Psychology Past Paper PDF

According to Levy in Addiction and Compulsion, the ego depletion hypothesis states that: Question 1 options: People without ego do worse in rehab than people with big egos Addicts have irresistible desires Self control is a finite resource - the more you use it, the less of it you have Addicts end u...

According to Levy in Addiction and Compulsion, the ego depletion hypothesis states that: Question 1 options: People without ego do worse in rehab than people with big egos Addicts have irresistible desires Self control is a finite resource - the more you use it, the less of it you have Addicts end up having no ego by the end Carl Hart in his TED Talk argues that: Question 2 options: Drug addiction is a moral failing Drug addiction is different from drug usage - most drug users are not drug addicts Drug addicts should be punished more harshly According to Levy in Addiction and Compulsion, the fact that price increases affect the amount of drugs consumed by a drug addict indicates that: Question 3 options: Drug addicts are not compelled to take drugs Drug addicts are compelled to take drugs the fact that rats will self administered cocaine till they die but they stop doing so if they get sweet treats like sugar water or sexual companionship shows that Question 4 options: Addiction is a moral failing - even rats can control themselves Addiction is a brain disorder - the rats' brain changes when they get sweet treats Addiction is a social problem related to lack of suitable incentives not to use According to Tristan Harris, social media addiction is... Question 5 options:...related to the business model being used, where you pay for online products with your time...a myth, because you can be addicted to substances but not to activities Which of the following is a diagnostic symptom of addiction Question 6 options: Lack of pleasure Repeated usage Tolerance n the Newsweek article on the Biology of Beauty, it is argued that: Question 1 options: The higher your scholarly degree, the more likely it is that you will not divorce your spouse True love cannot last Even infants can detect differences in attractiveness Only humans care about the attractiveness of their sexual partners - animals have indiscriminate sex In Passionate Love: The Forgotten Emotion, Hatfield and Rapson discuss the mate marketplace hypothesis, which states that: Question 2 options: We will end up creating markets in which people auction their bodies People who couple up are generally of a similar level of social attractiveness In countries in which prostitution is legal violence against women is much lower Match.com has made finding a mate much harder Helen Fischer thinks love is a drug because Question 3 options: brain areas stimulated by pictures of the beloved are also involved in the consumption of opiods you can buy love just like you can buy drugs you can make people fall in love by injecting the drug epinephine into their veins when they see a picture of the designated future lover Romantic love is built on the following system Question 4 options: Mother-infant attachment system Jealousy system Recognition system The Handicap Principle states that Question 5 options: having a handicap like a broken wing makes females of other species find you more endearing - they feel like nursing you having something biologically costly like a peacock's tail shows you have good genes people with handicaps cannot be discriminated in the workplace Helen Fischer in her TED talk suggests that the brain of people who are in love... Question 6 options:...resembles that of craving addicts...is very hard to distinguish from the brain of people who are not in love...involves the differential activation of the fusiform gyrus (for the recognition of faces) When you say that Tom is happy because his life is going well, but have not asked him anything about how happy he feels, you are relying on a notion of happiness as: Question 1 options: the psychological state of mind of having pleasure and absence of pain the psychological state of mind of having a favorable attitude towards one’s life as a whole flourishing The Experience Machine Objection implies that... Question 2 options:...pleasure is all that matters in life...pleasure is not all that matters in life One problem with the happiness as life satisfaction theory is that Question 3 options: How satisfied we are depends on our expectations - someone can be satisfied with the life of a slave, but it is not clear they would be happy We do not necessarily have a stable attitude about how satisfied we are with our life as a whole Both of the above None of the above According to the hedonic treadmill hypothesis, lottery winners and survivors from catastrophic accidents that leave them in a wheelchair are Question 4 options: equally happy before their respective life changing events equally happy all along equally happy one year after their respective life changing events happy to a different degree in the long run One of the main factors that make people happy is Question 5 options: how much money they have the number and quality of their social relationships their personality traits According to Aristotle's theory of happiness as flourishing, even things you do not know anything about (e.g. whether your partner is cheating on you) can affect your happiness Question 6 options: True False 1. Flourishing but not happy: A successful professional who achieves great career goals (flourishing) but struggles with personal sadness or dissatisfaction. 