Unit 5.1 The Muscular System PDF

PRAYER BEFORE CLASS Holy Spirit, Divine Creator, true source of light and fountain of wisdom! Pour forth your brilliance upon my dense intellect, dissipate the darkness which covers me, that of sin and of ignorance. Grant me a penetrating mind to understand, a retentive memory, method and ease of le...

PRAYER BEFORE CLASS Holy Spirit, Divine Creator, true source of light and fountain of wisdom! Pour forth your brilliance upon my dense intellect, dissipate the darkness which covers me, that of sin and of ignorance. Grant me a penetrating mind to understand, a retentive memory, method and ease of learning, the lucidity to comprehend, and abundant grace in expressing myself. Guide the beginning of my work, direct its progress and bring it to successful completion. This I ask through Jesus Christ, true God, and true man, living and reigning with You and the Father, forever and ever. Amen. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Formative Assessment 1. Identify the voluntary muscle/s among the following options. a. Smooth muscle b. Skeletal muscle c. Cardiac muscle d. Both a and c Formative Assessment 2. What is the basic structural and functional unit of a skeletal muscle? a. Sarcomere b. Sarcoplasm c. Cell d. Myofibril Formative Assessment 3. Which of the following is not a function of the muscular system? a. Movement b. Communication c. Respiration d. Excretion Formative Assessment 4. Which of the following definition is correct about extensibility? a. Ability of a muscle to shorten forcefully b. Ability of the muscle to return to its original length after being stretched c. Ability of a muscle to produce heat d. Ability of a muscle to be stretched beyond its normal resting length and still contract Formative Assessment 5. Which of the following structures of the muscle fiber helps regulation of intracellular calcium levels? a. T Tubule b. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum c. Myofilament d. Sarcolemma Learning Outcome Describe the general functions of the muscular system and integrate an understanding of its physiology with the pathophysiology of common diseases and conditions affecting this system. Outline Introduction Muscular System Physiology Diseases of the Muscular System Diagnostic Tests of the Muscular System I. INTRODUCTION THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM  FUNCTIONS of the Muscular System 1. Movement of the Body MOVEMENT OF THE BODY 2. Maintenance of Posture - Skeletal muscles attached to 3. Respiration bones are responsible for the 4. Production of Body Heat majority of body movements 5. Communication 6. Constriction of Organs and Vessels 7. Contraction of heart  FUNCTIONS of the Muscular System 1. Movement of the Body MAINTENANCE OF POSTURE 2. Maintenance of Posture - Skeletal muscles maintain tone, 3. Respiration which keeps us sitting and 4. Production of Body Heat standing erect 5. Communication 6. Constriction of Organs and Vessels 7. Contraction of heart  FUNCTIONS of the Muscular System 1. Movement of the Body RESPIRATION 2. Maintenance of Posture - Contraction of the skeletal 3. Respiration muscle of the thorax and 4. Production of Body Heat diaphragm 5. Communication 6. Constriction of Organs and Vessels 7. Contraction of heart  FUNCTIONS of the Muscular System 1. Movement of the Body PRODUCTION OF BODY HEAT 2. Maintenance of Posture - Contraction of the skeletal 3. Respiration muscle produces heat as 4. Production of Body by-product Heat 5. Communication 6. Constriction of Organs and Vessels 7. Contraction of heart  FUNCTIONS of the Muscular System 1. Movement of the Body COMMUNICATION 2. Maintenance of Posture - Involved in all aspects of 3. Respiration communication 4. Production of Body Heat 5. Communication 6. Constriction of Organs and Vessels 7. Contraction of heart  FUNCTIONS of the Muscular System 1. Movement of the Body CONSTRICTION OF ORGANS AND 2. Maintenance of Posture VESSELS 3. Respiration 4. Production of Body Heat - Contraction of smooth muscle 5. Communication within the walls of internal organs 6. Constriction of Organs and vessels causes constriction of these structures and Vessels 7. Contraction of heart  FUNCTIONS of the Muscular System 1. Movement of the Body 2. Maintenance of Posture CONTRACTION OF HEART 3. Respiration 4. Production of Body Heat - Contraction of cardiac muscle 5. Communication causes heart to beat 6. Constriction of Organs and Vessels 7. Contraction of heart  FUNCTIONAL Properties of Muscle Tissue 1. Contractility CONTRACTILITY 2. Excitability - Ability of muscle to shorten 3. Extensibility forcefully 4. Elasticity - Muscle shortening is forceful - Muscle lengthening is passive  