VEM007 Student Activity Sheet #1 PDF

Course Code: VEM007 Student Activity Sheet #1 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________...

Course Code: VEM007 Student Activity Sheet #1 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ Materials: Yourself, Pen, Paper, Reference, Lesson Title: Desktop/Laptop/Cellphone History of Animal Breeding and Genetics References: - Bondoc, Orville L. 2010. Animal Breeding: Lesson Objectives: Principles and Practice in the Philippine Context. 1. To know the history of Animal Domestication UP Press. Quezon City, Philippines and Genetics - Stufflebeam, Charles E. 1989. Genetics of Domestic Animals. Prentice Hall. Philadelphia, USA. - Turner, Jacky. 2010. Animal Breeding, Welfare and Society. Earth Scan Publishing. London, UK. - Weller, Joel Ira. 1994. Economic Aspects of Animal Breeding. Chapman-Hall Productivity Tip: Use your time wisely. A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW 1) Introduction (2 mins) Welcome to Animal Breeding and Genetics. We will discuss first the history of Animal Domestication and the science of Genetics. 2) Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1 (3 mins) Please answer the WHAT I KNOW Column for now; answer the WHAT I LEARNED Column later. What I Know Questions: What I Learned (Activity 4) 1. Who is the Father of Genetics? 2. What were the first livestock species to be domesticated by humans? 3. Are cats really domesticated? This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: VEM007 Student Activity Sheet #1 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ B. MAIN LESSON Activity 2: Content Notes (13 mins) I. Domestication - Latin: Domesticus- “of the home” - Process whereby a population of living organisms is changed at the genetic level, through generations of selective breeding, to accentuate traits that ultimately benefits the interests of the humans (Diamond, 1999) A. Animals are considered DOMESTICATED 1. They are kept for a distinct purpose 2. Humans has control of their breeding 3. Their survival depends on humans 4. They develop traits that are not found in the wild B. Animals that are domesticated a. Dog (Canis familiaris) -» 10,000-20,000 years ago, or probably longer - Purpose: hunting, guarding, ate scraps, food b. Sheep (Ovis aries) - » 11,000-15,000 years ago - Southeast Europe, Central Asia - Purpose: Wool and meat, lanolin (An oil derived from sheep that is use as an emollient in lotions, soaps and lip balms - Only species of livestock that would unable to return to the wild due to selective breeding c. Cattle (Bos taurus/Bos indicus) - » 10,000-15,000 years ago - Russia and the Middle East - Purpose: Meat, Milk, Leather, Draft This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: VEM007 Student Activity Sheet #1 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ d. Goats (Capra hircus) - »9,000-12,000 years ago - Purpose: Meat, Milk, Luxury fibres (Cashmere) - Mediterranean, Middle East, North Africa - Quick to revert to a wild state than other domesticated animals (Mitcham & Mitcham, 2006) e. Pigs (Sus scrofa/Sus vittatus) - » 5,000-9,000 years ago - Middle East - Purpose: Meat - Most likely raised by settled communities due to difficulty in moving long distance. f. Horses (Equus caballus) - »5,0000 years ago - Eastern Europe, Western Asia, Mongolia, Siberia - Purpose: Meat, Milk, Pack, Draft g. Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) -» 3,400 years ago - China and Southeast Asia - Ancestor: Red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) - Purpose: Meat and Egg II. Animal Breeding - Practiced by humans following intuitive criteria, less efficient than the scientific ones, but criteria that had provide success along many generations of selection. (Blasco) “We cannot suppose that all the breeds were suddenly produced as perfect and as useful as we see how them: indeed, in several cases, we know that this has not been their history. The key is man’s power of accumulative selection: nature gives successive variations; man adds them up in certain directions useful to him. In this sense, he may be said to make for himself useful breeds.” - Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species (1859,p30) This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: VEM007 Student Activity Sheet #1 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ III. Genetics A. Before Mendel 1. Hippocrates (460-370 BC) - Father of medicine - Each part of the body produces something (Gemmules, according to Darwin) which is collected by the semen. - Basis of heredity since they develop into the characters of the offspring - Rebuffed by Aristotle 2. Kölreuter, Joseph Gottlieb (1733-1806) - Physician - Plant hybrids using tobacco 3. De Maupertuis, Pierre-Louis Moreau (1698-1759) - Reported polydactylism, discussed albinism in man and color patterns in dogs - Developed Theory of Heredity similar to Darwin 4. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) - Pangenesis, which similar to Hippocrates’ theory. - “Gemmules” that each part of the body produces will be collected in the germ cells. - On the Origin of Species - The Variation in Animals and Plants Under Domestication B. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - Father of Genetics - Published “Experiments in Plant Hybridization” in 1866 - The book laid out the basic theory of genetics - Widely ignored until 1900. C. Post- Mendel Timeline  1900: Robert Correns, Hugo de Vries, Erich von Tschermak rediscovered Mendel’s work.  1902: Archibald Garrod discovered alkaptonuria in humans is a genetic disease. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: VEM007 Student Activity Sheet #1 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________  1904: Gregory Bateson coined the word “GENETICS” and discovered linkage between genes.  1910: Thomas Hunt Morgan proved that the genes are located in the chromosomes using Drosophila (fruit fly).  1918: R. A. Fischer began the study of quantitative genetics by partitioning phenotypic variance into a genetic and environmental component.  1926: Hermann J. Muller showed X-ray can induce mutation.  1944: Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty showed that DNA is the hereditary material using bacteria.  1953: James Watson and Francis Crick determined the molecular structure of the DNA. They won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1954.  1966: Marshall Nirenberg solved the genetic code showing that 3 DNA bases code for 1 amino acid.  1972: Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer performed the first DNA cloning by combining DNA from 2 different species in vitro, then transform it into bacterial cells.  1996: Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell performed the first somatic cell nuclear transfer in mammals using sheep. The clone was named: Dolly.  2001: Sequence of the entire human genome was announced. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: VEM007 Student Activity Sheet #1 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ Activity 3: Skill-building Activities A. If Hippocrates is the Father of Medicine and Gregor Mendel has been acknowledged as the Father of Genetics, who is the Father of Veterinary Medicine? B. There has been an outcry of giving the person to credit to where it is rightfully due. According to some accounts, it was not Watson and Crick who discovered the form of the DNA, but a lady from the same institution where Watson and Creek belong to. Who is this lady? C. In the latest development of genetics, it turned out that the DNA is only a double-helix. Kindly post any link to an article regarding this development below. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: VEM007 Student Activity Sheet #1 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ Activity 4: What I Know Chart, part 2 (2 mins) Kindly fill up the what I Learned Column from Activity 1. Activity 5: Check for Understanding (5 mins) 1. Who stipulated that gamma rays from the X-ray machine can cause genetic mutation? 2. The only animal domesticated by man who does not have any capabilities in reverting back to its wild side. 3. This species of livestock was domesticated by the sole purpose of meat only. 4. What was the name of the sheep clone the first cloned animal using somatic cells, instead of sex cells? 5. Which species of flies did Thomas Hunt Morgan used in experiment where he discovered that genes are located in the chromosomes? This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: VEM007 Student Activity Sheet #1 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________ C. LESSON WRAP-UP 1) Activity 6: Thinking about Learning (5 mins) Kindly list your questions below. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION