NURS 1112 Transfusion Reaction Notes 2024/25 PDF

NURS 1112- Reaction to Blood Transfusion K LO OTAWA N M S C N UWISON 1 1/ 11 / 24 Objectives RECAP WHAT IDENTIFY THE EXPLAIN THE WAS DONE LAST REACTIONS AND MANAGEMENT WEEK INFECTIONS OF BLOOD RESULTING FROM TRANSFUSION...

NURS 1112- Reaction to Blood Transfusion K LO OTAWA N M S C N UWISON 1 1/ 11 / 24 Objectives RECAP WHAT IDENTIFY THE EXPLAIN THE WAS DONE LAST REACTIONS AND MANAGEMENT WEEK INFECTIONS OF BLOOD RESULTING FROM TRANSFUSION BLOOD REACTION TRANSFUSION RECAP Blood products Blood products use and storage Rights of blood transfusion Hospital standard procedures for blood transfusion process Monitoring process for transfused patient Transfusion reactions Category 1 – Mild reaction Moderate- severe S&S – severe hypersensitivity urticarial reactions Category 2- Moderately severe reaction Febrile-NON-Hemolytic reactions Antibodies to white cells and platelets Antibodies to protein including IgA Possible bacterial contamination Pyrogens Acute intravascular hemolysis Bacteria contamination& septic shock Category 3- Fluid overload Life Threatening Anaphylactic reactions Reactions Transfusion associated lung injury Transfusion transmitted infections DELAYED COMPLICATIONS Delayed complications of transfusion (Other) Transfusion transmitted infections HIV Malaria HTLV-I&II(human T- lymphotropic virus) Chagas Disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) Viral Hepatitis B& C Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Syphilis (a neurological disorder) Cytomegalovirus HPV  Delayed Post hemolytic transfusion reaction purpura OTHER DELAYED COMPLICATIONS Graft vs Iron Host overload Disease Prevention Observe Signs & symptoms Management Action of Transfusion Record Reaction Report Management- Mild (Allergic) RXN S& S MANAGEMENT Stop transfusion, change line and keep vein open with Hives, normal saline Itching Inform physician Anaphylaxis Monitor vital signs Administer medication (antihistamine) as prescribed ANAPHYLAXIS –is life threatening Signs & symptoms RX Vasopressors Respiratory distress Bronchodilators Corticosteroids Sudden severe bronchospasms Oxygen therapy IV fluids Cardiovascular collapse Antihistamines PUPURA  Management of Febrile RXN S& S MANAGEMENT Stop transfusion, change line and keep Fever, chills vein open with normal saline Headache Inform physician Malaise Monitor vital signs Treat symptoms MANAGEMENT OF HEMOLYTIC REACTION S&S Immediate onset Facial flushing Fever, chills Headache Low back pain Shock  NURSING MANAGEMENT Stop transfusion, change to IV line & keep vein open with normal saline Inform physician Monitor vital signs Obtain blood sample from site Obtain first urine voided – send to lab Treat shock if necessary Send tubing, blood to lab. Send blood sample for serologic testing  Management of Circulatory overload S& S MANAGEMENT Dyspnea Stop or slow Stop or slow transfusion Dry cough Monitor Monitor vital signs Pulmonary edema Inform Inform physician Place Place patient in upright position  Management- Bacterial Infection S& S MANAGEMENT Stop transfusion immediately (keep vein open Fever, with normal saline) Obtain culture of patient’s blood, return blood bag hypertension, to lab dry flushed skin Monitor vital signs abdominal pain Inform physician Administer antibiotic as prescribed stat. ACCOUNTABILITY (LEGAL REQUIREMENT) Record- What was done & observed in a timely manner. Start and finish of the transfusion. Report – any adverse occurrence, completion of transfusion References Lynn, P. (2015) Taylor’s Clinical Nursing Skills 4th Ed. Wolters Kluwer Hogan, et al. Reviews and Rationales in Medical/ Surgical Nursing Fundamentals of Nursing, Taylor, Lillis, Lyn & Le Mone 12th Ed