UNIT 1 - The Nature of Academic Texts.pdf

Unit 1: The Nature of Academic Texts Lesson 1 Structure of Academic Texts MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY MELC 1 Differentiates language used in academic texts from various disciplines MELC 2 Uses knowledge of text structure to glean the information he/...

Unit 1: The Nature of Academic Texts Lesson 1 Structure of Academic Texts MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY MELC 1 Differentiates language used in academic texts from various disciplines MELC 2 Uses knowledge of text structure to glean the information he/she needs.  ACADEMIC TEXT vs. non-academic text table THE STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC TEXT of Structures of paragraphs contents structure of three-part essay Structuring IMRaD  LET’S EXERCISE OUR BRAIN! INSTRUCTION: Carefully read both passages and identify the differences between them.  Problems are a constant in life. When you solve one, like improving your health by getting a gym membership, new problems arise, such as waking up early or finding time to shower before work. Solving the problem of spending more 1st text time with your partner by establishing a weekly date night creates challenges like planning activities, budgeting for dinners, and rekindling lost chemistry. Problems never disappear; they just evolve. Happiness comes from solving these problems. The key is in the solving—if you avoid problems or feel unable to solve them, you’ll end up miserable. Happiness is an active process, not something that happens by chance or through external advice.  Previous research identified meaning-focused instruction (MFI) and form-focused instruction (FFI) as effective methods for developing language skills in second language learners, but their combined effectiveness had not been experimentally tested. This study addresses that gap by 2nd text examining the impact of integrating MFI and FFI on the speaking, writing, and grammar skills of 480 third-year high school students in public high schools in the Philippines. The students were divided into four groups: Group A (MFI and FFI), Group B (MFI only), Group C (FFI only), and Group D (standard English program). Results showed that students in Groups A, B, and C improved significantly, while Group A outperformed all others. The study concludes that combining MFI and FFI is highly effective in enhancing students' language skills, with implications for future teaching strategies discussed.  ACADEMIC TEXT vs. non-academic text  ACADEMIC TEXT vs. non- academic text ACADEMIC WRITING NON-ACADEMIC WRITING Written by field professionals, these They are published quickly and can texts are peer-reviewed, take years to be written by anyone. Their language publish, and use formal language with is informal, casual and may contain specialized terms. The authors' names slang. and credentials are included, along with The author may not be provided and references to their sources. They are will not have any credentials listed. critical, objective, and specialized. There will be no reference list. May be considered as personal, emotional, impressionistic, or subjective in nature.  examples of academic text Literary Analysis Dissertation Research Paper A literary analysis goes A long essay on a A research paper explains beyond summarizing a particular subject, what you've learned after work; it presents an especially one written in-depth exploration, argument reflecting the as a requirement for combining information writer's personal the Doctor of from sources like books, interpretation, Philosophy degree. articles, and interviews judgment, or critical with your own ideas and evaluation. opinions. other examples of conference paper academic journal abstract Thesis academic texts book reports translations books examples of non-academic text Advertisements Magazine articles Emails Blog posts Newspaper articles Social media updates ACADEMIC TEXT vs. non-academic text ACADEMIC NON-ACADEMIC ACADEMIC TEXT vs. non-academic text ACADEMIC NON-ACADEMIC  Academic Disciplines Each of the academic disciplines and their branches have their own vocabularies, styles, and modes of communication. accounting , economics education, anthropology finance, management geography, history, law marketing political science, sociology psychology Business Social sciences biology, chemistry, physics engineering, medicine, art, literature, music mathematics, geology, philosophy, languages computer science, creative writing, religion Natural and applied sciences Humanities  Academic Disciplines While all academic disciplines might follow a basic format and guidelines, their application differs per discipline. Different disciplines also tend to get their data and evidence from varying research methods. Biologists perform lab Social scientists conduct experiments. surveys and interviews. Natural and applied sciences Social sciences  Academic Disciplines Sources of information that are relevant to the different disciplines also vary. Business students study Humanities students study resumes, memos, and history books, literature product descriptions. reviews, or journals. Business Humanities  