Urinary & Renal Medications PDF

Urinary/Renal System Urinary CLASSIFICATION THERAPEUTIC MECHANISM OF ACTION ADVERSE EFFECTS DRUG EXEMPLARS USES Urinary Tract Treatment for Stimulates cholinergic receptors of the Cholinergi...

Urinary/Renal System Urinary CLASSIFICATION THERAPEUTIC MECHANISM OF ACTION ADVERSE EFFECTS DRUG EXEMPLARS USES Urinary Tract Treatment for Stimulates cholinergic receptors of the Cholinergic symptoms (flushing, bethanechol Stimulant urinary retention. GU tract causing: sweating, urinary urgency, N/V, (Urecholine) Post-op urinary a. relaxation of trigone muscle & hypotension) hesitancy. opening of urethral sphincter Promotes urination b. enhance detrusor muscle tone Cholinergic symptoms cause SLUDGE: and emptying of the which increases bladder pressure and Salivation, Lacrimation (excessive tear bladder more completely. creates strong urge to void. production), Urination, Defecation, GI upset, Emesis Urinary Tract Antispasmodic For control of Inhibits cholinergic receptors in the Related to blocking of the oxybutynin Anticholinergic overactive bladder bladder causing relaxation of detrusor parasympathetic system (Ditropan) (frequency, muscles. urgency, nocturia) These would be: dizziness, drowsiness, and anticholinergic symptoms: dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, nausea, blurred vision, tachycardia), anaphylaxis, angioedema, photosensitivity, hyperthermia Beta-3 adrenergic Treatment of Acts as selective beta 3 adrenergic. dizziness, headache, angioedema, Mirabegron agonist overactive bladder Increases bladder capacity by relaxing increased BP, tachycardia, constipation, (Myrbetriq) detusor smooth muscle during storage diarrhea, nausea, UTI, nasopharyngitis phase of bladder fill void cycle. Bladder Interstitial cystitis Adheres to the bladder wall mucosal Bleeding that may progress to Pentosan Protectant membrane and acts as a buffer to hemorrhage polysulfate sodium control cell permeability (Elmiron)  Prevents irritating solutes in the Headache, alopecia, GI disturbances urine from reaching the bladder wall cells Antibiotics Antibacterial Kills or reduces amount of pathogens Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, Fosfomycin treatment for UTI typical to UTI. bladder irritation, dysuria (Myonurol) sulfamethoxazole-tri Infrequent: blood dyscrasias, pruritus, methoprim urticaria, headache, dizziness, (Bactrim) nervousness, and confusion nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) ciprofloxacin (Cipro) Analgesic Treatment for Mechanism of action unknown. GI upset, headache, rash phenazopyridine symptoms of UTI: Provides local anesthetic to urinary Reddish-orange coloring of the (Pyridium) burning, pain, tract mucosa. urine, staining of contact lenses frequency, urgency Renal and hepatic toxicity Use of drug for longer than 2 days not recommended Peripherally-actin Urinary flow Blocks adrenergic receptors in the Dizziness, headache (due to hypostatic tamsulosin g Alpha symptoms prostate, causing relaxation of prostate and orthostatic hypotension, (Flomax) Adrenergic associated with smooth muscles and improved urine retrograde/diminished ejaculation, Blockers Benign Prostatic flow rhinitis (nasal congestion) Hyperplasia (BPH) 5-Alpha-reductas BPH Inhibits the enzyme 5-alpha reductase Gynecomastia (enlarged male breast), finasteride e Inhibitors / Baldness that converts testosterone to the form prostate cancer, decreased (Proscar) Androgen in which it enlarges the prostate. libido/volume of ejaculate, erectile inhibitor Overall effect is reduction in size of dysfunction/infertility, angioedema, prostate. breast cancer Renal Loop Pulmonary edema, Binds to the chloride transport channel dehydration, electrolyte imbalance furosemide (Lasix) edema related to: in the Loop of Henle, thus causing (hypokalemia, hyponatremia, heart failure, renal sodium, chloride, and potassium loss in hypotension, ototoxicity) or liver disease. urine and preventing reabsorption of hyperglycemia, rash, hypomagnesemia, Hypertension water hypovolemia, metabolic alkalosis, aplastic anemia (bone marrow can’t produce enough RBCs), agranulocytosis (low granulycytes=WBCs, erythema multiform, SJS (toxic epidermal necrolysis) Thiazide Hypertension. Blocks reabsorption of Na & Cl in the dehydration, hypokalemia, hydrochlorothiazid Pulmonary edema, early distal convoluted tubule hyponatremia, hypotension (dizziness, e (Hydrodiuril, edema related to: preventing reabsorption of water drowsiness, lethargy, weakness) SJS, HCTZ) heart failure, renal hyperglycemia, hypomagnesemia, or liver disease. Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics act hypophosphatemia, Treatment of to block the chloride pump. Chloride is hypercholesterolemia, hypovolemia, stones actively pumped out of the tubule by hyperuricemia (high level of uric acid in cells lining the ascending limb of the the blood) loop of Henle and the distal tubule. Sodium passively moves with the chloride to maintain electrical neutrality. Potassium-sparin Heart failure. Blocks the action of aldosterone Hyperkalemia, amenorrhea, spironolactone g Hypertension resulting in K retention and Na and gynecomastia, impotence, SJS, 9toxic (Aldactone) Not used for RF water excretion epidermal necrolysis) dizziness, used in clumsiness, headache, arrhythmias, combination with erectile dysfunction/impotence other diuretics Osmotic Used to prevent Raises serum osmolality, drawing fluid Heart failure, pulmonary edema, renal mannitol (Osmitrol) kidney failure in back into the vascular spaces and failure, dehydration, electrolyte severe hypotensive promoting renal excretion imbalances (Na, K+) hypokalemia, situations (shock) phlebitis at IV site, transient volume expansion- a temporary increase in the  Mostly used to volume of fluid in the vascular system decrease ICP or (bloodstream)or ECF IOP Carbonic Adjuncts to other Related to disturbances in acid–base Acetazolamide, Anhydrase diuretics and Block the effects of carbonic anhydrase and electrolyte balances Dichlorphenamide Inhibitors Glaucoma Metabolic acidosis Slows down the movement of Hypokalemia hydrogen ions Paresthesias of extremities, confusion, drowsiness More sodium and bicarbonate are lost in the urine