UNIT 1-Plant Structure And Its Function PDF

 Autotrophic Multicellular Organism With cell wall and chlorophyll Fruit Structure General Physiology and Function  What is fruit? The mature ovary of a flower. The fruit protects the enclosed seeds and, when mature, aids in their dispersal by wind or animals. While the seeds...

 Autotrophic Multicellular Organism With cell wall and chlorophyll Fruit Structure General Physiology and Function  What is fruit? The mature ovary of a flower. The fruit protects the enclosed seeds and, when mature, aids in their dispersal by wind or animals. While the seeds are developing from ovules, the flower develops into a fruit  Technically, market produce, such as cucumber, tomatoes, and sugar snap peas, are fruits—not vegetables.  A vegetable is an edible plant part without seeds, such as celery (a stem), lettuce (leaves), and carrots (roots).  Fertilization triggers hormonal changes that cause the ovary to begin its transformation into a fruit. What happen if a flower has not been pollinated?  During fruit development, the ovary wall becomes the pericarp, the thickened wall of the fruit. In some fruits, such as soybean pods, the ovary wall dries out completely at maturity, whereas in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy.  In still others, such as peaches, the inner part of the ovary becomes stony (the pit) while the outer parts stay fleshy. As the ovary grows, the other parts of the flower usually wither and are shed. Classifications of Fruit ✓Simple Fruit ✓Aggregate Fruit ✓Multiple Fruit ✓Accessory Fruit EXAMPLES: ✓ Simple Fruit EXAMPLES: ✓ Aggregate Fruit EXAMPLES: ✓ Multiple Fruit EXAMPLES: ✓ Accessory Fruit EXAMPLES: ✓ Multiple Fruit EXAMPLES: ✓ Simple Fruit EXAMPLES: ✓ Simple Fruit EXAMPLES: ✓ Aggregate Fruit EXAMPLES: ✓ Aggregate Fruit EXAMPLES: ✓ Aggregate Fruit Simple Fruit develops from a single carpel (or several fused carpels) of one flower (examples: pea, lemon, peanut). Aggregate Fruit Develops from many separate carpels of one flower (examples: raspberry, blackberry, strawberry). Aggregate Fruit Contains many fleshy fruits produced from single ovaries of the same flower. Multiple Fruit Develops from many carpels of the many flowers that form an inflorescence (examples: pineapple, fig). Multiple Fruit Contains many fused fruits produced from simple ovaries of individual flowers. Accessory Fruit sometimes called FALSE FRUIT Accessory Fruit Develops largely from tissues other than the ovary. In the apple fruit, the ovary is embedded in a fleshy receptacle.  Fruit usually ripens about the same time that its seeds complete their development. Whereas the ripening of a dry fruit, such as a soybean pod, involves the aging and drying out of fruit tissues, the process in a fleshy fruit is more elaborate.  Complex interactions of hormones result in an edible fruit that entices animals that disperse the seeds. The fruit’s “pulp” becomes softer as enzymes digest components of cell walls.  The color usually changes from green to a more overt color, such as red, orange, or yellow. The fruit becomes sweeter as organic acids or starch molecules are converted to sugar, which may reach a concentration of 20% in a ripe fruit.