Vasculature of the Upper Limb PDF 2024

VASCULATURE OF THE UPPER LIMB DR. ERDEM SÖZTUTAR ARTERIES Arteries carry blood from the heart to the distal organs The main artery of the human body is aorta After leaving the heart aorta arches to the left side (Arch of aorta) Arch of aorta has 3 branches Brachiocephalic trunk Left common carotid a...

VASCULATURE OF THE UPPER LIMB DR. ERDEM SÖZTUTAR ARTERIES Arteries carry blood from the heart to the distal organs The main artery of the human body is aorta After leaving the heart aorta arches to the left side (Arch of aorta) Arch of aorta has 3 branches Brachiocephalic trunk Left common carotid artery Left subclavian artery ARTERIES The main artery of the human body is aorta After leaving the heart aorta arches to the left side (Arch of aorta) Arch of aorta has 3 branches Brachiocephalic trunk Brachiocephalic trunk divides into right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery Left common carotid artery Left subclavian artery ARTERIES Common carotid arteries Supply the head (with brain) and neck Subclavian arteries Supply the neck and upper limbs ARTERIES At the lateral border of the rib I, subclavian artery becomes axillary artery and passes through the axilla At the lower border of the teres major m. axillary artery becomes brachial artery ARTERIES At the lateral border of the rib I, subclavian artery becomes axillary artery and passes through the axilla At the lower border of the teres major m. axillary artery becomes brachial artery ARTERIES 1st part – proximal to the pectoralis minor One branch (sup. thoracic a.) 2nd part – posterior to the pectoralis minor Two branches (thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic aa.) 3rd part is distal to the pectoralis minor m. Three branches (subscapular; anterior circumflex humeral and posterior circumflex humeral aa.) ARTERIES 1st part of the axillary a. Superior thoracic a. A small artery that supplies the upper regions of the medial and anterior axillary walls ARTERIES 2nd part of the axillary a. Thoraco-acromial a. A short artery that originates from the superior border of the pectoralis minor m. Penetrates the clavipectoral fascia Divides into four branches; Pectoral Deltoid Acromial Clavicular Supplies the anterior axillary wall ARTERIES 2nd part of the axillary a. Thoraco-acromial a. A short artery that originates from the superior border of the pectoralis minor m. Penetrates the clavipectoral fascia Divides into four branches; Pectoral Deltoid Acromial Clavicular Supplies the anterior axillary wall ARTERIES 2nd part of the axillary a. Lateral thoracic a. Originates from the inferior border of the pectoralis minor m. Supplies the anterior and medial axillary walls In women branches contribute to the supply of the breast ARTERIES 2nd part of the axillary a. Lateral thoracic a. Originates from the inferior border of the pectoralis minor m. Supplies the anterior and medial axillary walls In women branches contribute to the supply of the breast ARTERIES 2nd part of the axillary a. Lateral thoracic a. Originates from the inferior border of the pectoralis minor m. Supplies the anterior and medial axillary walls In women branches contribute to the supply of the breast ARTERIES 3rd part of the axillary a. Subscapular a. Largest branch of the axillary a. Major blood supply to the posterior axillary wall Divides into two terminal branches; Circumflex scapular a. Thoracodorsal a. Contributes to the vascular supply of the posterior and medial walls of the axilla ARTERIES 3rd part of the axillary a. Subscapular a. Largest branch of the axillary a. Major blood supply to the posterior axillary wall Divides into two terminal branches; Circumflex scapular a. Thoracodorsal a. Contributes to the vascular supply of the posterior and medial walls of the axilla ARTERIES 3rd part of the axillary a. Subscapular a. Divides into two terminal branches; Circumflex scapular a. Passes through the triangular space Enters the infraspinous fossa Thoracodorsal a. ARTERIES 3rd part of the axillary a. Subscapular a. Divides into two terminal branches; Circumflex scapular a. Passes through the triangular space Enters the infraspinous fossa Thoracodorsal a. ARTERIES 3rd part of the axillary a. Anterior circumflex humeral a. Passes anterior to the surgical neck of the humerus and anastomoses with the posterior circumflex humeral a. Posterior circumflex humeral a. Passes through the quadrangular space Curves around the surgical