PSY10060 Brain and Behaviour 2024 Lecture 1 PDF

PSY10060: BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR Lecture 1: Mind, Brain & Behaviour Dr Sarah Cooney [email protected] School of Psychology Newman G214  Who am I ? Dr Sarah Cooney [email protected]...

PSY10060: BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR Lecture 1: Mind, Brain & Behaviour Dr Sarah Cooney [email protected] School of Psychology Newman G214  Who am I ? Dr Sarah Cooney [email protected] School of Psychology Newman G214 Module coordinator UCD Body Lab Module lecturer https://www.ucdbodylab.com/ Director Masters Behavioural neuroscience BA MSc Cognitive Psychology & Neuroscience Philosophy Hdip Psychology Postdoctoral research fellow PhD Psychology (Experimental) Assistant Professor Psychology Who are you? PollEV Is this your 1st day of lectures at UCD? Join by Web PollEv.com​/sarahcooney746 Who are you? First-year undergraduate psychology students First-year criminology students Higher Diploma in Psychology students Open learning students Study abroad social sciences & Erasmus students Mature students Straight from LC Access course students PSY10060: BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR When? Where? Mondays at 1 pm Clinton Auditorium Wednesdays at 1 pm (Except for week 8 Theatre M – Reading week) Newman/Arts No class Monday 4th November 50 minutes What are your expectations? What topics in B&B are you interested in? What do you hope/want to learn? Note down a topic/question/interest… POLL EV Join by Web PollEv.com​/sarahcooney746  How is it assessed? 5 credit module MCQ – week 5 : October 9th, Wednesday, 1pm It is worth 30% of the module grade In-class quiz on Brightspace: multiple choice and short answer questions covering weeks 1 - 4 of lectures and required reading. – week 11 November 20TH, Wednesday , 1pm It is worth 40% of the module grade In-class quiz on Brightspace: covering content from weeks 6 - 11 of lectures and required reading. The quiz has multiple-choice and short-answer questions.  Howsitiassessed? a sclnw iy1 2 ektviie wa cte virPer w 1 2 e.ko fe n d hetb ye dstu b M m etu its owlolfotslD a iet lW 30 a % ihfpta so /r 9 a w n d o 4 neska rsa lio rT u t Module schedule Week 1 Brain, Mind, Behaviour; Research Methods Week 2 The Brain and the Nervous System Week 3 Sensation & Perception Week 4 Movement & Action/Executive function Week 5 Revision & Quiz ( assessment 1) Week 6 Cognition Week 7 Sleep Week 8 READING WEEK Week 9 Disorders of Brain & Behaviour Week 10 Disorders of Brain & Behaviour Week 11 Revision & Quiz Assessment 2 Week 12 Peer review assessment and feedback  Reading Core text Brain & Behaviour A Cognitive Neuroscience approach Eagleman, D., & Downar, J. (2018). Brain and behavior: a cognitive neuroscience perspective. New York: Oxford University Press. Available from campus bookshop/library 20 copies in the library Reading Core text: Brain Facts Freely available here: https://www.brainfacts.org/the-brai n-facts-book Copy in pdf in BS Other resources BrightSpace: Course objectives Course outline Reading list Lecture slides and recordings Assessment information Online resources via weblinks Test Your Brain… How much does the human brain weigh? A. 1lb (0.5kg) B. 3lb (1.4kg) C. 10lb (4.5kg) How many neurons does it contain? A. 86 million B. 8.6 billion C. 86 billion How many other neurons is each connected to? A. 100 B. 10,000 C. 1 million Test Your Brain… How much does the human brain weigh? A. 1lb (0.5kg) B. 3lb (1.4kg) C. 10lb (4.5kg) How many neurons does it contain? A. 86 million B. 8.6 billion C. 86 billion How many other neurons is each connected to? A. 100 B. 10,000 C. 1 million …The most complicated known living structure! Week 1: Learning Objectives Describe the central Aims of Affective, Cognitive & Behavioural Neuroscience. Describe some of the Big Questions in the field. Describe the main divisions of the human nervous system Describe the structure of a neuron Be able to describe and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the four categories of research methods for studying the brain. Lecture 1 & 2 Outline The Goal of Cognitive Neuroscience The Big Questions Divisions of the central nervous system What is the Brain For? Methods THE HUMAN BRAIN Human Brain The human brain is the most complex object in the Universe. There are more connections in a cubic millimetre of neural tissue than there are stars in the Milky way galaxy. We carry a miniature universe inside our skulls Human Brain