Academic Disciplines What the different disciplines focus on in their academic texts are also different. The sciences focus on the Social sciences emphasize hypothesis and whether the methodology and their the experiment proves or results or findings. disproves it. Natural and applied sciences Social sciences  OTHER VOCABULARY WORDS UNDER DIFFERENT ACADEMIC DISCPLINES  Experiment Survey Natural Sciences Social Sciences A research method for collecting data A controlled procedure carried out to from a group of people through test a hypothesis or observe questionnaires or interviews. phenomena. EXPLANATION: EXPLANATION: Surveys are widely used in social sciences Experiments are central to natural to gather data on social attitudes, sciences, allowing scientists to test behaviors, and demographics. theories and gather empirical data. Interpretation Humanities The process of explaining or analyzing the meaning of texts, artworks, or cultural artifacts. EXPLANATION: Interpretation is central to humanities disciplines like literature and art history, where understanding the significance of creative works is key. connections across disciplines The disciplines are not so different in their development and purpose. Disciplines were developed and designed to help us make sense of our world and its phenomena. Knowledge is gained when a practitioner can build on a previously established body of work from their discipline. Research requires you to use sources that touch on a similar topic or line of thinking that you are studying. connections across disciplines Pay attention to details in your different classes to see if you can find similarities and connections between them. You can become better at knowing how your specialization can fit with the rest of the world. Binary oppositions can help you understand issues and problems you will encounter in any discipline. articulating different positions in academic writing There are specific words, vocabulary, and binary oppositions that are suited for a specific discipline but can be applied in other disciplines. production—consumption nature—nurture labor—capital free will—determinism Business Social sciences empiricism—rationalism artist—culture observer—subject text—context Natural and applied sciences Humanities As you encounter different articles and texts in your classes, take note of the vocabulary and jargon used in various disciplines. Doing so can help you be more familiar with them should you re- encounter them. There are many differences in academic writing, from cited sources to the narrative tone or the voice used by the writer. Always keep an open mind and an observant eye when reading different academic texts. THE STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC TEXT  Essential Question Why should a reader know the essential parts of an academic text? Structures of Paragraphs paragraph -collection of sentences that deal mostly with one topic or idea at a time.  Essential Question How does knowing the parts ensure better comprehension of the text?  Structures of paragraphs Topic sentence Parts of the Supporting sentences paragraph: Concluding and/or transitional sentences Topic Sentence: presents the main point of the paragraph. Supporting Sentences: Example: support the main idea of the Effective time management is crucial for academic success. paragraph. Example: By organizing their schedules, students can allocate time for studying, completing assignments, and engaging in extracurricular activities, which reduces stress and prevents last- minute cramming. This balance leads to a healthier lifestyle and better mental well-being. Transitional sentences: paves the way to the next idea in the next paragraph Concluding sentences: Example: closes out the main idea by As students improve their time management, they can explore summing up the main idea other essential skills for Example: academic and professional Mastering time management is a success. foundational skill that not only enhances academic performance but also fosters overall personal growth and well-being.  Example Effective time management is crucial for academic success. By organizing their schedules, students can allocate time for studying, completing assignments, and engaging in extracurricular activities, which reduces stress and prevents last-minute cramming. This balance leads to a healthier lifestyle and better mental well-being. As students improve their time management, they can explore other essential skills for academic and professional success. Mastering time management is a foundational skill that not only enhances academic performance but also fosters overall personal growth and well-being.  Brain Teaser Building a Paragraph Instruction: Topic Supporting You are given a topic sentence, which Sentences Sentence serves as the main idea or focus of the paragraph. Your task is to build upon this sentence by adding supporting Concluding and/or details and a concluding sentence, transitional sentences creating a coherent and well- structured paragraph.  