Cystic Fibrosis and Other Pediatric Conditions PDF

Cystic fibrosis and the Gl system Cysticfibrosis CF is a major worldwide cause of serious chronic lung disease in children the thickened secretions prevent the digestive enzymes fromflowing to the GI tract resulting in poor absorption of food general growth failure Care of a...

Cystic fibrosis and the Gl system Cysticfibrosis CF is a major worldwide cause of serious chronic lung disease in children the thickened secretions prevent the digestive enzymes fromflowing to the GI tract resulting in poor absorption of food general growth failure Care of a child during a laryngeal spasm humidifier must beemptied and cleaned daily child can be taken into the bathroom where hot water in shower is turned on to T humidity i child may need nebulizer therapy Treatment for streptococcus why it is so important penicillin is administeredorally for 10 days erythromycin can be prescribed if child is allergic to penicillin j acetaminophen can betaken for soreness if child is oldenough to gargle warm water salt solution treatment is important to prevent serious comps rheumatic fever glomerulonephritis peri tonsillar abscess otitis media mastoiditis meningitis osteomyelitis ou pneumonia Diagnosis and manifestations of asthma and CF history physicalexamination response to broncho dilator therapy T levels of eosinophils in blood sputum RAST exercise testing i pulmonary functiontests Manifestations cough wheezing difficulty chin chest or neck itches i signs of air hunger orthopnea restlessness perspiration T pulse RR of CF tears sinus it us  I salty saliva chronic cough cyanosis salty sweat dyspnea wheezing heat prostration barrel chest obstructed pancreas distended abdomen deficiency in enzymes poordigestion rectal prolapse large foul smelling stools meconium ileus newborns finger clubbing toe clubbing atrophy of thighs buttocks Care of a child during an acute asthma attack child is positionedcomfortably pillow is placed on over bed table and child's arms are extended over it elbows bent Oa administered if needed per protocol Appropriate PO fluids given to an asthmatic child NO carbonated beverages while child is wheezing be vs are served room temp because cold liquids can trigger reflex broncho spasm milk products avoided becausethey T production of mucus Diet and asthma well balanced diet w adequatefluids Mediterranean diet antiinflammatory may d asthmasymptoms antioxidant foods may help lower asthma symptoms diet that maintains weight Back to sleep SIDS parents were actively urged to place their babies on their backs to sleep Laryngotracheo bronchitis manifestations edema destruction of respiratory cilia exudate barking or brassycough stridordevelops or worsen the symptoms  I 9 Nursing care for asthmatics who use powdered steroids what to prevent child should rinse mouth after use to prevent oral candidiasis Smoke inhalation injury and carbon monoxide poisoning Smoke inhalation may cause carbon monoxide poisoning i poisonous substances inhaled from burningmaterialmay causepathological disturbance stages pulmonaryinsufficiency first le hours Pulmonary edema from 6 72 hours bronchopneumonia after 72 hours which  may cause atelectasis Bronchopulmonary dysplasia prevention prevention of preterm births is the best way to prevent BPD Ventricular septal defect blood flow presentation and heart sounds increased pressure within the left ventricle forces blood back into the right ventricle left to right shunt loud harsh murmur w systolic thrill is heard Coa rotation of the aorta blood pressure pulses and blood pressure will differ in the upper and lower extremities t pressure distally Tetralogy of Fallot the squattingposition allows the child to breathe more easilybecause systemic venous return is T Clubbingis a sign of hypoxia Symptoms of digoxintoxicity remember children may havedifficultytelling you how they feel be observant nauseavomiting anorexia irregularity in rate rhythm of the pulse and sudden change in pulse How are ASD hypoplastic left heart syndrome related patent foramen ovale andductus arteriosus provide a pathway for oxygenatedbloodto the generalbody system Treatment for rheumatic fever antibacterial and mental rest  relief of pain and fever management of cardiac failure penicillin or amoxicillin given for 10 day period A noninvasivediagnostictest that determines if heart is structurally normal echocardiogram Anemia and diet boiled eggyolk liver leafygreenvegetables cream of wheat dried fruit apricotspeaches prunes raisins dry beans crushed nuts whole grain bread Hemophilia A manifestations remember RICE anemia leukocytesis moderateT in of platelets signs of shock i spontaneous hematuria j severe headache vomiting disorientation may reflect cranial bleeding j RICE rest ice compression elevation Treatment and nursing care of sickle celldisease analgesics are provided to relieve pain i many efforts are made to combatdehydration and pain prevention of infection and prevention of dehydration are importantgoals Genetics and sickle cell chances this severe form of sickle cell diseaseresults when the abnormality is inherited from bothparents each offspring has a one in four chance of inheriting the disease Hem siderosis thedeposit of iron into organs and tissues in the body j is a complication of thalassemia The result of an overproduction of immature white blood cells pathophysiology although WBC count can be very high the cells are immature and do not function as healthy WBCs to fight infection T susceptibility to infection Care of a child recieving a transfusion nurse should positivelyidentify donor and recipient blood types and groups on labels and the patients chart together w another licensed professional if bloodtransfusion occurs stopthe infusion  eel l I w e and notify the charge nurse i take pts vital signs and observeclosely Treatment and nursing care chemotherapy bone marrow suppressionmakes it essential for the family to be taught infectionprevention neutropenia may require protective isolation precautions Leukemia questions about death from a child encourage the child the verbalize feelings the pediatric nurse who encouragespatients to discuss their concerns will find opportunities to clearupmisconceptions and t children's feelings of isolation Peripheralneuropathy andconstipation peripheralneuropathy may be signaled by severe constipationcaused by t nerve sensations to the bowel Hemophilia A pathophysiology transmission hemophilia is inherited a a sex linked recessive trait it is determined sex linkedbecause the defectivegene is located on the X or female chromosome What occurs with untreated iron deficiency anemia untreated iron deficiency anemia progressslowly and in severe cases the heart musclebecomes too weak to function i if this happens heart failure follows RSV transmission spreadthrough directcontact w respiratorysecretions usually by contaminated hands to the mucus membranes eyes mouth nose j survives more than 6 hours on countertops tissues soap bars not airborne incubation 2 8 days i reinfection common in hospitalplacedon transmission based contact isolationprecautions to preventspread Tonsillectomy postoperative care to facilitate drainageimmediately after surgery the child is placedpartly on the side partly on the abdomen with the knee of the uppermostleg flexed to hold the position child is watched carefully for evidence of bleeding such as t in resp restlessness frequent from  g blood that may be tricklingdown the back of child's throat or vomiting of bright red blood Kawasaki disease causes causes inflammation of the vessels in the cardiovascularsystem inflammation weakens the walls of the vessels and often results in an aneurysm Asthmatic children and sports Swimming is best tolerated probably because of the high humidity in the air inhaled and the of air underwater is similar to  5 1 lip exhaling baseball short sprints and gymnastics are well tolerated because the activity is intense but short Sinusitis symptoms in children tooth pain upper respiratory infection lasting longer than 10 days w a daytime cough halitosis periorbital cellulitis Epiglottis and H influenzae B manifestations Childinsists on sitting up leaning forward w mouth and drools saliva i anxious restless  frog like croaking sound i enlargedreddened edamousepiglottis What the child experiences w paroxysmalhypercyanotic episodes tet spells spontaneous cyanosisrespiratorydistress weakness syncope Congestive Heart Failure treatment and nursing care  I the workload of the heart improverespiration maintain proper nutrition i preventinfection reducethe anxiety ofthepatient support and instruct the parents