Capable of contemplating its own existence; Capable of perceiving the myriad of impressions from all around it; capable of feelings of awe, joy, sadness, fear, disgust, hatred, and wonder. Biological Psychology The study of the biological processes that support human behaviour The study of the biological (both brain and body) mechanisms of normal and abnormal behaviour The ‘mind’ is a result of biological function (monism) Cognition is NOT distinct from the body (dualism) Biological Psychology Behavioural neuroscience is the modern term for biological psychology. Biopsychology/behavioural neuroscience are synonymous with the terms psychobiology and physiological psychology. In behavioural neuroscience, behaviour has a broad meaning; includes overt acts (external acts that you can see) but also internal events such as learning, thinking, feeling, emotions, and different types of cognition. Subfields Cognitive Neuroscience ‘seeks to determine how the brain processes information, builds memories, navigates decisions…’ (Eagleman & Downar, 2018) Cognitive Neuroscience investigates the emergence of cognitive function from the physical and chemical activity of neurons in the brain ……. seeks to use observations from the study of the brain to help unravel the mechanisms of the mind (McClelland, 2001) The Goal of Cognitive Neuroscience The Goal of Cognitive Neuroscience Who are we if not our thoughts, behaviours, decisions, sensations, hopes , dreams, fears and aspirations. The field of Cognitive Neuroscience seeks to determine how the brain processes information. builds memories, navigates decisions, and ultimately produces a human being from trillions of smaller parts. Cognitive neuroscience incorporate /includes, physicists, biologists, psychologists, philosophers , engineers.. What has the brain enabled us to achieve? Discuss Goal of Cognitive Neuroscience How are intelligent systems built from simple, senseless parts? Emergent properties: characteristics of a system that do not belong to any individual component. We are not the properties of any given piece; rather the system as a whole. Goal of Cognitive Neuroscience: Levels of complexity In order to grasp the complexity of the connection between mind and behaviour it is necessary to begin with Two concrete bodies of data: 1. The way humans behave, perceive, and decide 2. The biological mechanisms that underlie those behaviours The Goal of Cognitive Neuroscience What is the relationship between the brain and the mind, between biology and psychology ? The Big Questions What is Consciousness? How do brains sleep and dream? How are memories stored and retrieved? What causes disorders of the Mind and the Brain? The Goal of Cognitive Neuroscience To understand the mechanisms by which we can do what may seem like effortless things but when we pause for a moment to consider the complexity; How can we link the diverse, nuanced, complex internal human mind to the overwhelming intricate human brain? The Big Questions How is information coded in Neural Activity? Why does Vision have so little to do with the eyes? How does the brain stitch together a picture of the world from different senses? How does the brain control our actions? The Big Questions What is Consciousness? How do brains sleep and dream? How are memories stored and retrieved? What causes disorders of the Mind and the Brain? Scientific Perspective on Brain and Behaviour All psychological phenomena - including emotion, perception, attention, memory, reasoning, conscious experience - are the product of brain activity. THE HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM Human Nervous System – Major Divisions Central nervous system (CNS) Brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Sensory and motor connections The brain – major structures Cerebrum (forebrain) Hemispheres Brainstem Cerebellum Neuron structure Communicates with other cells Receives and transmits ‘messages’ Produces electrical impulses – action potentials Video resources 2-minute neuroscience The neuron https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qS83wD29PY Action potential https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2hHt_PXe5o Synaptic transmission https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhowH0kb7n0 Next steps… This week’s Reading: Chapter 1 Brain Facts Read brain basics Pages 10 - 14 Lecture 2: Wednesday Measuring Brain and Behaviour Chapter 1 Eagleman & Downar Brain & Behaviour Read Section – How We Know What We Know