neck of the humerus ARTERIES 3rd part of the axillary a. Anterior circumflex humeral a. Passes anterior to the surgical neck of the humerus and anastomoses with the posterior circumflex humeral a. Posterior circumflex humeral a. Passes through the quadrangular space Curves around the surgical neck of the humerus ARTERIES 3rd part of the axillary a. Posterior circumflex humeral a. Passes through the quadrangular space Curves around the surgical neck of the humerus Runs with the axillary nerve ARTERIES Brachial a. Main artery of the arm Found in the anterior compartment Continuation of the axillary artery (at the lower border of the teres major m.) Terminates just distal to the elbow joint Divides into the radial and ulnar aa. ARTERIES Brachial a. Main artery of the arm Found in the anterior compartment Continuation of the axillary artery (at the lower border of the teres major m.) Terminates just distal to the elbow joint Divides into the radial and ulnar aa. ARTERIES Brachial a. Branches of the brachial a.; Humeral nutrient a. Supplies the medullary cavity of the humerus Superior and inferior ulnar collateral artery Supply the elbow joint ARTERIES Profunda brachii a. Largest branch of the brachial a. Passes through the triangular interval and radial groove Passes to the posterior compartment and supplies that region Terminates as dividing into radial and middle collateral arteries (that supply the elbow joint) ARTERIES Profunda brachii a. Largest branch of the brachial a. Passes through the triangular interval and radial groove (runs with radial nerve) Passes to the posterior compartment and supplies that region ARTERIES Profunda brachii a. Largest branch of the brachial a. Passes through the triangular interval and radial groove Passes to the posterior compartment and supplies that region Terminates as dividing into radial and middle collateral arteries (that supply the elbow joint) ARTERIES Brachial a. Enters to the cubital fossa At the apex of the cubital fossa brachial artery bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries ARTERIES Radial a. Passes along the lateral aspect of the forearm Just deep to the brachioradialis m. ARTERIES Radial a. Passes along the lateral aspect of the forearm Just deep to the brachioradialis m. Passes around the lateral side of the wrist Passes through the floor of the anatomical snuffbox Passes between the metacarpals I and II Ends as deep palmar arch of the hand ARTERIES Radial a. Radial recurrent a. Contributes to an anastomotic network around the elbow joint ARTERIES Radial a. Superficial palmar branch Anastomoses with the superficial palmar arch formed by the ulnar a. Palmar carpal branch Supplies the carpal bones and joints ARTERIES Radial a. Passes along the lateral aspect of the forearm Just deep to the brachioradialis m. Passes around the lateral side of the wrist Passes through the floor of the anatomical snuffbox Passes between the metacarpals I and II Ends as deep palmar arch of the hand ARTERIES Radial a. Passes along the lateral aspect of the forearm Just deep to the brachioradialis m. Passes around the lateral side of the wrist Passes through the floor of the anatomical snuffbox Passes between the metacarpals I and II Ends as deep palmar arch of the hand ARTERIES Radial a. Before penetrating the back of the hand the radial a. gives rise to; Dorsal carpal arch Gives rise to three dorsal metacarpal aa. Dorsal metacarpal aa. divide into smaller dorsal digital aa. First dorsal metacarpal aa. ARTERIES Radial a. Deep to the adductor pollicis m. radial a. gives rise two branches; Princeps pollicis a. Main blood supply of the thumb Radialis indicis a. Supplies the lateral side of the index finger ARTERIES Deep palmar arch Radial a. passes between the two heads of the adductor pollicis m. and becomes deep palmar arch On the medial side of the palm communicates with the deep palmar branch of the ulnar a. ARTERIES Deep palmar arch Palmar metacarpal aa. (3) Three palmar metacarpal aa. join the common palmar digital aa. from the superficial palmar arch Perforating aa. (3) Pass posteriorly Anastomose with the dorsal metacarpal aa. from the dorsal carpal arch ARTERIES Ulnar a. Passes along the medial aspect of the forearm Larger than the radial a. ARTERIES Ulnar a. Anterior ulnar recurrent a. Contributes to an anastomotic network around the elbow joint Posterior ulnar recurrent a. Contributes to an anastomotic network around the elbow joint ARTERIES Ulnar a. Common