2. Quality of pleasures objection: Higher pleasures (intellectual, meaningful) may outweigh lower, purely physical pleasures, challenging the idea that all pleasures are equal in value. 3. Experience machine objection: It argues that living in a simulated world of pleasure isn’t enough for real happiness; people value authentic experiences over mere pleasure. 4. Happiness from Prozac/wine: It’s debatable—some argue it’s not “authentic” happiness since it’s chemically induced rather than arising from life experiences. 5. Slave satisfied with life: A life satisfaction theorist might accept the claim at face value, while a flourishing theorist would argue they’re not truly happy due to their oppression. 6. Hedonic treadmill prediction: The person will likely return to their baseline level of happiness after adjusting to life with the loss of their legs. 7. Secret to happiness and grades: Expecting a high grade might not lead to happiness—real happiness comes from engaging meaningfully with the material, not just grades. 8. Eudaimonism's core: Happiness is living virtuously and in accordance with reason, not merely experiencing pleasure. 9. Aristotle’s work on eudaimonism: Nichomachean Ethics introduces this concept. 10. Aristotle on flourishing: To flourish, one must develop both practical and intellectual virtues and engage in rational activity. 11. Husband cheating, unknown: In the pleasure view, you could still be happy. In the life satisfaction sense, yes, but in the eudaimonia sense, no, because deceit undermines a virtuous life. 12. Evolutionary point of love: Love promotes bonding for better reproductive success and raising offspring. 13. Brain activation in love: The brain’s reward centers, including the dopamine system, are activated when seeing a loved one. 14. Love as addiction: Fisher describes love as having similar brain chemistry to addiction, with feelings of euphoria and obsession. 15. Mate marketplace hypothesis: People tend to fall in love with those who have similar “market value” based on attributes like attractiveness and status. 16. Peacock’s train: It's a costly display that signals genetic fitness to potential mates. 17. Handicap principle: Traits that are costly to maintain but are still displayed signal strong genetic quality.  18. Symmetry: Symmetry in body and facial features is often perceived as a sign of good health and genetics. 19. Waist-to-hip ratio: A waist-to-hip ratio between 0.6 and 0.8 is often associated with fertility and health, making it attractive. 20. Following biological predispositions: Not necessarily. Social and cultural factors, as well as individual preferences, also play important roles in choosing partners. 21. Economic costs of addiction in the U.S.: Addiction costs the U.S. economy billions annually due to healthcare, crime, and lost productivity. 22. Drug addiction deaths in 2019: Roughly 70,000 people died from drug overdoses in 2019. 23. Definition of addiction: Addiction is a chronic disorder characterized by compulsive drug use despite harmful consequences. 24. Self-control in addiction: Addicts are often said to have impaired self-control, making it difficult for them to resist the urge to use. 25. Hart on drug use vs addiction: Dr. Hart argues that drug use does not always lead to addiction and that societal factors heavily influence addiction rates. 26. Hart’s lab experiment: He demonstrated that under better social conditions (jobs, housing), drug users are less likely to become addicted. 27. Not a symptom of addiction: Enthusiastic interest in daily activities is not a symptom of addiction. 28. Drug policy for brain disease model: A policy focusing on treatment and rehabilitation, not punishment, would be most recommended. 29. Irresistible desires in addiction: Researchers argue that many addicts respond to incentives, suggesting their desires are not truly irresistible. 30. Harris on social media addiction: Social media is designed to exploit human psychology, keeping users hooked through features like notifications and infinite scrolling. 31. Design renaissance: Harris calls for ethical redesigns of technology to promote healthier online habits, preventing companies from exploiting users' attention. 4o