Unit 3 Part 2 Notes - Solar System & Kepler's Laws PDF

Unit 3 Part 2 Notes Our Solar System, Kepler’s Laws Great Neck South Middle School  Our Milky Way Galaxy spiral Our own galaxy is ______________ shaped, and contains over 200 billion stars! Our solar system is located between two of the spira...

Unit 3 Part 2 Notes Our Solar System, Kepler’s Laws Great Neck South Middle School  Our Milky Way Galaxy spiral Our own galaxy is ______________ shaped, and contains over 200 billion stars! Our solar system is located between two of the spiral arms and about ⅔ of the way from the center. Think about it: largest to smallest?  Our Solar System Our solar system is made up of the Sun and all of the objects that orbit around it under its gravitational influence. empty Most of our solar system is relatively ______________  Evolution of the Solar System 4.6-5 billion years ago The solar system formed about ________________________ A large interstellar cloud of dust and gas collapsed due to gravity - _____________________ Nebular Hypothesis  Formation of the Sun at the Center Gravity led to the concentration of matter at the center and as heat and pressure increased, Nuclear Fusion _______________________ drove the formation of the Sun. Material outside of the central mass of the Sun became the planets through collisions.  Parts of Our Solar System - The Sun Largest object in our solar system Temperature = ~6,000 K 70% Hydrogen, 28% Helium, 2% Metals Nuclear fusion creates Sun’s energy Hydrogen _____________ Helium __________  Terrestrial Planets _________________ Inner Planets - closest to Sun Rocky / Solid Few Moons Characteristics: High density ○ ___________________ Small diameters ○ ___________________  Jovian Planets _________________ Outer Planets - farthest from Sun Gaseous Planets - no solid surfaces Many Moons Characteristics: Low density ○ ___________________ Large diameters ○ ___________________  Terrestrial vs. Jovian - Why??? When the planets were forming, the Sun probably radiated more energy than it does today High temperatures & pressure from particles emitted by the Sun drove the less dense elements away from the inner solar system Outer parts not nearly as hot, and pressure not as great  Parts of our Solar System - Asteroids rocky and/or metallic bodies ASTEROIDS - solid ________________________ that independently orbit the Sun. Most of the known asteroids are in orbits between Mars and Jupiter ___________________  Parts of Our Solar System - Moons MOONS - bodies that orbit a planet or asteroid. Vary in size from a few km to larger than the smallest planets  Parts of Our Solar System - Comets Ices made of water or methane COMETS - __________________________________ mixed with rocky or metallic solids Ices turn to gases when they approach the Sun, Forming spectacular tails.  Parts of Our Solar System - Meteoroids METEOROIDS - very small solid fragments that orbit the Sun. As meteoroids enter our atmosphere, they burn up and Meteor leave a streak (_____________) If the meteoroid reaches Earth's surface it can create a Meteorite - Impact crater depression (_______________________) Solar System Data - ESRT Pg. 15 Background Information - Rotation vs. Revolution Rotation _____________ - the spinning of a planet on its axis. 1 rotation = 1 day Background Information - Rotation vs. Revolution Revolution _______________ - the movement of a celestial object in an orbit around another celestial object 1 orbit = 1 year for the planets in our solar system ellipses  The degree of flattening or “ovalness” of an ellipse. Or, the amount of difference between an ellipse as compared to a circle. (Pg. 1 ESRT) A perfect circle has an eccentricity of _________; 0 a flat line has an eccentricity of _______. 1 Therefore, eccentricity will always be a value between 0 and 1. Pg. 15 ESRT increases decreases  mass distance increases decreases shorter Steps for Making an Ellipse & Measuring Eccentricity #1 - Place push pins in the center of the assigned focal points (for this example I am using the #1 points) Steps for Making an Ellipse & Measuring Eccentricity #2 - Place the string loop around the push pins so that the pins are in the center. Steps for Making an Ellipse & Measuring Eccentricity #3 - Put your pencil on the inside of the loop and pull tightly so that there is no slack in the string.  Steps for Making an Ellipse & Measuring Eccentricity #4 - Push your pencil down and rotate around the pins, always keeping the string tight. Continue until you have drawn a complete ellipse. If you go off the paper THAT IS OKAY - keep the string tight & continue drawing when you are back on to the paper. Steps for Making an Ellipse & Measuring Eccentricity #5 - Take the string and push pins off. Measure the distance between the foci to the nearest tenth of a cm. Steps for Making an Ellipse & Measuring Eccentricity #5 - Measure the distance of the major axis to the nearest tenth of a cm. Steps for Making an Ellipse & Measuring Eccentricity #6 - Plug your measurements into the Eccentricity equation & round to the nearest thousand. No unit!