Florence Nightingale Biography PDF

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE: Home schooled by her parents and ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY AND tutor; nightingale gained excellence THE MOTHER OF MODERN in Mathematics NURSING At the very young age she was...

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE: Home schooled by her parents and ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY AND tutor; nightingale gained excellence THE MOTHER OF MODERN in Mathematics NURSING At the very young age she was active in philanthropy, ministering to Florence Nightingale (May 12, 1820 the ill and poor people - August 13, 1910) as a call from God in February 1837 Developing and shaping the at the age of 17 years old modern nursing practice Florence announce her decision to First nursing theory: Environmental enter nursing in 1844 at the age of Theory 24 years old Mother or founder of modern motivated by Elizabeth Blackwell at nursing St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, first Crimean War; The Lady with the woman doctor in US Lamp Nightingale enrolled as a nursing student in 1844 at the Lutheran Personal Background Hospital of Pastor Fliedner in Born in Florence, Italy and was Kaiserwerth, Germany named after the city of her birth Nightingale was very attractive and Younger of two children charming. She rejected a suitor, British Family belong to a rich upper Richard Monckton Milnes. class Income given to her by her father of Her father William Nightingale; $500 roughly US$50,000 in present landowner of Embley park, now is a term. school She regarded the experience in the Her mother Frances (Fanny) Lutheran Hospital in Germany as a Nightingale TURNING POINT IN HER LIFE. Family of merchants and took pride In 1853, Florence Nightingale in socializing with people accepted the position of Social climbing superintendent. She held this position until October 1854. EDUCATION In March 1853, Crimean war broke A classical education including out between Russia and Turkey, with studies in German, French and the British and French. Italian. Soldiers began going down with cholera and malaria around 8,000 men.  Nightingale’s most famous attention to the sanitary design of contribution came during the hospitals. Crimean war. She gained the nickname “ The On 21 October 1854, she and a Lady with the Lamp” by: William staff of 38 women volunteer nurses, Howard Russell including her aunt Mai Smith, were Queen Victoria thanking Nightingale sent under the authorisation of and her ladies. Sidney Herbert, the Secretary of She was also given a Diamond War; Black sea, Balaklava in the brooch with Blessed are the merciful; Crimean. “Nightingale Jewel” She arrived early in November In 1860, her best authored works 1854 at Selimiye Barracks in Scutari was published “Notes of Nursing” (Modern day Uskudar in Istanbul) ~ outlining the principle of nursing, a capital of Turkey but not sure. slim 136 page book. They found wounded soldiers being Notes on Hospitals, deals with the badly cared for by overworked Correlation of sanitary techniques to medical staff medical facilities. Meds were in short supply, hygiene Searchers after Religious Truths; was being neglected and mass restriction that prevented women infections; many of them fatal. No having careers. equipment to process food for the 1870, Nightingale mentioned Linda patients. Richards “America’s first trained Wounded soldiers still wearing their nurse, able to return to the USA with army uniform “stiff with dirt” adequate training. First winter at Scutari, 4, 077 Crimean monument in Waterloo soldiers died. Place, London Ten times more soldiers died from Nightingale Rose of Diagram. illnesses such as typhus, typhoid, Honorary member of the American cholera, and dysentery. Statistical Association. Conditions at the temporary barracks hospital; Hospitals defective Nightingale’s Environmental sewers and lack of ventilation. Theory Reduced from 42% to 2% The act of utilizing the environment She advocate Sanitary living of the patient to assist him in his conditions recovery. She reduced deaths in the army during peacetime and turned Major Concepts of Florence 5. Variety Nightingale Theory recovery; Help him/her avoid boredom and depression; need for A. Nursing - Nursing is a spiritual changes presently known as calling. diversional therapy. B. Person - Receiving care 6. Bed and Bedding C. Environment - Can be Bedding is changed and aired manipulated to place a patient in the frequently; bed must be placed in the possible condition for nature to act. lightest part of the room; Never lean D. Health - Health is not only to be against, sit upon, or unnecessarily well, but to be able to use well every shake the bed, wrinkle free bed. power we have. 7. Cleanliness of Rooms & Walls cleanliness; removal of dust with a Sub-concept of Environmental damp cloth. Theory 8. Personal Cleanliness Bathing and drying the skin; keep 1. Health of Houses the pores of the skin free from all presence of pure air, pure water, obstructing excretion; every nurse efficient drainage, cleanliness and ought to wash their hands very light; Cleanliness outside the house frequently during the day. affected the inside. 