Philosophical Perspective on Self - UNDS 111

the philosophical perspective about self chapter 1 UNDS 111 What would you ask to yourself right now?  what is philosophy? Philosophy is often called the mother of all disciplines simply because all fields of study began as philosophical discourses.  ph...

the philosophical perspective about self chapter 1 UNDS 111 What would you ask to yourself right now?  what is philosophy? Philosophy is often called the mother of all disciplines simply because all fields of study began as philosophical discourses.  philosophy philo shopia love wisdom who am i? what am i? why am i?  The people tend to search for truth. Search is to look for something. Search for meaning. Search for answers. Search for importance, significance, value, and relevance philosophy & the self SOCRATES know thyself  for him, by fully knowing oneself a person will be able to achieve happiness. he could be considered as the first martyr of education, knowledge and philosophy. Thus, dying as a martyr that fought against ignorance and narrow-mindedness.  socrates also posited that possession of knowledge is a virtue and that ignorance is a criminal “SOCRATIC METHOD” by continuously asking and evaluating who we are, we as a person will also be able to understand our strengths and weaknesses PLATO the self is the soul  “father of the academy” according to Plato, a person who is a follower of truth and wisdom will not be tempted by vices and will always be just. plato presented the idea the ones’ soul is divided into 3 different parts that has different views leading to different behaviors plato’s 3 part of the soul appetitive soul part of the person that is driven by desire and need to satisfy oneself spirited soul attributed to the courageous part of a person, one who wants to do something or to right the wrongs that they observe. rational soul “the conscious mind.” the driver of our lives, this is the part that thinks and plan for the future. ST. AUGUSTINE i am doubting, therefore i am  “belief that everything is better if we devote ourselves” his idea of a man and how to understand who we are as a person is related to our understanding of who we are and how we question ourselves St. Augustine also rejected the doubtfulness of the academy in which one cannot or should not accept ideas from others.  people is in need to establish their relationship with god through being virtuous, but at the same time, to be able to stand by on what we think is true by continuously questioning and finding the truth will we be able to find the best answer to who we are and what our role is in the world RENE DESCARTES i think, therefore i am  also known to be the proponent of the “Methodical Doubt” which simply meant of a continuous process of questioning. “Cogito Ergo Sum” According to him a person is comprised of mind and body, the body that perceives from the different senses and the mind that thinks and question or doubt what the body has experienced JOHN LOCKE the self is consciousness  his work on the self is most represented by the concept “Tabula Rasa” which means a Blank Slate. unlike what the other Philosophers view on human experiences and senses, John Locke does not disregard the experiences of the person in the identification and establishment of who we are as a person.  he stated that a person is born with knowing nothing and that is susceptible to stimulation and accumulation of learning from the experiences, failures, references, and observations of the person DAVID HUME there is no self  according to him, there is no permanent “self”, that since our impressions of things based from our experiences and from such impressions we can create our ideas and knowledge leads to the argument that since our impression and ideas change, it may improve or totally be replaced the impression of “self” IMMANUEL KANT we construct our self  kant argued that the awareness of different emotions that we have, impressions and behavior is only a part of our self. “Transcendental Apperception” we also have the capabilities to understand beyond those experiences and be able to think and have a clear identification who we are SIGMUND FREUD the ego is not master of its own house  freud believed that we are a by-product of our experiences in the past. Driven by the idea of resisting or avoiding pain, and are molded from our need for pleasure or being happy. he also introduced the idea that the accumulation of the experiences of a person helps build his personality although such information are not identification who we are level of consciousness conscious where minority of our memories are being stored and the memories that are in the conscious is easier to be tapped or accessed. pre-consscious the middle part of the entirety of our consciousness, the memories stored in this area can still be accessed but with a little difficulty. unconscious this area is where majority of our memories since childhood are deeply stored.  