Vets2008 Clinical Female Reproduction.pdf

Clinical Female Anatomy & Physiology Dr Jodilee Penn BAppSc BVSc (hons) – Theriogenology Resident [email protected] or [email protected] Overview Review Clinical Anatomy and Physiology Female Sterilization Breeding Soundness Examination Artificial Insemination...

Clinical Female Anatomy & Physiology Dr Jodilee Penn BAppSc BVSc (hons) – Theriogenology Resident [email protected] or [email protected] Overview Review Clinical Anatomy and Physiology Female Sterilization Breeding Soundness Examination Artificial Insemination - IVF/ET/Cloning 2 cell, 2 gonadotropin model Female Sterilization Surgical Methods - Ovariohysterectomy - Ovariectomy - Ovary-Sparing Spey / Hysterectomy - Tubal Ligation Hormone-Preserving Sterilization Chemical Methods  Deslorelin implant Melatonin implant (queens) - 4.7mg (6 mth) and 9.6mg (12 mth) - 10mg and 15mg implant - variable duration of effect - variable duration of effect but safe for reproduction - agonist/antagonist effect - binds to GnRH receptors and causes a flare-up Other methods effect, then saturates receptors and downregulates - kisspeptin, GnRH vaccines, fibrotic agents GnRH receptors, supressing FSH and LH release - contra-indicated in bitches, used in queens with less flare-up effect Breeding Soundness Exam Breeding Soundness Exam History Physical exam Focus on reproductive exam Ø Vulvar confirmation/vaginal exam Ø Cervix Ø Uterine and ovarian health Ø Laboratory test Artificial Insemination Transvaginal Insemination Catheter inserted in cranial vagina Used for fresh semen Can be used for chilled semen Trans-Cervical Intrauterine Insemination Endoscope used to visualise the cervix; catheter passed through into uterus Used for fresh, chilled, or frozen semen Surgical Intrauterine Insemination Midline laparotomy to expose uterus, catheter inserted into the lumen of each horn Requires anaesthesia Used for fresh, chilled, or frozen semen Embryo Transfer A donor is selected. Usually synchronized and superovulated. Bred naturally or by AI. The embryos are removed from the uterus by flushing prior to attachment and assessed for quality and developmental stage. Embryos of good quality are transferred to synchronized recipient cows – either fresh or frozen/thawed – so that the embryo is synchronized with the recipient! Transfer to recipient can be either surgical or transcervical. In vitro Fertilization (IVF) Fertilization in vitro (IVF); using matured oocytes and sperm cells in vitro. Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI); using matured oocytes and one sperm cell selected and directly injected into the oocyte. Unsuccessful in most animals, but used in humans since the 1990’s. - Successful in horses After successful fertilization and culture (IVF/IVC) the embryo can then be transferred in a small volume of handling medium into the recipient or studied in vitro. QUESTIONS?