1. Assign a name and choose the guest OS  2. Choose the datastore to store the VM configuration and virtual disks  3. Choose hardware options − Once the VM is created, you can select it in the vSphere Web Client and power it on ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 32 Using VMware vSphere (5 of 5) ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 33  Application Virtualization Whole-system virtualization allows you to run an OS in a VM that is totally different from the OS running on the host − This type of virtualization is often used to isolate a single application from the host for testing purposes or when multiple instances of the same application must run on one host To mitigate resource overhead required for whole-system virtualization, many cloud providers are turning to application virtualization in the form of containers ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 34  Containers A container is a virtualized software environment in which an application can run but is isolated from the rest of the OS and other applications “Containerized” applications have their own copy of critical OS structures like the registry, file system, and network configuration Container virtualization is available in most Linux distributions and starting with Windows Server 2016 − Both use a container management platform called Docker ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 35  Windows Sandbox (1 of 2) Windows Sandbox is a feature available with Windows Pro and Enterprise that provides a temporary isolated environment in which to run an application − It is built on containers technology − It is a desktop OS feature primarily designed to allow you to test an application to make sure it will not interfere with any existing applications Sandbox can be installed on a physical machine or a VM You install it from the Windows Features control panel applet ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 36  Windows Sandbox (2 of 2) Sandbox is essentially a lightweight VM based on the Windows 10 OS it is running on It looks like a full VM, but it is actually sharing much of the host OS that is loaded into RAM Once running, you can copy and paste an application into the Sandbox window and install it ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 37  Cloud Computing (1 of 2) Cloud computing is a networking model in which data, applications, and processing power are managed by servers on the Internet − Users of resources pay for what they use rather than for the equipment and software needed to provide the resources Benefits: − Reduced physical plant costs − Reduced upfront costs − Reduced personnel costs ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 38  Cloud Computing (2 of 2) There are three main categories of cloud computing: − Software as a service − Platform as a service − Infrastructure as a service The phrase as a service means the resource resides on another server or network from the one using the resource ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 39  Software as a Service SaaS is also called hosted applications or on-demand applications − The best-known examples are Google Apps and Microsoft Office 365 It is usually offered as a subscription based on the number of users Customers can take advantage of new software editions much faster SaaS is available anywhere the customer has a connection to the Internet ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 40  Platform as a Service PaaS is also called hosted platform and is similar to SaaS, but the customer develops applications with the service provider’s tools and infrastructure − The customer develops and owns the application and then delivers it to a third party The most common PaaS products are: − Salesforce.com’s Apex, Azure for Windows, Google’s AppEngine for Python and Java, WaveMaker for Ajax, and Engine Yard for Ruby on Rails ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 41  Infrastructure as a Service IaaS is also called hosted infrastructure; it allows a company to use storage or entire virtual servers If a customer needs another 100 GB of storage space, they can pay for the space without worrying about how that space is actually provided If a customer needs another server, they pay for the amount of processing and storage the additional server actually requires − Customers rent the resources they are using but are responsible for application installations and upgrades ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 42  Private Cloud versus Public Cloud Public cloud services − Cloud services are delivered by a third-party provider Private cloud services − When a company delivers cloud services to its own employees through the use of virtualization technologies − Deployed from the company’s own datacenter − Examples of virtualization technologies:  VMware and Microsoft Hyper-V ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 43  Knowledge Check 2 Which of the following is a virtualized software environment in which an application can run but is isolated from the rest of the OS and other applications? − A) software as a service (SaaS) − B) cloud computing − C) container − D) Hyper-V ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 44  Knowledge Check 2: Answer Which of the following is a virtualized software environment in which an application can run but is isolated from the rest of the OS and other applications? C) container ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 45  Summary (1 of 2) Virtualization is a process that creates a software environment to emulate a computer’s hardware and BIOS, allowing multiple OSs to run on the same physical computer at the same time Virtualization can be divided into two categories: hosted and bare-metal virtualization Hosted virtualization products are installed on a desktop OS and include VMware Workstation and VirtualBox Bare-metal virtualization products are targeted mainly for production virtualization in datacenters ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 46  Summary (2 of 2) To mitigate the resource overhead required for whole-system virtualization, many cloud providers and datacenters are turning to application virtualization in the form of containers Windows Sandbox is a feature available with Windows 10 Pro and Enterprise that is built on containers technology Cloud computing is a networking model in which data, applications, and processing power are managed by servers on the Internet ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 47