believed that man has different constructs of personality that interacts with each other and along with his concept of the different levels of consciousness provides an idea how a person develops a sense of self.  aspect of personality ID SUPEREGO EGO also known as the child is the conscience of the sometimes known as the aspect of a person, The one’s personality, has Police or the mediator ID’s attention is on the inclination to between id and satisfaction of one’s uphold justice and do superego. It operates needs and self- what is morally right within the boundaries of reality, primary function gratification. It is driven and socially acceptable is to maintain the by the pleasure actions. impulses of the ID to an principle. acceptable degree. GILBERT RYLE the self is the way people behave  to him, once we encounter others, their perceptions of what we do, how we act, and the way we behave will then result to the understanding of other people and establishing of who we are. the idea of Ryle is saying that the things that we do, how we behave and react and all other components like the way we talk, walk, and look is generally who we are as a person. PAUL CHURCHLAND the self is the brain  churchland’s work revolves around challenging of the notion and terms being used to explain behavior or to explain how a person feels, thinks, and act with regards to physiological phenomenon that is happening in the body built the idea of “eliminative materialism”. Basically, eliminative materialism opposes that people’s common sense understanding of the mind is false MAURICE JEAN JACQUES MARLEAU-PONTY the self is embodied subjectivity  the unity of the function of the mind and body, this idea is called the Phenomenology of Perception. his idea of perception follows the idea of Gestalt psychology which gives important on the whole than the sum of its part.  PHENOMENOLOGY OF PERCEPTION people & the the body perceived world world both receives the are the accumulation of enable one to not only be experience as well as the perception as able to integrate the integrates such integrated by the other objects in the world experiences in the experiences of the but also to be able to different perception. body. experience the cultural aspect and relate to others.  Concept Check Week 2 Based on the concepts of the different Philosophers, how CANVAS do I understand myself? ACTIVITY What led up to this self? (Real Life Application) Minimum of 150 words/2 paragraphs with Examples UNDS  UNDS The Self From Various Perspectives Home Topics Trending Subscription Library Philosophy Sociology Anthropology History Watch later Psychology Western Eastern SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF CHAPTER 2  It is important to understand that the establishment of the “Self” based on social Sociology structures could give us a better understanding of who we are and provide reasons how our interactions can affect us as a person.  UNDS Sociological Perspective of the Self SOCIOLOGY Study of how human society is established, its structure and how it works, the people interaction with each other and the effects they have to one another is an aspect in which we have consider with regards to development of a person.  SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS 1. FAMILY 6.EDUCATION 2.RELIGION 7.SCIENCE 3.LAW 8.MEDICINE 4.POLITICS 9.MILITARY 5.ECONOMICS 10.MASS MEDIA  UNDS Sociological Perspective of the Self Sociologist are concerned about the following questions: How does the society influence you? How do you affect the society? How are you as a person in the community? GEORGE HERBERT MEAD AND THE SOCIAL SELF - An American Sociologist, considered as the Father of American pragmatism. - One of the pioneers in the field of social psychology because of his contributions on the development of the person relating to various social factors. GEORGE HERBERT MEAD AND THE SOCIAL SELF - Mead rejected the idea of biological determination of the self which proposes that an individual already has an established self from the moment he is born. - He reiterated that the process of establishing the self is through the construction and reconstruction of the idea of who we are as a person during the process of social experience. GEORGE HERBERT MEAD AND THE SOCIAL SELF Mead proposes that there are two components of the self which the person have, these components are the “I” and the “Me”. the reaction of the individual to the attitude “I” of others, as well as the manifestation of the individuality of the person are the characteristics, behavior, and or actions done by a person that follows the “ME” “generalized others” that person interacts with. MEAD PROPOSED THAT THERE ARE THREE STAGES IN WHICH A PERSON HAS TO GO THROUGH FOR ONE TO DEVELOP ONE’S SELF. THESE STAGES ARE: Preparation Game stage /Language Stage Play stage - Language & -recognize the rules of - Imitation the game Symbols - Interactions - Role taking - identify their roles and the roles of the lack meaning others Mead’s Three Role-playing Stages of Self Development CHARLES HORTON COOLEY People are born imprinted with our fictitious identities. Our society gem in name and a way to become who we are. One of the foremost sociologists who is deviating from the conventional and is considered an eccentric in find CHARLES HORTON COOLEY Looking Glass Self is a psychosociological concept introduced by Charles Cooley in 1900. Components: 1. We imagine how we must appear before others. 2. We imagine and react to what we feel about the judgments about our appearance. 