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Unit 1: Foundations of Government 1. The force theory of the origins of the State emphasizes which of the following: army 2. In the United States, the individual 50 states lack which basic characteristics of a state: sovereignty 3. This is NOT a feature of all the states in today’s...

Unit 1: Foundations of Government 1. The force theory of the origins of the State emphasizes which of the following: army 2. In the United States, the individual 50 states lack which basic characteristics of a state: sovereignty 3. This is NOT a feature of all the states in today’s world: democracy 4. In England today, the entire country is run through a single, central government. The provincial and local governments exist at the pleasure of the London government without any true measure of autonomy. England, therefore, has a: Unitary system 5. An example of a country with a dictatorship in the world today would be: North Korea 6. Any system of government in which rule is by the governed is called: democracy 7. The form of democracy in which the people exercise their civil responsibility to participate and vote in elections to choose their representation is: indirect democracy 8. Which is NOT a basic concept of US democracy: Equal conditions for all 9. Montesquieu stated that a single human cannot be trusted with power. Therefore, a __ is necessary to keep them honest: seperation of powers 10. The law of supply and demand states: the greater the demand, the greater the price Unit 2: Ratification of the Constitution 1. Which of the following best describes the concept of limited government: Government must operate within certain bounds set by the people. 2. Who was NOT considered to be a federalist in favor of ratifying the Constitution: George Mason 3. The Constitutional Convention was held in this important, clean, beautiful, friendly, prosperous, healthy city: Philadelphia 4. These two states decided to meet and come up with an agreement on trade. Their success inspired the other states to attend the Constitutional Convention: Virginia and Maryland 5. Which state was the first to ratify the Constitution: Delaware 6. The authors wrote the Declaration of Independence with the intent to: State the moral and philisophical justifications for independence and justify an illegal action 7. The final concession made by the Federalists to help get the Constitution ratified was: including a Bill of Rights 8. States such as Connecticut, Delaware, and New Jersey favored a plan for government that featured: Equal representation among the states 9. Which is NOT a feature of state constitutions: direct democracy 10. Which of the following groups was NOT a source of contention at the Constitutional Convention: Protestants vs. Catholics Unit 3: Constitution 1. The Constitution is based on the concept of: popular sovereignty 2. Article IV spells out the: Relationship between the states  3. The Constitution has been amended a total of: 27 times 4. Which of the following is among the purposes of government outlined in the Preamble to the Constitution: ALL OF THE ABOVE - defending the nation, ensuring order/tranquility, establish justice, promoting the general welfare 5. Which statement about the Bill of Rights is NOT true: The amendments were ratified at the same time as the Constitution 6. This section of the Constitution states why it was written: Preamble 7. An example of an Informal Amendment would be: ALL OF THE ABOVE - Supreme Court decision, Acts of Congress, Custom, Activities of the political parties 8. The President can check the power of the courts by: nominating judges to be on their courts 9. In order to finalize a proposed Formal Amendment to the Constitution needs to: Be ratified by at least ¾ of the states 10. All of the following represent examples of the use of checks and balances EXCEPT: Congress passing the Crime Bill Unit 4: Federalism 1. The Constitution specifically grants these powers to the federal government: Expressed powers 2. McCulloch v. Maryland is an important Supreme Court case because it: supported the idea of implied powers 3. This directs a territory to make a constitution to be submitted to the Congress: an enabling act 4. Montana, Wyoming, Idaho agreed to share the water resources of the Yellowstone River. Such agreements are permitted under the Constitution with Congressional approval and are called: interstate compacts 5. Federal money used to assist a county specifically to repair potholes on the interstate is an example of: categorical grant 6. Devolution is when: the states must carry out a mandate from the federal government 7. An example of an implied power would be: Creating Social Security 8. What is NOT an example of a reserved power: Defining and Punishing Piracy on the high seas 9. This Federal