FUNCTIONAL Properties of Muscle Tissue 1. Contractility EXCITABILITY 2. Excitability - A muscle cell can be stimulated 3. Extensibility by a nerve to contract 4. Elasticity  FUNCTIONAL Properties of Muscle Tissue 1. Contractility EXTENSIBILITY 2. Excitability - A muscle can be stretched 3. Extensibility beyond its normal resting length 4. Elasticity and still be able to contract  FUNCTIONAL Properties of Muscle Tissue 1. Contractility ELASTICITY 2. Excitability - Ability of the muscle to return to 3. Extensibility its original resting length after it 4. Elasticity has been stretched Types of Muscle Tissue 1. Skeletal Muscle 2. Smooth Muscle 3. Cardiac Muscle  Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle A muscle has a fibrous covering called the epimysium A muscle is composed of a bundle of fascicles ○ Each fascicle is surrounded by a perimysium ○ A fascicle is composed of muscle cells (muscle fibers) surrounded by endomysium The connective tissues of the muscle come together at the end of the cell or fiber to form a tendon Microscopic Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle Cell Sarcolemma is the plasma membrane The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the name given to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a muscle ○ Stores calcium ions A muscle cell is composed of myofibrils Each myofibril is composed of thick and thin myofilaments arranged in sarcomeres Thick and thin myofilaments are composed of protein molecules  Structure of a Muscle Fiber Each myofibril consists of repeating contractile units called Sarcomeres ○ Sarcomere extends from Z line to Z line ○ Actin filaments are attached to Z lines and extends towards center of sarcomere but do not meet ○ Myosin filaments reside in the A band and do not contact the Z lines  Structure of a Muscle Fiber CONTRACTILE PROTEINS OF MUSCLE Thick Myofilament ○ Myosin subunits look like a doubleheader gold club ○ Head is referred to as a cross-bridge Thin Myofilament ○ Actin subunits made up a double chain of beads twisted together ○ Tropomyosin is a thread that holds the actin chained together ○ Troponin is a calcium regulatory molecule  Structural Proteins of Muscle CONTRACTILE PROTEINS OF MUSCLE Thick Myofilament Thin Myofilament ○ Myosin subunits look like a ○ Actin subunits made up a double chain of doubleheader gold club beads twisted together ○ Tropomyosin is a thread that holds the ○ Head is referred to as a actin chained together cross-bridge ○ Troponin is a calcium regulatory molecule Formative Assessment 1. Identify the voluntary muscle/s among the following options. a. Smooth muscle b. Skeletal muscle c. Cardiac muscle d. Both a and c Formative Assessment 1. Identify the voluntary muscle/s among the following options. a. Smooth muscle b. Skeletal muscle c. Cardiac muscle d. Both a and c Formative Assessment 2. What is the basic structural and functional unit of a skeletal muscle? a. Sarcomere b. Sarcoplasm c. Cell d. Myofibril Formative Assessment 2. What is the basic structural and functional unit of a skeletal muscle? a. Sarcomere b. Sarcoplasm c. Cell d. Myofibril Formative Assessment 3. Which of the following is not a function of the muscular system? a. Movement b. Communication c. Respiration d. Excretion Formative Assessment 3. Which of the following is not a function of the muscular system? a. Movement b. Communication c. Respiration d. Excretion Formative Assessment 4. Which of the following definition is correct about extensibility? a. Ability of a muscle to shorten forcefully b. Ability of the muscle to return to its original length after being stretched c. Ability of a muscle to produce heat d. Ability of a muscle to be stretched beyond its normal resting length and still contract Formative Assessment 4. Which of the following definition is correct about extensibility? a. Ability of a muscle to shorten forcefully b. Ability of the muscle to return to its original length after being stretched c. Ability of a muscle to produce heat d. Ability of a muscle to be stretched beyond its normal resting length and still contract Formative Assessment 5. Which of the following structures of the muscle fiber helps regulation of intracellular calcium levels? a. T Tubule b. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum c. Myofilament d. Sarcolemma Formative Assessment 5. Which of the following structures of the muscle fiber helps regulation of intracellular calcium levels? a. T Tubule b. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum c. Myofilament d. Sarcolemma References VanPutte, C. L., & Seeley, R. R. (2020). Seeley's anatomy & physiology. (12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill