UTS-SEMIS-REVIEWER PDF

THE SPIRITUAL SELF 2 Fold Characterization of one's faith: Spiritual Healers 1. Belief - sets the foundation for one’s action - who use the spirit to diagnose and cure sick people. 2. Practice - which is the action/...

THE SPIRITUAL SELF 2 Fold Characterization of one's faith: Spiritual Healers 1. Belief - sets the foundation for one’s action - who use the spirit to diagnose and cure sick people. 2. Practice - which is the action/s which manifest the belief of the person. ➔ Belief in tikbalang, aswang, mangkukulam are intertwined in Christian faith in the Philippines. ➔ Our right to believe is unlimited by the constitution, but the practice of that belief is regulated Anitism ➔ Spiritual self will be cohesive in its belief and practice that one’s - worship of ancestors and made representation of their revered and belief is echoed in the actions. deceased ancestors in the form of Anito statues (carved wood) The Practice of Religion: Belief in Supernatural Being and Power Babaylan ➔ Debates on the existence of supernatural have existed long time ago - are men or women in Visayas and Mindanao who are healers, ➔ one cannot discount the impact one’s answer taken on the formation intercessors with local deities and keepers of herb-lore of the self. ➔ it can direct and serve as the guide for moral decisions and actions. The Concept of Spirit or Soul ➔ One’s identity of spiritual life is deeply tied to the center of their Dungan religion and worship - According to the babaylans, a living person has a “Dungan” inside ➔ Christians = image of God their body which gives life, animation and sensibilities - everything else is immaterial for as long as we follow God - can temporarily leave the body during sleep. If it does not return the ➔ Buddhism and Hinduism = reach Nirvana, that is the removal of person dies. desires and sufferings - no personal God but one should follow the path Buddha, Ginhawa and worship is done as a sign of respect rather than - another spirit that resides in a person and is responsible for the vital veneration. force ➔ Muslim = one who surrenders and submit to Allah and his laws. - God is Allah, Jesus is not considered as the Messiah but as Patulod a prophet - performed by the babaylan to help the soul of the deceased proceed ➔ Protestantism - salvation through Jesus Christ was deeply to the world of the dead. emphasized and one must be born-again ( accept Jesus Christ as the Lord and Savior) Pukaw - awakening of the soul of the dead performed by the babaylan as requested by the family of the dead person. Bathala - regarded as the Supreme creator of earth and man Atman (breath or soul) - sacrifices and prayers were offered by priests and shamans - In Hinduism, it is the universal eternal self of which each individual soul (jiva or jiva-atman) partakes Animism - form of worship to inanimate objects like trees, plants, sea or sun Mikss ♥  - Jiva Atman - eternal but imprisoned in the earthly body at 2. By experiencing something or encountering someone, experiencing birth but will be liberated into a new existence depending on positive things like goodness, truth, success, being loved. the karma 3. By the attitude we take toward unavoidable suffering ➔ Buddhism does not believe in individual self and for the Muslims, they believe the soul existed at the same time as the body The Self and Spirituality ➔ Spirituality can be a powerful toll for understanding and discovering Rituals the self as well as finding meaning in life - serves as a means of communication with the sacred for both individual and for community THE POLITICAL SELF FILIPINO CITIZEN Types of Rituals: ➔ Filipino identity is not easy to identify because of the rich culture Ground breaking ceremonies each set and subject of people living within the Philippines have Earth healing ceremonies ➔ History has shown us how Filipino identity has evolved from the Space clearing ritual pre-colonial period and the present Commercial dedication ritual Blessings Seeking the Filipino Identity Healing rituals ➔ Globalization threatens our national identity Fertility rituals ➔ Our resilience and adaptability made us embrace other people’s Prosperity rituals culture Marriage rituals ➔ Independence and the constitution given to us declared that we are Soul retrival Filipino citizen Purification According to the 1987 Philippine Constitution Art. 4 sec.1: - can take various forms, from physical cleansing of the body to 1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption complex meditation practices of this constitution. Invocation 2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines - invoking the powers being petitioned before performing purification 3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority, and Religion, Magic, Witchcraft 4. Those who are naturalized in accordance of law. Gayuma Magic - seen in how we have connected a certain performance of a ➔ There is a difference between citizenship and identity ritual to a specific result ➔ You may be a citizen of the Philippine as defined by the constitution Kulam / barang (Witchcraft) - refers to individuals who have an but in mind and heart are you a Filipino innate ability to do evil Albularyo Historical Background Democracy from theirs to ours FINDING AND CREATING MEANING IN LIFE - Philippine democracy is patterned after the American democracy 1. By creating a work or doing a deed since they were the ones who liberated us - True democracy is a rule coming from the people Mikss ♥  - the problem lies now in the lack of identity between the democratic - Another finding was the consensus regarding redistributive practice and the beliefs and practices of the Filipinos. democracy - The struggle for building a Filipino nation is a continuous process There is a clamor to have a better redistribution of resources - we are at a place in history where changes occurring in the society and capabilities particularly land, income and wealth has given the ordinary Filipino a venue for an expression of their belief that failure to redistribute these would be a great sentiments through social media hindrance in the true exercise of democracy. Filipino’s Role in a Democratic Setting 3 Things necessary to enjoy democracy FILIPINO CITIZENSHIP VS ME, FAMILY INSTITUTIONS CULTURAL 1. Maintenance of peace and order CITIZENSHIP 2. Protection of life, liberty and property 3. Promotion of general welfare. Characteristics of a Filipino citizen – must be honest, loyal to the larger ➔ The absence of those 3 may create a lack of empathy towards community, collective pride and identity. nationhood PHILIPPINE POLITICAL CULTURE – A PROBLEM OF VARIATION ➔ A major part of such a fulfillment is a general consensus coming from 2 Categories of community: Filipinos that: 1. Minority – they are culturally, ethnically, or racially distinct group the 1. We should be able to participate and be heard in the political coexists with but is subordinate to a more dominant group ( mostly process feel alienated ) 2. There must be consistency in the principles and policies 2. Majority – the dominant group ( influence of Catholics/Christians in declared in the constitution many aspect even in politics - Having a democracy means having, peace and order MOVEMENT TOWARDS THE COMMON GOOD. A PATH TO A DEFINED - But just as there are rights, there must also be duties POLITICAL SELF to be performed such as ISSUES TO FACE: Standing when the national anthem is 1. Lack of empathy towards others (as long as I am not affected) played, 2. Lack of community conscience (community vs family) Awareness of community affairs 3. Lack of national identity Payment of taxes 4. Sense of belonging and ownership of the community where you belong Study of Diokno (1997) 5. Protecting the community vs protecting individual - is that democracy is it is a process, fundamentally a way of life, a means of relation to other individuals, group and states, and a DEVELOPING A DEMOCRATIC CULTURE collective process of decision making in order to attain political 1. Respect for and affirmation of the individual – recognizing that every liberty, social justice and equity individual has inherent rights - Participative democracy is preferred over elite democracy. 2. Recognition of the inherent dignity of all human beings – treating - it was found that one of the missing ingredients in our democratic people with respect and dignity practice is the lack of concern towards common good. (ex. Common 3. Concern for public good – welfare of state together with the civil good of the nation vs common good of the local community vs rights common good of the family. ) 4. Willingness to listen to others. Mikss ♥ Filipino Identity is being a Filipino in mind and heart. ➔ establishment of a Democratic Culture requires the creation of a favorable environment for people to engage in democratic practices. Developing a Filipino Identity: Values, Traits, Community and Institutional Factors Culture plays a role in democracy and there are 2 main arguments regarding ➔ there is a great emphasis placed in maintaining social harmony and its impact. seeking social acceptance. 1. Primordialist – treat culture as something that is objective and ➔ “Kapwa” as a Filipino value has a strong influence for us Filipinos inherited, fixed, unchanging entity that can act as a barrier to - recognize a mutual sense of identity and consciousness and democracy thus influence our social behavior. 2. Constructivist – view culture as something constructed or invented, can change in response to social, economic, political actors. 3 Main Value Orientations Engendered by the Core Value of Kapwa 1. Filipinos love to connect, especially to people Cultures may not act as impenetrable barriers to democratization, but the 2. Filipinos like to experience the multidimensional wholeness of life speed at which culture changes can vary from culture to culture. 3. Filipinos are highly participatory The Self and Filipino Culture Some positive values we held important ➔ Through the lens of culture, the self is not only an individual entity ○ Family but is also intertwined with the collective, emphasizing the ○ Humor and positivity importance of harmonious relationships and social connections. ○ Adaptability and quick thinking ○ Religion and Spirituality ○ Hospitality ○ Bayanihan Negative Traits ○ Crab Mentality ○ Manana Habit ○ Bahala Na ○ Hypocrisy ○ Ningas Cogon ○ Filipino Time ○ Gossiping ○ Blaming others for mistakes ○ Ignoring / not following simple rules/regulations ○ Attention grabbing / Epal Establishing Democratic Culture ➔ Democratic culture refers to the active participation of individuals in the governance of public affairs that affect them Mikss ♥