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This document contains a series of biology questions and examples regarding energy calculation and the behaviour of lions. It includes the calculation of energy available for each prey species and comparisons between hunting solo and in groups. It also looks at the differences between herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Lastly, the document explores the relationship between poaching and tusklessness in an evolutionary context.
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Mass of prey item Total energy to cost Total energy available to hunt and kill (kcal) per kill (kcal) meerkat 0.77 kg -3000 +5000 warthog 60 kg -5000...
Mass of prey item Total energy to cost Total energy available to hunt and kill (kcal) per kill (kcal) meerkat 0.77 kg -3000 +5000 warthog 60 kg -5000 +12000 wildebeest 265 kg -7000 +30000 zebra 310 kg -55000 +170000 1) How did you figure out which prey would provide the optimal amount of energy for each lion? Highest energy available with the lowest energy cost. 2) What can you determine about a lion hunting solo vs. lions in hunting in groups? It is more efficient to hunt in groups, the total energy cost per lion drops when in groups. 3) (from lulu the lioness) What are the pros and cons of lion behavior, geography, karyotypes and genotypes? Lion behavior - behavior trends, not genetic data Geography - location and relationships to genetics, not displaying males from other prides Karyotypes - male/female + genetic disorders Genotypes - alleles, easier to pinpoint mom mom and dad 4) What is the difference between a herbivore, carnivore, and omnivore? Which macromolecule makes up the majority of each diet? Herbivores - consumes plants (carbs) Carnivores - consumes meat (protein) Omnivores - consumes both (both) 5) Label the following food chain with the correct trophic level. Producer primary consumer secondary consumer tertiary consumer quaternary consumer 6) What is the difference between an autotroph and heterotroph? Provide an example of each using the food chain above. Autotroph - creates its own energy from the sun. (grass) Heterotroph - gets energy prime consuming autotrophs (grasshopper) &) How did you calculate how much energy is lost at each trophic level? (Use the example: producers = 3000 kcal) 3000x0.9=2700 kcal lost 90% is lost, 10% is stored 7) Define the following terms. Allele:Unique form of gene Locus:Location of allele on a chromosome Genotype:Combination of alleles BiomassOrganic matter used as fuel for energy. 8) Complete the chart Macromolecule Main Purpose Monomer Polymer Example Protein Muscle, Amino acid Polypeptide Hemoglobin hormones Carbohydrate Short term Monosaccharide Polysaccharide Glucose energy Lipid Long term Glycerol + fatty Triglyceride Cholesterol energy acid Nucleic Acid Genetic Nucleotide DNA or RNA DNA or RNA information 9) Compare and contrast the term “Limiting Factor” and the term “Selective Pressure.” Limiting factor - something restricting population growth Selective pressure - something directly causing population growth or decline 10) What is the relationship between poaching, tusklessness, and evolution? Tusklessness is a mutation of gene that reduces poaching because they have no ivory. The change from tusks to no tusks is evolution because they are evolving to not being poached.
