Untitled Document-2 PDF - Digestive System Conditions

Odynophagia- painful swallowing Esophageal strictures- narrowing of esophageal opening caused by fibrosis & scarring Achalasia- absence of peristalsis of the lower esophagus resulting in difficulty swallowing, regurgitation, and sometimes pain Gastroparesis- the delayed emptying of gastric contents...

Odynophagia- painful swallowing Esophageal strictures- narrowing of esophageal opening caused by fibrosis & scarring Achalasia- absence of peristalsis of the lower esophagus resulting in difficulty swallowing, regurgitation, and sometimes pain Gastroparesis- the delayed emptying of gastric contents into the duodenum Dyspepsia- difficult digestion; indigestion Helicobacter pylori- a bacterium that erodes the gastrointestinal mucosal lining causing stomach ulcers Reducible (Hernia)- is a hernia in which the contents of the hernial sac can be returned to their normal position with manual pressure Incarceration (Hernia)- occurs when loop of intestine trapped between muscle fibers Strangulation (Hernia)- occurs when blood supply to the incarcerated loop of intestine is obstructed Gastroenteritis Diarrhea- an intestinal disorder caused by either viral/bacterial pathogens presents with watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea or vomiting, and sometimes fever Steatorrhea- fat in the feces Fecal impaction- a mass of dry, hard stool that remains packed in the rectum and cannot be expelled Obstipation- severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction Cholecystitis- Inflammation of the cholecyst (gallbladder) Melena- black, tarry stools Skip lesions- involves discontinuous segments of abnormal mucosa; seen in Crohn's disease Cobblestone appearance- grouping of ulcers that can be observed during colonoscopy helps distinguish Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis Toxic megacolon- a nonobstructive dilation (increase in size) of the colon, due to inflammation and swelling Diverticulosis- a condition in which small, bulging pouches develop in the digestive tract Varicose Veins- abnormally swollen veins, usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs Hematochezia- rectal bleeding Jaundice- yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood Hyperbilirubinemia- excessive level of bilirubin (bile pigment) in the blood Hepatocyte- liver cell Biliary obstruction- the blockage of any duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine Cholestasis- stoppage of bile flow Caput medusa- recognizable/obvious dilation of the superficial veins of the abdomen Hematemesis- vomiting blood Ascites- abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen Cholelithiasis- inflammation of gallbladder with gallstone Choledocholithiasis- obstruction of common bile ducts due to gallstones Biliary stasis- delayed emptying of the gallbladder, leads to the precipitation of cholesterol and bile components to form calculi (gallstones) Cholangitis- inflammation of the cystic duct Exocrine function of pancreas- secretes the digestive enzymes lipase, amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and bicarbonate and releases them into the pancreatic duct, eventually emptying into the common bile duct Empyema- accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity Cholecystectomy- surgical removal of the gallbladder