9. Nutrition and Taking food 2. Ventilation and warming Variety of foods; frequently small Keep the air he breathes pure , serving; right food at the right time. without chilling him; Noxious air or 10. Chattering hopes and Advices Effluvia. False hopes are depressing; should 3. Light hear good news. Direct sunlight was what the clients 11. Observation of the sick needed; quite real upon the human (Assessment) body. It is important to obtain complete 4. Noise and accurate information about Never wake intentionally or patients. accidentally during the first part of 12. Petty Management sleep; may irritate patients are Continuity of the care; document of jewelry worn by nurses, keys that the plan of care; jingle; clank of the stethoscope against metal bed rails and telephone rings. VIRGINIA HENDERSON: providing a scientific basis for FOURTEEN BASIC HUMAN NEEDS nursing. Virginia Avenel Henderson Basic Principles of Nursing (20th (November 30, 1897 – March 19, century equivalent of Nightingale’s 1996) was a nurse, theorist. Notes on Nursing) became one of the landmark books in nursing. Henderson is also known as “The First Lady of Nursing,” “The Her Concept of Nursing Nightingale of Modern Nursing,” Doing things for patients that they “Modern-Day Mother of Nursing,” and would do for themselves if they “The 20th Century Florence could. But I go on to say that the Nightingale.” Henderson is famous nurse makes the patient independent for her definition of nursing. of him/her as soon as possible. "The unique function of the nurse is Assisting individuals to gain to assist the individual, sick or well, in independence in relation to the the performance of those activities performance of activities contributing contributing to health or its recovery to health or its recovery (Henderson, (or to peaceful death) that he would 1966) perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or Three Levels of Nurse-Patient knowledge.” Relationship 1. Substitutive - doing for the person Personal Background (doer), She was born in Kansas City, 2. Supplementary - helping the Missouri. person (helper), 3. Complementary - working with the Enrolled in the Army Nursing person (partner), with the goal of School at the Walter Reed Hospital in helping the person become as Washington. independent as possible. Took a temporary job caring for Fourteen Basic Human Needs World War I wounded. A “Need Theory” She stressed nursing’s duty to the patient rather than to the doctor and  Focuses on increasing the patient’s 13. Play or participate in various independence to hasten their forms of recreation. progress in the hospital. 14. Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal Emphasizes on the basic human development and health and use the needs and how nurses can assist in available health facilities. meeting those needs. Assumptions – First 9 Needs are – Physiological. "Nurses care for patients until – 10th and 14th – Psychological patients can care for themselves – 11th – Spiritual and Moral once again. Patients desire to return – 12th-13th – Sociological to health. (occupation and recreation) Nurses are willing to serve and that Fourteen Basic Human Needs “nurses will devote themselves to the 1. Breathe normally. patient day and night. 2. Eat and drink adequately. Nurses should be educated at the 3. Eliminate body wastes. university level in both arts and 4. Move and maintain desirable sciences. postures. 5. Sleep and rest. Henderson’s Metaparadigms 6. Select suitable clothes-dress and Person – a holistic being that is undress. composed of physical, psychological, 7. Maintain body temperature within sociological, & spiritual dimensions normal range by adjusting clothing that are defined by their and modifying the environment. corresponding needs as defined by 8. Keep the body clean and the 14 basic needs. well-groomed and protect the – an individual who requires help integument. towards independence. 9. Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others. Health – viewed based on the 10. Communicate with others in individual’s ability to function expressing emotions, needs, fears, independently as outlined in the 14 or opinions. components. 11. Worship according to one’s faith. 12. Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment.  Nursing – nurse is viewed as one Nursing interventions are who serves to make the patient implemented according to the basic “complete,” “whole,” or independent. human needs of the patient. – Goal of nursing is independence. The degree of performance, – Nurses temporarily assist an involvement of the patient will be individual who lacks the necessary dependent on the specific role the strength, will, and knowledge to nurse will be playing. satisfy one or more of the 14 basic needs. Environment – environmental FAYE GLENN ABDELLAH: conditions under which the patient TWENTY-ONE NURSING can perform the 14 activities unaided PROBLEMS or independently. Faye Glenn Abdellah (March 13, Conclusion 1919 – February 24, 2017) is a Her emphasis on basic human pioneer in nursing research who needs as the central focus of nursing developed the “Twenty-One Nursing practice has led to further theory Problems.” development regarding the needs of the person and how nursing can Faye Abdella is a celebrated nurse assist in meeting those needs. theorist, military nurse, and a leader Her definition of nursing and the 14 in nursing research. components of basic nursing care are uncomplicated and Her Concept of Nursing self-explanatory. Nursing is based on an art and science that molds the attitudes, Application of the Theory intellectual competencies, and Her theory is essential to clinical technical skills of the individual nurse nurses today, especially within the into the desire and ability to help context of bedside nursing. people, sick or well, cope with their Patient’s ability to perform the basic health needs. human needs should be assessed before considering the kind of Personal Background nursing care a nurse will be Born in New York City to a father of administering (doer, helper, or Algerian heritage and Scottish partner). mother.  