Updated 2nd Term 2022-2023 Module 1 - Introduction to Literature - Why Literature PDF

MODULE 1: Introduction to Literature https://www.pexels.com/photo/book-opened-on-white-surface-selective-focus-photograp hy-46274/  INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE At the end of this module, the learners will...

MODULE 1: Introduction to Literature https://www.pexels.com/photo/book-opened-on-white-surface-selective-focus-photograp hy-46274/  INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE At the end of this module, the learners will be able to: 1. Discuss the definitions and functions of literature 2. Compare the different literary forms and genres based on its elements and features 3. Appreciate the importance of literature in one’s life  Definitions of Literature https://www.pexels.com/photo/assorted-books-on-shelf-1370295/ What is literature? Derived from the Latin word littera, “a letter of the alphabet,” literature is first and foremost humankind’s entire body of writing; after that it is the body of writing belonging to a given language or people; then it is individual pieces of writing. https://www.pexels.com/photo/bookcase-books-bookshop-bookstore-220326/ What is literature? It has traditionally been applied to those imaginative works of poetry and prose distinguished by the intentions of their authors and the perceived aesthetic excellence of their execution. It is therefore a creation of human experiences that tells about people and their https://www.pexels.com/photo/bookcase-books-bookshop-bookstore-220326/ world. What is literature? Literature is a form of human expression. But not everything expressed in words—even when organized and written down—is counted as literature. https://www.pexels.com/photo/bookcase-books-bookshop-bookstore-220326/ What is literature? LITERARY STANDARDS (William J. Long) Permanence - determined by a written work’s ability to stand the test of time, which makes it impossible to determine at the moment of writing Universality - appeals to the hearts and minds of almost https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-eyeglasses-on-top-of-the-book-290 any reader 8773/ What is literature? LITERARY STANDARDS (William J. Long) Artistry - aesthetically appealing and reveals or conveys hidden truth and beauty Suggestiveness - allows the work to inspire and provoke thoughts and understanding beyond the actual words https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-eyeglasses-on-top-of-the-book-290 written on the page 8773/ What is literature? LITERARY STANDARDS (William J. Long) Intellectual Value - promotes critical thinking that enhances both abstract and reason-based thought processes and makes readers focus on the fundamental truths of life and nature Spiritual Value - lifts the inner spirit and soul and has the power to motivate and inspire https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-eyeglasses-on-top-of-the-book-290 readers 8773/ What is literature? LITERARY STANDARDS (William J. Long) Style - refers to the distinct way the author expresses his or her thoughts https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-eyeglasses-on-top-of-the-book-290 8773/ What is literature? FUNCTIONS OF LITERATURE: According to Horace: Dulce (sweetness) – to entertain, to delight the audience Utile (usefulness) – to instruct, to inform the audience https://www.pexels.com/photo/person-holding-book-from-shelf-1370298/ What is literature? FUNCTIONS OF LITERATURE: As an art, literature might be described as the organization of words to give pleasure. Yet through words literature elevates and transforms experience beyond “mere” pleasure. Literature also functions more broadly in society as a means of both criticizing and https://www.pexels.com/photo/person-holding-book-from-shelf-1370298/ affirming cultural values. What is literature? “Literature raises life to a new level of meaning and understanding, and in the process restores sanity and justice in an insane and unjust world.” – Cirilo F. Bautista “Perhaps what makes literature a more delightful and enriching study than the rest that deal with the past is its potential of making readers identify with what they read through values learned.” – J.F. https://www.pexels.com/photo/bookcase-books-bookshop-bookstore-220326/ Loria  Divisions of Literature https://www.pexels.com/photo/assorted-books-on-shelf-1370295/  Divisions of Literature TYPES FORMS/GENRES Oral Fictional Through word Poetry of mouth Prose Written Nonfictional Prose Drama Through writing  Poetry https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-holding-book-with-blank-pages-6373293/ Poetry uses metrical language with lots of rhythm