organization helps when natural disasters strike: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 10. When federal and state/local share the powers of government we call it: Marble Cake federalism Unit 5: Political Parties 1. Where someone falls on the political spectrum is a result of how that person feels about: Change 2. In the USA, citizens seem to seriously distrust: extremists 3. The party that lost the most recently election will occupy itself until the next election by: ALL OF THE ABOVE - acting as a watchdog, seeing if they can appeal to people who  voted for a third party, reorganizing and consolidating the party’s key issues, and nominating newer/more attractive candidates for office 4. In the United States, Republicans are considered to be the primary party for: Conservatives 5. Major parties in the US are decentralized for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: lack of fundraising ability 6. During the period of time from the 1800 election to the 1860 election, this party reigned supreme: Democrats 7. If one does not affiliate themselves with a political party, that person is: Independent 8. A major party might support a minor party candidate if: the minor party candidate is likely to draw votes from the opposition 9. Which 2 policy positions would most Democrates support: a women’s right to decide on abortion and an increase on the minimum wage 10. Which is an example of a single-issue party: Right to Life Party Unit 6: Voting & Voting Rights 1. Political socialization can be defined as the: process by witch groups of people formulate their political attitudes and opinions 2. Today all States require that all voters: be citizens of the US and residents of the State, and be at least 18 years old (only A and D) 3. All of the following are significant reasons for nonvoting in the US today EXCEPT: widespread use of literacy and religion tests 4. Which of the following groups has tended to support the Democratic Party in recent decades: Union Members 5. To prevent fraudulent voting, most States require voters to: register 6. Split-ticket voting is characteristic behavior of those voters who: vote for members of all different parties on the same ballot 7. Statistics have shown that voter turnout during midterm elections is: lower than during presidential years 8. Which of the following is NOT one of the most universal requirements every state has for voter eligibility: Education 9. This phenomenon in which fewer votes are cast for offices farther down the ballot is called: ballot fatigue 10. The 19th Amendment more than doubled the electorate of the United States and drastically changed the political landscape as the parties now had to directly address the interests, concerns, and issues of: Women Unit 7/8/9: Congress 1. The presiding officer in the House is the: Speaker 2. The President of the Senate is the: VP of the United States 3. In both houses, the standing committees: are always subject-matter committees 4. To block a bill from being discussed and voted on in the Senate, one can talk a bill to death by threatening to: filibuster 5. In both houses, the select committed: are set up for a limited time to investigate a current matter 6. In each house of Congress, the majority party controls everything but: Who is selected President of the Senate 7. This powerful committee controls the flow of bills to the floor: House Rules Committee 8. Following the Vice President in the line of succession is the: Speaker of the House 9. If the Senate and the House produce two different versions of the same bill: A conference committee is set up to settle the differences 10. In committee, the senior most member of the minority party is called the: ranking member 11. In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court supported the argument held by liberal constructionists by: upholding the doctrine of implied powers 12. Most of the federal government’s revenue is raised from: Taxes 13. The impeachment process happens in 2 steps with the __ charging the accused office holder and the __ as body that convicts or acquits: House :: Senate 14. In Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution, these powers of Congress are described as: Expressed Powers 15. Under the Constitution, Congress has the sole power to: ALL OF THE ABOVE - declare war, create copyright and patent laws, acquire/manage/dispose of territory, set weights and measures 16. Money issued by the government that by law must be accepted in payment of debts: Legal tender 17. In disputes between creditors and debtors, the federal government serves as arbitrator because of its power to handle: Bankruptcy 18. Used in combination, these two Congressional powers have greatly increased the size and scope of the federal government’s power: Commerce and Necessary and Proper Clause 19. If