interosseous a. Anterior interosseous a. Supplies the deep compartment of the forearm Perforating branches supplies the posterior compartment Terminates by joining the posterior interosseous a. Posterior interosseous a. Supplies the deep compartment of the forearm ARTERIES Ulnar a. Common interosseous a. Anterior interosseous a. Supplies the deep compartment of the forearm Perforating branches supplies the posterior compartment Terminates by joining the posterior interosseous a. Posterior interosseous a. Supplies the deep compartment of the forearm ARTERIES Ulnar a. Common interosseous a. Anterior interosseous a. Supplies the deep compartment of the forearm Perforating branches supplies the posterior compartment Terminates by joining the posterior interosseous a. Posterior interosseous a. Supplies the deep compartment of the forearm ARTERIES Ulnar a. Deep palmar artery Accesses the deep plane of the palm and anastomoses with the deep palmar arch formed by the radial a. ARTERIES Ulnar a. Superficial palmar arch Superficial to the flexor tendons Palmar digital a. of the little finger Three common palmar digital aa. Common palmar digital aa. divide into proper palmar digital aa. ARTERIES VEINS Veins carry blood from organs back to the heart Veins are classified as superficial and deep veins Deep veins – typically have an artery with the same name close by. Sometimes 2 deep veins run along with the artery Superficial veins – Located in the superficial fascia. These veins are not paired with an artery VEINS Veins carry blood from organs back to the heart Veins are classified as superficial and deep veins Deep veins – typically have an artery with the same name close by. Sometimes 2 deep veins run along with the artery VEINS The hand contains interconnected networks of deep and superficial veins Deep veins follow the arteries Palmar digital vv. Palmar metacarpal vv. Deep palmar venous arch  Radial vv. Superficial palmar venous arch  Ulnar vv. Radial vv. + Ulnar vv.  Brachial vv. Brachial vv. + Basilic v.  Axillary v. VEINS The hand contains interconnected networks of deep and superficial veins Superficial veins originate from the dorsal venous network (on the back of the hand) Cephalic vein originates from the lateral side of the dorsal venous network Cephalic vein passes over the anatomical snuffbox Basilic vein originates from the medial side of the dorsal venous network VEINS The hand contains interconnected networks of deep and superficial veins Superficial veins originate from the dorsal venous network (on the back of the hand) Cephalic vein originates from the lateral side of the dorsal venous network Cephalic vein passes over the anatomical snuffbox Basilic vein originates from the medial side of the dorsal venous network VEINS The hand contains interconnected networks of deep and superficial veins Superficial veins originate from the dorsal venous network (on the back of the hand) Cephalic vein originates from the lateral side of the dorsal venous network Cephalic vein passes over the anatomical snuffbox Basilic vein originates from the medial side of the dorsal venous network VEINS Superficial veins: Basilic vein runs on the medial side of the forearm Cephalic vein runs on the lateral side of the forearm At the roof of the cubital fossa, in the superficial fascia, the median cubital vein connects the cephalic and basilic veins Medial cubital vein is the most common site for drawing blood VEINS Deep veins Axillary vein passes through the axilla Becomes the subclavian vein as it crosses the lateral border of rib I VEINS Superficial veins Cephalic vein passes into the clavipectoral triangle (between the deltoid, pectoralis major and clavicle) Cephalic vein pierces the clavipectoral fascia and joins the axillary vein VEINS Superficial veins Cephalic vein passes into the clavipectoral triangle (between the deltoid, pectoralis major and clavicle) Cephalic vein pierces the clavipectoral fascia and joins the axillary vein VEINS Superficial veins Cephalic vein passes into the clavipectoral triangle (between the deltoid, pectoralis major and clavicle) Cephalic vein pierces the clavipectoral fascia and joins the axillary vein VEINS Subclavian vein (blood from upper limb) unites with internal jugular vein (blood from head and neck) to form Brachiocephalic vein VEINS Right and left brachiocephalic veins join together to form  Superior vena cava Superior vena cava drains into the right atrium of the heart Thank you…