and rhyme to create word pictures. Poetry employs all kinds of word play, figurative language, and imagery to send its messages, which are often rather obscure and need to be dug out with some effort on the part of the reader. https://www.pexels.com/photo/white-paper-with-black-text-3928938/  Types of Poetry Lyric Narrative originally sung or recited story telling developed with a musical from ritualistic chanting instrument, called a lyre of myths personal experience, stories were not close relationships, and memorized as is generally description of feelings as assumed but instead their material bards improvised oral chants, relying on heavy alliterative and assonantal techniques Lyric Poems Elegy Ode a reflective poem to an elevated poem honor the dead that pays tribute to a person, idea, place, or another concept Sonnet Haiku a descriptive a seventeen-syllable fourteen-line poem poem that uses with a specific rhyme natural imagery to scheme express an emotion Narrative Poems Ballad Epic narrative poetry set a lengthy poem that to music tells a story of heroic adventures Metrical Tale Metrical topics vary from Romance romance, the quest also called chivalric for adventure, love, poems and various phases of life  Fictional Prose https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-holding-book-with-blank-pages-6373293/ Fictional Prose written in ordinary, non-metrical language, but it is the product of the writer's imagination. The meaning of fictional works can stretch all the way from obscure and difficult to clear and direct. https://www.pexels.com/photo/the-chronicles-of-narnia-book-159778/  Types of Fictional Prose Short Story Novel marked by relative an extended work of prose shortness and density, fiction organized into a plot and denotes a prose narrative with dénouement at the end. about characters and their The plot may be comic, tragic, actions in what is romantic, or satiric. It may be recognizably everyday life written in the mode of fantasy, realism or naturalism.  Nonfictional Prose https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-holding-book-with-blank-pages-6373293/ Nonfictional Prose written in ordinary, non-metrical language and communicates facts or opinions about reality. Nonfiction meanings are usually straightforward because the writer's primary purpose is to convey information or persuade readers. https://www.pexels.com/photo/books-in-shelf-207662/  Types of Nonfictional Prose Autobiographical Biographical Narratives Narratives Biography Autobiography Profile Memoir or Creative Character sketch non-fiction Interview Special types include Travel writing, Food writing, Nature writing Diaries and Journals  Types of Nonfictional Prose Emerging forms of Other types literature Literary reportage or literary Blogs and Facebook status journalism posts (Note: classification Essays (descriptive and still depends on content; reflection essays, etc.) standards of literature should still be applied to gauge their merit)  Drama https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-holding-book-with-blank-pages-6373293/ Drama combines elements of prose and poetry into plays that are usually intended to be performed on stage. Drama joins monologues and dialogues by characters with stage directions and occasionally narrative sections that explain the action. Like poetry, drama can feature hidden meanings and messages that take some work https://www.pexels.com/photo/group-of-people-having-a-meeting-6896221/ to decipher.  Types of Drama Comedy Farce Musical Lighthearted tone Exaggerated humor Originally referred to Clever wordplay or turns Slapstick gags as opera of phrase Nonsensical storyline Dramas in which the Serious topics Improbable events characters sing and addressed in a dance while humorous way One or two settings performing Comical Humor is often crude and inappropriate The entire production misunderstandings is set to a musical Happy ending score Silly, offbeat characters Often ends with a wedding, especially in romantic comedies  Types of Drama Melodrama Tragedy Tragicomedy Periods of standard A protagonist with a tragic A serious storyline told in a storyline interrupted by flaw humorous, sardonic, or songs Circumstances that quickly snide way Dramatic or comedic get out of control – and not in Tragically flawed characters storylines a funny way whose actions don’t result A sensational dramatic Darker themes than a in death piece with exaggerated melodrama, such as human An ambiguous theme suffering, hatred, or poverty characters and exciting Broad characters who act in events intended to appeal Features the downfall of a previously heroic or well-liked classically comical ways to the