interpersonal in nature, they are On May 6, 1937, the German often missed or perceived incorrectly. hydrogen-fueled airship Hindenburg Yet, in many instances, solving the exploded over Lakehurst. covert problems may solve the overt problems as well. Abdellah and her brother witnessed the explosion, destruction, and the Categories of Patient Needs fire after the ignited hydrogen that A. Basic Needs killed many people. That incident Covert or over problems. became the Common to all patients. TURNING POINT IN ABDELLAH’S LIFE. It was that time when she B. Sustenal Needs realized that she would never again Usually, overt problems. be powerless to assist when people Problems with physiologic body were in such dire need for processes assistance. C. Remedial Needs Helped change the profession’s Usually, covert problems. focus from a disease-centered Problems with emotional and approach to a patient-centered interpersonal difficulties. approach. D. Restorative Needs She introduced “progressive patient Overt or covert problems care” i.e., from critical care, Sociological or community immediate care, to home care. problems. She developed the Patient Assessment of Care Evaluation 21 NURSING PROBLEMS BASIC (PACE), She also served in the TO ALL PATIENTS military during the Korean War. 1. To maintain good hygiene and physical comfort. Nursing Problems Definition 2. To promote optimal activity: The client’s health needs can be exercise, rest, and sleep. viewed as problems, which may be 3. To promote safety through the overt as an apparent condition, or prevention of accidents, injury, or covert as a hidden or concealed one. other trauma and through the Because covert problems can be prevention of the spread of infection. emotional, sociological, and 4. To maintain good body mechanics 17. To create and / or maintain a and prevent and correct deformity. therapeutic environment. 18. To facilitate awareness of self as SUSTENAL CARE NEEDS an individual with varying physical, 5. To facilitate the maintenance of a emotional, and developmental supply of oxygen to all body cells. needs. 6. To facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all body cells. 7. To facilitate the maintenance of elimination. 8. To facilitate the maintenance of RESTORATIVE CARE NEEDS fluid and electrolyte balance. 19. To accept the optimum possible 9. To recognize the physiological goals in the light of limitations, responses of the body to disease physical and emotional. conditions. 20. To use community resources as 10. To facilitate the maintenance of an aid in resolving problems arising regulatory mechanisms and from illness. functions. 21. To understand the role of social 11. To facilitate the maintenance of problems as influencing factors in the sensory function. case of illness. REMEDIAL CARE NEEDS Abdellah’s Metaparadigms 12. To identify and accept positive Person – a holistic being that is and negative expressions, feelings, composed of physical, psychological, and reactions. sociological, & spiritual dimensions 13. To identify and accept the that are defined by their interrelatedness of emotions and corresponding needs as defined by organic illness. the 21 nursing problems. 14. To facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and non-verbal Health – viewed based on the communication. individual’s ability to function 15. To promote the development of independently through the nurse’s productive interpersonal efforts to address the 21 nursing relationships. problems. – She speaks to “total 16. To facilitate progress toward health needs” and “a healthy state of achievement of personal spiritual mind and body.” goals.  Nursing – nursing is viewed as The problems also provide a basis solving the client’s health needs for organizing appropriate nursing which can either be overt as an strategies. apparent condition, or covert as a hidden or concealed one. – Quality It is anticipated that by solving the professional nursing care requires nursing problems, the client would be that nurses be able to identify and moved toward health. solve overt and covert nursing problems. Addressing the problems will spell – In many instances, solving the the patient's health – whether he fully covert problems may solve the overt recovers well or fast or deteriorates problems as well. further with devastating consequences. Environment (Society)– Society is included in “planning for optimum health on local, state, and international levels.” However, as Abdellah further delineates her ideas, the focus of nursing service is clearly the individual. LIMITATIONS Very strong nursing centered orientation. Little emphasis on what the client is to achieve. Potential problems might be overlooked. Application of the Theory Abdellah’s theory provides a basis for determining and organizing nursing care.