UNIT 2 - CELL.pdf

Diploma in Physiotherapy Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Lecture notes ANATOMY I CELL Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. ...

Diploma in Physiotherapy Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Lecture notes ANATOMY I CELL Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Learning Outcome At the end of the lesson, students will be able to: Define cell List out the part of cell Explain the components of cell membrane State the function of cell Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  DEFINITION The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known living organisms It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living, and is often called the building block of life Some organisms, such as most bacteria, are unicellular (consist of a single cell). Other organisms, such as humans, are multicellular Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. There are many different types, sizes, and shapes of cells in the body. A cell consists of three parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and, between the two, the cytoplasm. Within the cytoplasm lie intricate arrangements of fine fibers with distinct structures called organelles. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Parts of a cell Nucleus Nuclear envelope Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome Cell membrane (plasma membrane) Ribosome Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  COMPONENTS OF CELL MEMBRANE Cell membrane Every cell in the body is enclosed by a cell (Plasma) membrane. The cell membrane separates the material outside the cell, extracellular, from the material inside the cell, intracellular. It maintains the integrity of a cell and controls passage of materials into and out of the cell. All materials within a cell must have access to the cell membrane (the cell's boundary) for the needed exchange. The components of cell membrane are Phospholipids, Protein, Cholesterol, Glycocalyx. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Nucleus and Nucleolus The nucleus, formed by a nuclear membrane around a fluid nucleoplasm, is the control center of the cell. Threads of chromatin in the nucleus contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the genetic material of the cell The nucleolus is a dense region of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the nucleus and is the site of ribosome formation. The nucleus determines how the cell will function, as well as the basic structure of that cell. (Ribosome Function: To make protein) Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Cytoplasm The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid inside the cell. It is the medium for chemical reaction. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell. Within the cytoplasm, materials move by diffusion, a physical process that can work only for short distances. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Cytoplasmic organelles Cytoplasmic organelles are "little organs" that are suspended in the cytoplasm of the cell. Each type of organelle has a definite structure and a specific role in the function of the cell. Examples of cytoplasmic organelles are mitochondrion, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Cell Functions Cells of various types have different functions because cell structure and function are closely related. The generalized cell functions include: 1.Movement of substances across the cell membrane, 2.Cell division to make new cells 3.Protein synthesis. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Q&A Session Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Thank you Address Telephone Website Lot 33-40, Blok C, Plaza Juta, +6088 431 025/35 kk.cyberjaya.edu.my KM 7.2 Off Jalan Tuaran, 88400 Likas, Kota Kinabalu, Email Sabah, Malaysia [email protected]