Unit 1 Test Study Guide PDF

Unit 1 Test Study Guide The Unit 1 test will feature 30 multiple-choice questions and 1 document-based written response. Students will have 60 minutes to complete the test Notes are not allowed to be used, however, students can retake the test if they meet the criteria Economic/P...

Unit 1 Test Study Guide The Unit 1 test will feature 30 multiple-choice questions and 1 document-based written response. Students will have 60 minutes to complete the test Notes are not allowed to be used, however, students can retake the test if they meet the criteria Economic/Political Systems and Theories Be able to define the following and explain the major differences between them: ○ Communism: a system where everyone shares everything and earns what they deserve. Everyone is equal, ruled by people. Classless society ○ Socialism system where materials are regulated among people but there is still some rule from governments or some people allowed private property etc. ○ Capitalism system where it's completely ruled by gov/ruler. People are allowed to live in private property, best/rich people own all the means of production Russian Revolution What were the causes of the Russian Revolution? Millions of Russians dying in ww1, inflation, tsar not ruleling well, most citizens were broke and could not survive. Who were the Bolsheviks? Marxist (type of communism, in order for capitalism to be abolished and humanity to live in socialist society, workers had to rise up and cease means of production (workers take over state and transition human society from capitalism to communist society). revolutionary group led by Lenin, aiming to overthrow capitalism and establish a proletarian dictatorship in Russia. The Bolshevik Revolution - Describe it, including when it occurred November 1917, group that overthrew the Provisional Government and established Bolshevik control over Russia. Know the significance of these individuals Nicholas II: The last tsar of Russia, poor leadership and dislike among the people in 1917 marked the end of the tsar regime and triggered the russian revolution. - Dragged russia to ww1 bc he decided to declare war on austria hungary - Lots of russians didnt want to fight in war Alexander Kerensky: Leader of the Provisional Government (temporary government set up after the february revolution in order to temporarily govern russia and hopefully transition it into a democracy), overthrown by the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution - February revolution: everyone who hated tsar Vladimir Lenin: Leader of the Bolsheviks, established Soviet Russia.  Leon Trotsky: Lenin’s intended successor after lenin died, but stalin ended up suceeding instead, head of red army (bolshievk government’s military/army that fought other factions of cilval war, faction who fought for soviet union)helped secure Bolshevik victory in the civil war. Joseph Stalin: A Bolshevik who later became the dictator of the Soviet Union, transforming it into a totalitarian state. Rise of Totalitarianism Totalitarianism: ideology where everyones actions and desires fall under the state, state has total control of people’s lives and economy, believes that government needs to have total control and influence over lives of citizens (people are puppets to government) ○ What are the four methods of control/enforcement used in totalitarian states? (Be able to explain each of them) Propaganda/censorship, police terror, indoctrination, ethnic/race persecution ○ What type of leader is normally associated with totalitarian states? dictators ○ How does the government look in a totalitarian state? Government takes absolute control, manages people’s lives and freedom Fascism: a way of governing based on extreme nationalism, racism, and suppression of opposition ○ What are the characteristics of Fascism? Totalitarian rule, nationalism, anti-democracy, suppressed opposition, cults ○ Where did it start in Europe? Italy after ww1 ○ Who was Benito Mussolini and why is he important? founder of Italian Fascism and the dictator of Italy. Musolini promise to overthrow political roots (communists, upper-class members) and make italy prosper, bring country to golden age, led the country during World War II Stalin ○ How did Stalin come to power in Russia? After Lenin's death, Stalin maneuvered to consolidate power within the Communist Party. He outmaneuvered political rivals, such as Leon Trotsky, by building alliances Stalin one of lenin’s secretarary (handles communication for boss). ○ What were some of the control methods he used? Terror, secret police, propaganda, censorship, forced labor ○ What was the name of Stalin’s plans for industrialization? What was their overall purpose? 5 year plan. To rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union and transform it into a modern, self-sufficient economy ○ What were his policies for agriculture? Farms were consolidated into large, state-controlled enterprises called collective farms (kolkhozes). Private land ownership was abolished. Wealthier peasants, known as kulaks, were labeled as enemies of the state for resisting collectivization. Weimar Republic ○ What was the Treaty of Versailles and how did it impact Germany?  ○ the peace treaty that officially ended World War I. Germany lost territory, forced to accept responsibility for the war, and pay reparations ○ What was the Weimar Republic? the democratic government established in Germany after World War I ○ What were the reasons why the Weimar Republic failed? Hyperinflation, starvation among people, weak leadership Hitler ○ What was the name of the political group Hitler joined after he returned from WWI? the German Workers' Party (DAP) ○ Why did Hitler gain so much power within the political group? He was charismatic, used propaganda effectively, visualized as a leader ○ What ideologies did Hitler promote? Nationalism, racial discrimination, anti-communism, totalitarianism ○ How did Hitler become Chancellor? conservative politicians and business leaders convinced President Paul von Hindenburg to appoint him, believing they could control him. Once in power, Hitler used the Reichstag Fire Decree and Enabling Act to dismantle democracy and establish a dictatorship. Stalin came to power by abusing the powers of the Secretary General. The secretary general was a political post that determined party membership and appointed people to important posts. It also oversaw the recording of communist party events and was supposed to keep people informed. Stalin wormed his way into power by purposely appointing loyalists to important positions and selectively giving people aligned with him more information about party dynamics and events. This meant that Stalin had amassed enormous amounts of support after Lenins death which allowed him to take power.