tax revenue is insufficient to pay the bills of the country, Congress has the power to make up the difference through: Deficit financing 20. This founding father was from the school of “strict” interpretation of the Constitution: Thomas Jefferson 21. The US Congress, when it is meeting in Washington, is said to be in: Session 22. Which qualification for House members is NOT in the Constitution: must live in the district being represented 23. Which of the following is true of the House of Representatives: Every State is represented by at least one member 24. The politician who represents Edison High School in the 8th Congressional District is: Don Beyer 25. The Senate is said to be a continuous body, meaning that: its whole body is never up for re-election at the same time 26. The process of setting up new congressional districts after reapportionment to isolate the minority party is: Gerrymandering 27. The case Wesberry v. Sanders is important to the study of Congress because it: said Congressional Districts must be close to the same size when possible  28. Which is NOT a main consideration of a politico when deciding a vote: the greater needs of the world 29. Senators serve their state: at large 30. Cooperating with other politicians and forming relationships is one of the only ways to get things done. This cooperative spirit is colloquially referred to as: Logrolling Unit 10: Campaigns & Elections 1. In order to appear on a ballot in most states, a person must: secure a requisite number of signature endorsements 2. Soft Money is: privately donated 3. A party’s __ is a set or principles, goals, and philosophies: platform 4. Which is NOT true of campaign funding: Funding through subsidies is not permitted 5. Virginia has the type of primary called a: Open Primary 6. The only point in which there is any real contest for a public office in a one-party constituency (such as city mayorship) is during the: Direct Primary 7. Once in office, elected officials are often pressured to: reward campaign contributors 8. The “Blue Wave” of 2008 when Obama ran for president and the “Red Wave” when Trump ran for president showcases most clearly: The Coattail Effect 9. Choosing a running-mate that compliments the party’s choice for president taking into consideration the ideology, race, gender, religion, regional affiliation and other characteristics is called: Balancing the Ticket 10. Which statement about the FEC is false: It regulates the use of money in state and local elections only Unit 11/12: The Presidency 1. A formal duty assigned to the Vice President by the Constitution is to: preside over the Senate 2. In order to be elected president, a candidate must secure __ electoral votes: 270 3. According to the Constitution, the President must: be 35 years of age and have been born a US Citizen 4. In case the President and VP are disabled, the line of succession states that __ becomes President: Speaker of the House 5. This amendment limited the President to two terms or a total of 10 years: The 22nd Amendment 6. One of the major flaws in the Electoral College system is that: the winner of the popular vote is not guaranteed the presidency 7. Which is not a form of compensation the President receives: Free food, entertainment, and clothing for life 8. The least number of presidential electors a state can have is: three 9. If a president were unavailiable in a crisis due to incapacitation, disability, or otherwise compromised, the 25th Amendment could be used to transfer the powers of the president to the VP with the approval of the VP and: the majority of the President’s Cabinet  10. Reforming the Electoral college by replacing the winner-take-all method to a system that awards electoral votes to the districts assigned to the House members with an additional 2 Electoral votes per state going to the statewide winner known as: the Congressional District plan 11. The difference between a treaty and an executive agreement is that: the President needs Senate approval for a treaty but not for an executive agreement 12. When a president says they will only enforce parts of a bill they have signed into law, they are using: a signing statement 13. The field of policy that the President nearly has exclusive control over is: Foreign Policy 14. The __ appoints Cabinet members __: President; with Senate approval 15. The President exercises a check on the legislative power of Congress by: Vetoing legislation 16. The President has the power to make executive agreements: without any congressional action or approval 17. The term imperial presidency refers to: The use of powers of the presidency without congressional approval 18. Presidential recognition is a means by witch: The President acknowledge a legitimate government in foreign countries 19. According to the Constitution, the President