UPDATED CHAPTER 5 HEALTH CARE APPROACH PDF

CHAPTER 5: Health Care Approach International Medical School (IMS) Introduction Healthcare is an essential aspect of modern society, and there are different types of healthcare approaches that healthcare providers use to improve the health of their patients. HEALTH – a fundame...

CHAPTER 5: Health Care Approach International Medical School (IMS) Introduction Healthcare is an essential aspect of modern society, and there are different types of healthcare approaches that healthcare providers use to improve the health of their patients. HEALTH – a fundamental human right. Health care “ multitude of services provided to individuals or communities by agents of health services or professions, for the purpose of promoting, maintaining, monitoring or restoring health” Health Care Health Care System Health Care Health Care Legislation Health care is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, recovery, or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in people. Provision of health care requires a system  Health care system Provision of health care must be safe  Health care legislation Levels of Health Care  PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Primary healthcare is the first point of contact for patients seeking medical care. This type of healthcare approach is focused on providing basic medical care to individuals and communities. Primary health care services include:  Preventive care services such as vaccinations and screenings  Health promotion and education programs  Treatment of common illnesses and injuries  Referral to specialized healthcare services when necessary Primary health care is important because it is usually the most accessible and affordable form of healthcare for individuals and communities.  PRIMARY HEALTH CARE What does it do?  to reach the home and family level and not be limited to health facilities.  involve a continuing relationship with persons and families.  reach everybody, particularly those in greatest need.  SECONDARY HEALTHCARE Secondary healthcare is the level of care that is provided by medical specialists in hospitals and clinics. This type of healthcare approach is focused on diagnosing and treating complex medical conditions that require specialized care. Secondary healthcare services include:  Diagnostic tests and procedures  Surgery and other medical interventions  Treatment of chronic conditions  Rehabilitation services Secondary health care is important because it provides specialized care to patients who require more complex medical interventions TERTIARY HEALTHCARE Tertiary healthcare is the highest level of care that is provided by specialized hospitals and medical centres. This type of healthcare approach is focused on providing advanced medical care to patients with complex and rare medical conditions. Tertiary health care services include:  Highly specialized medical procedures and interventions  Transplant services  Treatment of rare and complex medical conditions Tertiary health care is important because it provides highly specialized care to patients who require the most advanced medical interventions Medical Approach Medical Approach This approach focuses on reducing morbidity and mortality. The activity focuses on whole populations or high-risk groups. In this type of health promotion, clinical interventions are aimed at preventing disease and premature death. Medical care approaches refer to the different strategies that healthcare providers use to treat medical conditions. Types of Medical Approaches:  Conventional medicine  Alternative medicine  Complementary medicine  Integrative medicine Conventional medicine Also known as Allopathic medicine, is the most common type of medical care approach used by healthcare providers. Based on the scientific method and is supported by a large body of research, clinical trials, and evidence-based medicine. A system of medical diagnosis and treatment that is practiced by licensed medical doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals. Focused on the use of pharmaceutical drugs, surgery, and medical procedures to treat and manage illness and disease. The use of diagnostic tests such as blood tests, X-rays, and CT scans, and relies on the use of pharmaceutical drugs, surgical interventions, and medical devices to treat disease and injury. It also emphasizes preventive measures such as vaccinations and health screenings to prevent the onset of disease. Conventional medicine Effective in treating many health conditions, it has some limitations. For example, it often focuses on treating symptoms rather than addressing the underlying causes of illness. Additionally, conventional medicine can have side effects from medications and can be expensive, leading to concerns about overuse and over-reliance on medical interventions. Alternative medicine Treatment that used instead of standard medical treatment. An example is the use of a special diet instead of cancer drugs prescribed by an oncologist to treat cancer. Refers to a broad range of medical practices and treatments that are not part of conventional medicine. Alternative medicine includes various modalities, including herbal remedies, acupuncture, massage therapy, chiropractic, and homeopathy. Often based on traditional healing practices that have been used for centuries in different cultures. These practices are often based on natural healing modalities, such as using herbs, plants, and other natural substances to promote healing and improve health. Alternative medicine Practitioners often emphasize a holistic approach to health, taking into account a person's physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. They may also place a greater emphasis on prevention and lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, to promote health and prevent disease. While some alternative medicine practices have been scientifically studied and shown to be effective, others have not undergone rigorous scientific testing and may have limited or no evidence of effectiveness. Complementary medicine Term used to describe types of treatments you may receive along with conventional medicine rather than as replacement. Also known as alternative medicine, refers to a group of medical practices and therapies that are used in conjunction with conventional medical treatments. Complementary approaches can be categorized into :  natural products  mind and body practices  complementary approaches Complementary medicine Natural products - things like herbs, vitamins, minerals, probiotics and dietary supplements. Many adults had used a dietary supplement other than vitamins and minerals in the past year. Most popular dietary supplement was fish oil. It is important to inform the health care provider about using natural products that can monitor and recognize potential safety issues, such as interactions with medicines you are taking. Complementary medicine Mind and body practices - things such as massage therapy, chiropractic manipulation, acupuncture, relaxation techniques, mindfulness, tai chi, yoga and hypnotherapy. Other complementary approaches - things that don’t fit into either of the above categories such as traditional healers, traditional Chinese medicine, homeopathy and naturopathy. Complementary medicine is often used to manage symptoms and promote wellness, rather than to treat specific medical conditions. Some people may choose to use complementary medicine because they feel it offers a more holistic approach to health and wellness, or because they have had positive experiences with these therapies in the past. It is important to note that while complementary medicine can be helpful for some people, it should not be used as a substitute for conventional medical treatment. Integrative medicine Is an approach to healthcare that combines conventional medical treatments with complementary therapies that have been shown to be safe and effective. The goal of integrative medicine is to address the whole person – body, mind, and spirit – and to provide a personalized, patient- centered approach to healthcare. Also places a strong emphasis on prevention and lifestyle modifications to promote overall health and wellness. This may include recommendations for a healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management techniques, and other lifestyle changes that can improve overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Integrative medicine is often used to treat chronic conditions that may not respond well to conventional treatments alone, such as chronic pain, autoimmune disorders, and mental health conditions.