3. We develop ourselves through the judgment of others. SELF-IMAGE The self-image allows individuals to create a concept of themselves, including personality characteristics and external appearance. This concept represents a duality of we, like the ideal self, where the individual is satisfied with both the mental image of himself that is real and the idea that represents him, created by his own beliefs, not inspired by anyone but different in the better sense of the word he is trying to fulfill because he thinks it is right. SELF ESTEEM People's self-esteem plays a crucial role in Cooley's theory as it is from here that they determine their self-image. It depends on the amount of self-confidence and how an individual maintains his identity. IDEAL SELF A person's ideal self is determined by people in his surroundings, the character of these people, and their achievements. URIE BRONFENBRENNER In ecological systems theory, various environmental systems influence human development including (but not limited to) family, community, and school. Researchers, policymakers, and practitioners are interested in how youths spend their discretionary time outside the regular school day. "ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THEORY" Microsystem The most proximal ecological level is the individual's home environment including interactions with other individuals in the household. "ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THEORY" Mesosystem multiple microsystems in which individuals are embedded "ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THEORY" Exosystem The exosystem consists of the microsystems in which individuals are embedded but not directly involved. The system "trickles down" to influence development, most notably through its effect on connected individuals. "ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THEORY" Macrosystem the overarching set of beliefs, values and norms that shape the cultural, religious, and socioeconomic organization. As a lens through which experience is interpreted, the macrosystem determines the Implications of experience for an individual. THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES Serafin N. Macaraig Fr.Valentin Marin -First Filipino to acquire a -Introduced Sociology in the doctorate degree in sociology Philippines, and opened a and publish a book entitled An program of Criminology at UST Introduction to Sociology in in the 1950's. 1938  THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES 1950 A.W. Salt and Murray Bartlett 1957 1972 offered a Sociology course in UP. The CDRC UP was the first (Community school that offered a Clyde Hetlin at Siliman Development University in Dumaguete and a bachelor's degree in Research Council) Sociology. Filipino Social Scientists was created to Xavier University Conrado Benitez and Luis conduct and was given credit as Rivera were among the first support social the fest school, which teachers of Sociology in the science opened a doctorate Philippines. researchers. program in Sociology 1952 1960 Filipino Pioneers in Fr. Frank Lynch, SJ Sociology organized founded the Institute the Philippine of the Philippine Sociological Society Culture at the Ateneo De Manila University. ACTIVITY ACTIVITY ANTHROPOLOGICAL SELF Anthropology Systematic study of humanity, with the goal of understanding our evolutionary origins, our distinctiveness as a species, and the great diversity in our forms of social existence across the world and through time. 3 The Sub-disciplines of Anthropology 5 Cultural Anthropology study how people who share a common cultural system organize and shape the physical and social world around them, and are in turn shaped by those ideas, behaviors, and physical environments. 6 Cultural Anthropology Ethnography requires fieldwork to collect data after descriptive and specific to a group. Cultural Anthropology Ethnography requires fieldwork to collect data after descriptive and specific to a group. Cultural Anthropology Ethnology is the comparative study of two or more cultures. Ethnology utilizes the data taken from ethnographic research and applies it to a single cross cultural topic. 9 Cultural Anthropology Ethnology is the comparative study of two or more cultures. Ethnology utilizes the data taken from ethnographic research and applies it to a single cross cultural topic. 10 “NAGULAT AKO” WHAT HAPPENED? SIGE NGA, PAANO ANG GULAT? 12 Archeological the study of cultures that lived in Anthropology the past. It is a subfield of anthropology, the study of human cultures. 13 Archeological the study of cultures that lived in Anthropology the past. It is a subfield of anthropology, the study of human cultures. 14 Biological Anthropology also known as physical anthropology, is a scientific discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly from an evolutionary perspective. 17 Biological Anthropology also known as physical anthropology, is a scientific discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly from an evolutionary perspective. 18 19 20 21 Linguistic Anthropology is a branch of anthropology that studies the role of language in the social lives of individuals and communities. 22 Linguistic Anthropology is a branch of anthropology that studies the role of language in the social lives of individuals and communities. 23 24  25 24 Cultural Relativism 26 27 Culture as hindrance of our Identity (?) “culture influences our beliefs about what is true and false, our attitudes including our likes and dislikes, our values regarding what is right and wrong, and our behaviors.” 28 “The purpose of anthropology is to make the world safe for human differences” Anthropologist Ruth Benedict (1887-1948) 29