Unit 1 Test Study Guide (KEY) (1).pdf

KEY Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: _______________ Unit 1 Test Study Guide Lesson 1 1) Describe the difference between environmental science and environmentalism. Environmental Science: Objective, unbiased pursuit of knowledge about the workings of the environment...

KEY Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: _______________ Unit 1 Test Study Guide Lesson 1 1) Describe the difference between environmental science and environmentalism. Environmental Science: Objective, unbiased pursuit of knowledge about the workings of the environment and our interactions with it Environmentalism: Social movement dedicated to protecting the natural world materials energy 2) Natural Resources are _______________ and _______________ sources found in nature that humans need to survive. 3) Describe the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources. Renewable resources: Naturally replenished over short periods Nonrenewable resources: Naturally formed more slowly than we use them. 4) List 3 examples of non-renewable resources and 3 examples of renewables. Non-Renewable Renewable Coal ____________________ Sunlight ____________________ Oil ____________________ Wind ____________________ Natural Gas ____________________ Geothermal ____________________ sustainable 5) To be ______________________ means that humans meet their present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. 6) What are the three components of sustainability? Economic A. ____________________________________ Environmental B. ____________________________________ Social C. ____________________________________ consumes 7) Ecological Footprint really boils down to how much a community __________________ and how much waste _____________ they produce? 8) What correlation exists between a nation’s wealth and their ecological footprint? Wealthier nations have larger ecological footprints. 9) Explain how the image below represents an example of “Tragedy of the Commons”. How can this be avoided? The image below (left) displays the "commons" being utilized below carrying capacity of the land. Over time ranchers increase the number of sheep using the common (middle and right). This increased load is unsustainable, and if not corrected, the land will be overgrazed. This can be avoided by resource management, either voluntary of mandated. Lesson 2 decrease 10) If the supply of a product is greater than its demand, the price of that product will __________________. If the increase demand is greater than the supply, prices of that product will __________________. 11) Describe why it’s important for companies to utilize cost-benefit analysis. Companies must precisely calculate the total cost to produce and ship their products. This is necessary so they can properly assign a cost for the product that produces maximum gains. 12) Earth’s environment provides all life with goods and ecosystem services. Please list 3 goods that the environment provides, and 3 ecosystem services the Earth provides us. Goods Services Sunlight _____________________________ Nutrient Cycling _____________________________________________________________ Fresh Water _____________________________ Water and Air Purification _____________________________________________________________ Timber _____________________________ Recycling/Absorption of Waste _____________________________________________________________ 13) Below are long-held economic assumptions that may negatively impact the environment. buyers consumers A. Costs and benefits only affect ____________ and ____________. Short-term costs and benefits should be emphasized. B. ______________ Resources C. _______________ are unlimited. continual D. Economic growth is _______________. 14) Explain why it’s hard to maintain economic sustainability without addressing environmental issues. How can this lead to market failure? All of the products we consume, and services we use, are only possible if the ecosystems that provide the goods and services needed are conserved. If the environments that provide us the resources needed for economic growth aren't maintained, then eventually these resources will be unavailable, leading to market failure. 15) Why do companies place ecolabels on their products? Companies using ecolabeling are trying to appeal to a growing consumer base that is concerned with sustainable goods and services. Environmental ________________ National Policy 16) The creation of the ______________ ______________ act led to the use of Environmental Impact Statements (EIS). (e-text, pg.46) Land federal 17) The __________ Ordinance of 1785 gave the __________________ government the right to manage unsettled lands. (e-text, pg.46) 18) The mission of the EPA is to… • envrionmental enforcing research Conduct and evaluate ______________, monitor ____________________ quality and set _______________ pollution standards for _______________ levels. (e-text, pg.47) World Trade 19) If one nation's laws make it impossible for another nation to sell its goods there, the __________ __________ Organization ________________ is most likely to get involved resolve the problem. (e-text, pg.50) Lesson 3 hydrosphere 20) Earth's ________________________ encompasses all of Earth's water. 21) Describe the water cycle using the terms evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation. Bodies of water release water vapor into the atmosphere (evaporation). Plants also release water vapor into the atmosphere (transpiration). As this water vapor rises in the atmosphere it will cool, eventually returning to a liquid state (condensation). When enough water vapor has cooled and condensed, it falls back down to land as rain, sleet, or snow (precipitation). 22) Explain why the image below provides a good representation of how matter cycles through the environment. This food web displays the feeding relationships that exist in the ecosystem. All the matter and energy in this ecosystem is cycled from one organism to another based on these feeding relationships. Yes! Even the producers rely on other organisms, being that when they die and get decomposed they will return nutrients to the soil. 23) Provide an example explaining how matter is only transformed, never created or destroyed. Food that we eat doesn't just disappear, or pass right through us, we utilize it. In our digestive system our bodies break food down into its simple components, that our bodies then use for things such energy and muscle building. What isn't used is then passed through our waste. So all the matter in our chicken and pasta dinner is only transformed we don't create or destroy any matter. Carbon Cycle 24) List 3 natural ways CO2 is released into the atmosphere. Released from the oceans A. _______________________________________________ Cellular respiration B. _______________________________________________ Volcanoes C. _______________________________________________ 25) In what primary way do humans add excessive amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere? Through the burning of fossil fuels _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 26) How do consumers, such as humans, get the carbon they need? Consumers, like ourselves, must consume other organisms to acquire the carbon we need. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 27) What is Earth’s two primary carbon sinks (carbon storage)? Oceans A. ______________________________________ Vegetation B. ______________________________________ Phosphorus Cycle Weathering mining 28) ___________________ and erosion of rocks, ______________ for minerals and rocks, Fertilizers and detergents are all sources of phosphates. ______________ runoff oceans 29) Via _________________ these phosphates ultimately make their way into ______________. 30) How do these phosphates that have settled at the bottom of the ocean continue through the phosphorus cycle. Over millions of years oceanic plates move back to the Earth's surface, making these stored phosphates available on land. Nitrogen Cycle Plants need nitrates for growth and development. Below is what you need to complete and know for the test. Nitrogen Ammonia 31) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert _______________ Gas (NO2) to _______________ (NH4+). Nitrifying bacteria Nitrites convert ammonia (NH4+) to ______________ (NO2-). Other nitrifying bacteria convert the nitrites (NO2-) to Nirtrates assimilation ______________ (NO3-). Through the process of ____________________, plants can absorb nitrates from the soil. 32) List two other ways nitrogen can enter the cycle. Decomposition A. _____________________________________________________________ Fertilizer Runoff B. _____________________________________________________________