emotions Neither a happy nor a comic character An irredeemable ending that ending results in one or more characters’ deaths Reaches a tragic catharsis  Importance of Literature https://www.pexels.com/photo/assorted-books-on-shelf-1370295/ Why is Literature Important? Literature is a powerful stress reliever Literature fuels imagination Reading literature improves concentration and focus Reading literature keeps the brain active and healthy Literature expands a person’s vocabulary https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-photo-of-book-pages-2877338/ Why is Literature Important? Reading literature improves a person’s writing skills Literature improves a person’s communication skills Literature encourages critical thinking Literature teaches readers about history Reading literature can encourage empathy https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-photo-of-book-pages-2877338/ 21st Century Themes 1. Identity – Search for identity (including LGBT topics) – Life’s meaning/meaninglessness – Redefining one’s identity 2. History and memory (including postcolonial viewpoints) 3. Social evils (war, terrorism, racism, religious conflicts) 4. Catastrophe (natural and man-made) https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-photo-of-book-pages-2877338/ 21st Century Themes 5. Merits and/or perils of technology 6. Personalization of narratives 7. Fracturing (retelling from another angle/history) 8. Effects of commercialism 9. Diaspora and migration https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-photo-of-book-pages-2877338/ References Gunner, J. (n.d.). Different Types of Drama in Literature. Retrieved from https://examples.yourdictionary.com/different-types-of-drama-in-literature.html Halse, K. & Conner, A. (2020). What are the Seven Literary Standards? Retrieved from https://www.reference.com/world-view/seven-literary-standards-da99877887b7425 Kittelstad, K. (n.d.). Examples of Poetry Genres: Major Styles Explained. Retrieved from https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-poems.html Literary Forms & Genres: How They Affect Meaning. (2015, March 25). Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/literary-forms-genres-how-they-affect-meaning.html. Maity, S. (2021). What is Metrical Romance and its examples? Retrieved from https://literaryocean.com/what-is-metrical-romance-and-its-examples/ Metrical Tale. (n.d.) Retrieved from https://www.poetrysoup.com/dictionary/metrical_tale Neziroski, L. (2003). Narrative, lyric, drama. Retrieved from https://csmt.uchicago.edu/glossary2004/narrativelyricdrama.htm Rexroth, K. (2020, October 30). Literature. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/art/literature Soken-Huberty, E. (2021). 10 Reasons Why Literature is Important. Retrieved from https://theimportantsite.com/10-reasons-why-literature-is-important/ Types of Prose Fiction. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www2.anglistik.uni-freiburg.de/intranet/englishbasics/ProseTypes.htm Aguila, A. et al. Telling the Truth: The Art of Creative Nonfiction for Senior High School. C & E Publishing, Inc., 2017.  Why Literature? By Mario Vargas Llosa https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-woman-reading-book-3747468/ Mario Vargas Llosa Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, (born March 28, 1936, Arequipa, Peru), Peruvian Spanish writer whose commitment to social change is evident in his novels, plays, and essays. In 1990 he was an unsuccessful candidate for president of Peru. Vargas Llosa was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature “for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual’s resistance, revolt, and https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mario-Vargas-Llosa defeat.”  According to Llosa’s observations, what causes the decrease in the number of people who read? How different is the function of Guide Questions literature from science and technology in society? What are the benefits of reading literature? Why does Llosa regard readers of literature as ‘free’? https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-person-holding-a-book-2663851/ References Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2021, April 14). Mario Vargas Llosa. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mario-Vargas-Llosa Guevarra, Alona and Papargo, Marla. 21st Century Literature: Contexts, Themes and Directions. National Conference in Literature Education, 5 October 2017, Philippine Normal University, Manila, PH. Panel Session. Llosa, M. V. (2001). Why Literature? The premature obituary of the book. Retrieved from https://newrepublic.com/article/78238/mario-vargas-llosa-literature