UM-CA-GenEd-Science-Part-2 PDF
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Uploaded by IngenuousFactorial5916
University of Mindanao
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This document is part 2 of a general science course covering astronomy and earth science, including topics on planets, the moon, and the sun. The sections also discuss the Earth's layers and the hydrosphere. It has an overview of fundamental concepts in various topics.
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GENERAL EDUCATION-SCIENCE I. ASTRONOMY - study of everything in the universe beyond Earth’s atmosphere A. Planets Planetary Motions ü REVOLUTION - All planets revolve around the sun in the same direction. - R...
GENERAL EDUCATION-SCIENCE I. ASTRONOMY - study of everything in the universe beyond Earth’s atmosphere A. Planets Planetary Motions ü REVOLUTION - All planets revolve around the sun in the same direction. - Revolves eastward/ from west to east/ counterclockwise ü ROTATION - All planets, except Venus and Uranus rotate in the same direction - Rotates eastward/ from west to east/ counterclockwise Inner/Terrestrial Planets 1. Mercury- 1 revolution: 88 earth days - smallest planet - fastest revolving planet 2. Venus- hottest planet - brightest planet in our solar system - twin planet of Earth - Earth’s closest neighbouring planet 3. Earth- tilted axis 23.5 ° - only planet with life - shape: oblate spheroid 4. Mars- red planet - two moons: Phobos and Deimos Asteroid Belt- located between Mars and Jupiter Outer/Jovian or Gas Planets 5. Jupiter- largest planet - 92 moons - 4 Galilean moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto 6. Saturn- most famous ringed planet - 83 moons 7. Uranus- has at least 27 moons 8. Neptune- has at least 8 moons - color blue due to methane Pluto- dwarf planet (1930- 2006) - Found in the Kuiper belt B. Earth’s Moon The rotational rate matches the rate of revolution; thus, the same side of the moon is always facing the Earth (Tidal lock). 8 Phases of the Moon 1. New moon 5. Full moon 2. Waxing crescent 6. Waning gibbous 3. First quarter 7. Last quarter 4. Waxing gibbous 8. Waning crescent DISTANCE OF THE MOON AND THE EARTH Perigee- moon closest to the Earth Apogee- moon farthest from the Earth Lunar missions LUNAR MISSIONS Apollo 11- first successful manned mission to the moon. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin- first men on moon (July 16, 1969, 8:18 PM)- Apollo 11 mission. C. The Sun - yellow star (average or medium-sized) Perihelion- Sun is closest to the Earth. Aphelion- Sun is farthest from the Earth. D. Asteroids - space rocks located in the asteroid belt Meteoroid- debris chipped off from an asteroid Meteor- when it enters the atmosphere Meteorite- when it hits the land E. Comets - means long-haired - Small body of rock, iron, ice, methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide that orbit the sun elliptically - Halley's comet: appears every 76 years F. Stars - a ball of hydrogen and helium - Blue: hottest star - Red: coolest star - Northern Star: Polaris of the Ursa Minor (Little Bear) II. EARTH SCIENCE A. The Earth’s Layers 1. Crust- Earth’s surface; outermost layer of the Earth o Oceanic Crust o Continental Crust 2. Mantle- rocky, mostly made up of Si and O 3. Core- innermost central part of the Earth o Outer core (liquid)- made up of iron and nickel o Inner core (solid)- made up of iron Earthquake- any movement of the ground due to volcanic eruption or tectonic plate movement. Focus- the point of origin where the movement of fault happens. Epicenter- the place above the focus Magnitude: measurement of energy released. Richter Scale by Charles Richter Intensity: the damage produced and the reaction of people. Mercalli Intensity Scale. B. Hydrosphere Three-quarters (75%) of the Earth’s surface is submerged in water. Five Oceans (PAISA) 1. Pacific Ocean 2. Atlantic Ocean 3. Indian Ocean 4. Southern Ocean (Antarctic) 5. Arctic Ocean