is permitted to appoint: Federal judges/justices, Military Officers, Ambassadors 20. Striking out specific dollar amounts from a bill was called: Line-Item Veto Unit 13: The Judiciary 1. Which federal court has original jurisdiction over MOST cases heard in the federal court: The 94 District Courts 2. Which federal court exercises both original and appellate jurisdiction: The Supreme Court 3. For a case to reach the Supreme Court, how many judges must want to hear it: 4 4. When the Supreme Court requests to hear a case from a lower court, it may issue a: writ of certiorari 5. The Supreme Court’s decision in Marbury v. Madison: established the Court’s power of judicial review 6. We say we have a dual court system because we have: federal and state courts 7. Most of the trials in this country take place in: state courts 8. What does the Constitution say about how a federal judge can be removed from office: Judges must be removed by impeachment process 9. If the government is at fault for something, a citizen may sue them in: a court of federal claims 10. The Supreme Court typically hears cases that involve: constitutional matters Unit 14/15: Civil Rights 1. This process extends the Bill of Rights to protect individuals from all levels of government: Incorporation  2. The Lemon Test: decides if aid to parochial schools is appropriate 3. A democracy must allow freedom of expression otherwise: democracy does not really exist 4. Without this freedom there would be no political parties and no interest groups to influence the action of government: Freedom of Assembly 5. This case protected student rights: Tinker v. Des Moines 6. Prior Restraint prevents the government from curbing this First Amendment freedom: Press 7. Laws against seditious speech have been upheld by the Supreme Court if this speech: urges people to overthrow the government 8. Shield laws protect: Freedom of Press 9. In order to protest, picket, or rally in a public place, the organizer must first: secure a permit 10. Free Speech: is defined by Supreme Court rulings 11. Pleading the Fifth means: one does not have to testify against oneself 12. A subpoena is a court order that: requires a witness to offer their testimony in a trial 13. If one chooses to waive their right to a trial by jury, what is their other option: bench trial 14. Inflicting a punishment upon a citizen without finding that person guilty of a crime in a court of law is illegal thanks to Constitutional protections from: bills of attainder 15. The Due Process Clause guarantees that: the Federal Government will not interfere with their constitutional rights. 16. To have a fair trial, a person is guaranteed all of the following EXCEPT: media coverage if demanded 17. The main purpose of the exclusionary rule is to: deter police misconduct 18. According to the Supreme Court, capital punishment: is not cruel and unusual punishment 19. When arresting a person, police must: have probable cause to believe the person is involved in criminal activity 20. Preventative Detention is the act of: withholding the option for bail from someone The Amendments 1 - RAPPS 2 - Bear Arms 3 - Quartering of Soldiers 4 - Search and Seizure 5 - Arrest Rights 6 - Courtroom Rights 7 - Jury trials for civil cases 8 - Cruel and Unusual Punishments 9 - Additional Rights (rights not listed) 10 - Reserved powers are for the State 11 - Cannot Bring Lawsuits against States 12 - President and VP are elected by electoral college 13 - Banned slavery 14 - Gave former slaves citizenship & Due Process 15 - Gave former slaves voting rights 16 - Taxes 17 - Direct election of senators 18 - Prohibited alcohol 19 - Gave women right to vote (No gender Discrimination) 20 - Set Inauguration Day 21 - Repealed the 18th 22 - President is limited to 2 terms 23 - Gave DC the right to vote 24 - Banned poll taxes 25 - Succession of VP when president is out of commission 26 - Decreased voting age from 21 to 18 27 - Congressional Salaries Court Cases & Their Amendments Brown v. Board - 14th Amendment Plessy v. Ferguson - 14th Amendment Engel v. Vitale - 1st Amendment (Religion) Miller v. California - 1st Amendment (Speech) Texas v. Johnson - 1st Amendment (Speech) Miranda v. Arizona - 5th Amendment  Gregg v. Georgia - 8th Amendment Escobedo v. Illinois - 6th Amendment Roe v. Wade - 9th Amendment Citizens United v. FCC - 1st Amendment Snyder v. Phelps - 1st Amendment (Speech) Dred Scott v. Sanford - 5th Amendment Lemon v. Kurtzman - 1st Amendment (Religion) Schenck v. U.S - 1st Amendment (Speech) New York Times v. Sullivan - 1st Amendment (Speech) Mapp v. Ohio - 4th Amendment Gideon v. Wainwright - 6th Amendment Furman v. Georgia - 8th Amendment Griswold v. Connecticut - 9th Amendment Planned Parenthood v. Casey - 14th Amendment DC v. Heller - 2nd Amendment Korematsu v. United States - 5th Amendment