Brain Teaser Topic Sentences: Technology has transformed the way we communicate. start building! structure of three-part essay Introduction Parts of an Body Essay: Conclusion  introduction Introduces Places the Provides the topic topic into background Describes context information how the aim Points out the Catches the will be fulfilled aim of the readers’ text Suggests interest Explains why what the the topic findings are could be considered interesting  example Time management is crucial for academic success. This essay will examine how effective time management enhances student performance and well-being. By analyzing research and examples, we'll see its impact on balancing academic and personal life. Understanding this skill is important for students, as it can lead to better outcomes and reduced stress.  body Presents Content: evidence to support the Research thesis and data are statement presented Can be Data is broken down analyzed into parts Data is discussed thoroughly  example Effective time management involves planning and prioritizing tasks. Research shows that students who use planners and set priorities perform better academically. For instance, studies indicate that such students experience less stress and achieve higher grades. Analyzing this data demonstrates that structured time management prevents last-minute cramming and supports a balanced lifestyle.  CONCLUSION Restates the Wraps up No new thesis the essay material statement should be Wraps up presented the essay important note: The conclusion should not have the exact same thesis statement as the one in the introduction. It is best to reword it in the conclusion.  example Effective time management is key to academic and personal success. Proper planning and prioritization improve performance and reduce stress. This essay has highlighted the importance of these strategies in helping students achieve their goals and maintain balance.  Essential Question How does knowing the structure of essays help reading comprehension?  Structuring IMRaD introduction parts methods of an results imrad discussion  INTRODUCTION IMRaD stands for Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. It outlines research topics by explaining the subject and its METHODOLOGY purpose. Includes: Explanation of research aims and whether questions were answered Data collection methods and analysis Overall research design  example INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY Listening to music may be a The study aimed to assess junior positive experience for many high school students' feelings about listening to various music genres junior high school students while while studying for exams. It they study for major subjects. collected data through interviews and a questionnaire with 20 students. The research design included both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze students' experiences and opinions.  result Presents results objectively using charts, figures, and tables. discussion Recaps the study topic and analyzes the results.  example result and discussion The results, presented through charts and tables, indicated that junior high school students felt music, regardless of genre, was beneficial and potentially improved their academic performance. The study recapped the topic and analyzed the results, suggesting further research to confirm the link between music and improved study habits.  Any Questions?  wrap up Academic disciplines have different branches with their vocabularies, styles, and modes of communication Connections can always be found between the different academic disciplines. Binary oppositions can help you understand issues and problems you will encounter in discipline.  wrap up Knowing the structure of an essay can help a reader comprehend the text. Paragraph development and the three-part essay are broken into the following parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. The IMRaD structure is broken into the following parts: Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion. Activity 1: PROFESSIONAL TOUR ACROSS THE DISCIPLINES Instructions: In your group, you will engage in a creative exploration of the different branches of various academic disciplines. This activity will involve a gallery walk, where each group will present their findings through the unique language, vocabulary, styles, and modes of communication associated with each discipline. I. Business II. Humanities III. Natural & Applied Sciences IV. Social Sciences  REFERENCES “The IMRaD Format.” Search Write, December 19, 2017. https://sokogskriv.no/en/writing/structure-and-argumentation/the-imrad-format/. “The Structure of Academic Texts.” Lnu.se. Accessed February 25, 2020. https://lnu.se/en/library/Writing-and-referencing/the-structure-of-academic-texts/. “The Structure of Academic Texts.” Karolinska Institutet Universitetsbiblioteket. Accessed February 25, 2020. https://kib.ki.se/en/write-cite/academic- writing/structure-academic-texts. “Traditional Academic Essays in Three Parts.” Penn State Abington. Accessed February 25, 2020. https://abington.psu.edu/traditional-academic-essays-three-parts. “Writing a Scientific Research Report (IMRaD).” The Writing Center. Accessed February 25, 2020. https://writingcenter.gmu.edu/guides/writing-an-imrad-report.