English: Angle-Saxon Period - Beowulf (PDF)

# ENGLISH ## 1.) The Rediscovery of Self for Enhancement ### Angle-Saxon Period 1. Germanic warrior society emphasizing bravery, honor, and glory in battle. 2. Patriarchal society based on the concept of kinship and fraternity. 3. Deep fraternal society closes social bonds among men who work togethe...

# ENGLISH ## 1.) The Rediscovery of Self for Enhancement ### Angle-Saxon Period 1. Germanic warrior society emphasizing bravery, honor, and glory in battle. 2. Patriarchal society based on the concept of kinship and fraternity. 3. Deep fraternal society closes social bonds among men who work together, socialize and die together. ## About Angle-Saxon Period & Literature "Oral Tradition", wherein poems are performed and sung by a Bard (story teller) from memory in old english. "Angle-Saxon", wherein dialect words form the basis of the language (Old English), and about one-third of Anglo-Saxon vocabulary still survives in modern English. ## The Epic Poem - The poem treats universal themes such as good defeating evil. - Character traits reflect the important ideals of society. ### Code of Conduct (Boasts) 1. Actions 2. Fairfights 3. Honorable fight Actions determine the fate of a nation / group of people. ## The Title of the Epic Poem - Angle-Saxon word Beo means bright, noble or bear. - Angle-Saxon word Wulf means wolf. - Beowulf means bright or noble wolf. Beowulf is the first great work of English national literature and the oldest surviving English poem of England. A long narrative and heroic epic poem. It is written by an unknown author, Old English, 8th and 10th century. Beowulf is about the epic story of the hero named Beowulf fighting his enemy, the demonic monster, named Grendel. ## Characters of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Beowulf, nephew of Higlac/Hygelac, king of the Geats. (Represents good) - Hrothgar, king of the Danes. - Grendel, man-eating monster who lives at the bottom of a foul mere, or mountain lake. (Represents evil) - Grendel's mother, water-witch who seeks. (Represents evil) - Dragon, giant fire-breathing serpent whom Beowulf fights in Part two of the epic. (Represents evil & greed) ## Setting of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Where Beowulf went on a journey in order to beat Grendel, Denmark. - The place of Beowulf and his men are called Geats. - The kingdom of King Hrothgar that Grendel attacks and his people are called Danes. - The battle with Grendel is at the barricaded night house, Herot, great gall. # Literary Devices 1.) "Alliteration" is the repetition of initial consonant sounds in the lines of poetry and advertisements. Consonant sounds give rhythm and musicality to the words making it easier to memorize. 2.) "Kenning" is a stylistic two-word phrase that describes someone or something, renaming it by highlighting the characteristics. Enhancing the words' literal meaning, providing a richer and different meaning. # II.) Vocabulary Enrichment Strategies "Diction" refers to the author's choice of words. "Words" are a writer's primary tool. The process of Word-Formation is a source of a particular language according to certain semantic and structural patterns existing in the language. It has a significant role in expanding the vocabulary that helps us communicate smoothly. # WORD DERIVATION AND FORMATION STRATEGIES ## WORD FORMATION STRATEGIES | Strategy | Meaning | |-----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Derivation | The process of forming a word by adding affixes, either prefix or suffix. | | Compounding | The process of combining two or more words to form a new word with a different meaning. | | Clipping | The process of forming a word which reduces it without changing the meaning. | | Blending | The process of combing two or more words to form a new word whose meaning will stay the same. | | Acronym | The process of forming a word wherein the initial components in a phrase or word will form an abbreviation. | # III.) Organize Words in Order - Subject + Verb (Predicate) = Normal Order - Verb (Predicate) + Subject = Inverted Order "Normal Order", the subject comes first before the predicate. "Inverted Order", the opposite process of the normal order, in which the predicate comes first before the subject. # IV.) The Sounds in the English Language Use the appropriate segmental (sounds of English) and the suprasegmental or prosodic features of speech when delivering lines of poetry and prose. # SEGMENTAL Is a unit of sound which can be identified or separated into individual parts as determined by the different sounds produced. # SUPRASEGMENTAL Refers to the combination of the unit of the sounds. Changes made in the combination of sounds may change the meaning of speaking. This also is a musical aspect of speech. ## The Segmentals 1. Vowel - It is produced by having little or no narrowing of the mouth and speech articulators. - There are no obstructions of the airstream. 2. Consonant - It is produced by narrowing of the mouth and by moving the different speech articulators or organs - There is an obstruction of the airstream. ## The Suprasegmentals 1. Stress is the emphasis placed on the sound or syllable spoken most forcefully in a word or phrase. - Word Stress is the accent on a certain syllable. - Sentence Stress is the accent on certain words in a sentence. 2. Intonation refers to the sound pattern of phrases and sentences produced by pitch variation in the voice. - Falling Intonation is used for low energy emotions. - Rising Intonation is used for high energy emotions. # V.) Communicative Styles in Various Situations "Style" refers to the manner or way of behaving, doing, creating, or performing a thing. "Communicative style" is the form of language that a person uses, influencing and sentence his/her choice of word construction. It indicates that the person's language varies depending on the given situations or events, the purpose, and the persons involved. ## The Communicate Styles 1. Frozen - This style is literally "frozen" in time and form. It doesn't change. - It is the most formal communicative style that is usually used in respectful situations or formal ceremonies 2. Formal - This style is processed wherein the speaker uses complete sentences, avoids slang, and uses fewer constructions. - Is often used to show respect in such places. 3. Consultative - This style is used in conversation when speaking with someone who has specialized knowledge or an expert. - The speaker is likely to address the expert by a title. 4. Casual - This style is usually used with friends, close acquaintances, co-workers, and family. - Vernacular or dialect, slang, and contractions are used to signal belongingness to a given group. 5. Intimate - This style is used in a completely private language used among close family members and people in intimate relationships. - Code words or terms of endearment known only to members may be used.