Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Social and Political Stratification PDF 2020

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Summary

This is a learning module on social and political stratification for Grade 11/12 students in the Philippines. It covers social categorization, socioeconomic strata, and the concepts of social and political stratification. The module is part of a larger Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics course, and the content is designed according to the 2020 curriculum.

Full Transcript

**Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics** **Quarter 2 -- Module 6** ![](media/image2.png)**Social and Political Stratification** **Department of Education Republic of the Philippines** **Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Grade 11/12** **Alternative Delivery Mode** **Quarter...

**Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics** **Quarter 2 -- Module 6** ![](media/image2.png)**Social and Political Stratification** **Department of Education Republic of the Philippines** **Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Grade 11/12** **Alternative Delivery Mode** **Quarter 2 -- Module 6: Social and Political Stratification** **First Edition, 2020** **Republic Act 8293, section 176** states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalty. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. **Published by the Department of Education -- Division of Cagayan de Oro** **City** **Schools Division Superintendent**: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Development Team of the Learning Activity Sheets** | | | | Author/s: Roy H. Lumban, PhD | | | | Reviewers: Sylvio C. Carciller,PhD | | | | Charleah A.Matig-a | | | | Ma. Deanna D.Manuel | | | | Paz S. Pacturan | | | | Illustrator and Layout Artist: Paul Badon | | | | Management Team | | | | Chairperson: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V | | | | *Schools Division Superintendent* | | | | Co-Chairpersons: Alicia E. Anghay, PhD, CESE | | | | *Asst. Schools Division Superintendent* | | | | Members: | | | | Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief | | | | Romeo B. Aclo, EPS-Araling Panlipunan | | | | Joel D. Potane, LRMS Manager | | | | Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II | | | | Gemma Pajayon, PDO II | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education -- Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Office Address: Fr. William F. Masterson Ave., Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City Telefax: (08822) 855-0048 E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city\@deped.gov.ph **Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics** **Quarter 2 -- Module 6** **Social and Political Stratification** ![](media/image4.png) We value your feedback and recommendations. Department of Education Republic of the Philippines Table of Contents {#table-of-contents.TOCHeading} ================= **COVER PAGEi** COPYRIGHT PAGEii TITLE PAGEiii **TABLE OF CONTENTSiv** WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUTv WHAT I NEED TO KNOWv **HOW TO LEARN FROM THIS MODULEvi** ICONS OF THIS MODULEvii WHAT I KNOWviii **Lesson 1: Social Desirables/Social Mobility System**1 **Summary**8 Assessment9 Key to Answers11 References**12** **What This Module is About** This learning material will help you understand the social categorization of people in the society based on their characteristics. It describes the layering of these categories into higher and lower position. Different social classes are also discussed as well as the moving of people from one social status to another. Activities are provided to enhance your learning. Be curious to discover your ascribed and achieved statuses in the social structure. **What I Need to Know** At the end of this module, you should be able to: - Examine stratification from the functionalist and conflict perspectives; **(UCSP11/12HSOI\--IIc-30)** **How to Learn from this Module** The following are your guides for the proper use of this module: **To the Learner:** 1. Follow closely to the instructions in every activity. 2. Answer the pre-test before going over the material to find out what you already know. 3. Answer all the exercises at the end of every lesson. 4. Review the lesson that you find difficult to understand. Be resourceful. 5. All answers should be written in the module, unless, otherwise specified, example: sheet of paper or bondpaper 6. All output should be placed in a folder which will serve as your portfolio. It should be arranged in a sequential order. 7. Seek assistance from your teacher and parents/guardian. **To the Teacher:** 1. Communicate with parents and learners regularly for updates and feedback. 2. Make sure that all activities are complied before accepting them. 3. You may contextualize or localize your activity as long as it is still within the bound of the learning competency. **To the Parents/Guardian:** 1. Closely monitor your child's progress. 2. Do not answer the activities for your child. Just guide them in doing it. 3. Support your child. Talk to him/her about his/her journey with this module. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Icons of this | | | | Module** | | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | ![](media/image6.png) | What I Need to Know | This part contains | | | | learning objectives | | | Learning Objectives | that are set for you | | | | to learn as you go | | | | along the module. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | What I Know? | This is an assessment | | | | as to your level of | | | Pre-Assessment | knowledge to the | | | | subject matter at | | | | hand, meant | | | | specifically to gauge | | | | prior related | | | | knowledge. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | ![](media/image8.png) | What's In? | This part connects | | | | previous lesson with | | | Review Activity | that of the current | | | | one. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | What's New? | An introduction of | | | | the new lesson | | | Motivational Activity | through various | | | | activities, before it | | | | will be presented to | | | | you. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | ![](media/image10.png | What is It? | These are discussions | | ) | | as a way to deepen | | | Lesson Proper | your discovery and | | | | understanding of the | | | | concept. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | What's More? | These are follow-up | | | | activities that are | | | Performance Task | intended for you to | | | | practice further in | | | | order to master the | | | | competencies. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | ![](media/image12.png | What I Have Learned? | Activities designed | | ) | | to process what you | | | Generalization | have learned from the | | | | lesson. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | What I Can Do? | These are tasks that | | | | are designed to show | | | Application | case your skills and | | | | knowledge gained, and | | | | applied into | | | | real-life concerns | | | | and situations. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | ![](media/image14.png | Assessment | This evaluates your | | ) | | level of mastery in | | | Post-Assessment | achieving the | | | | learning objectives | | | | of the lesson. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **What I Know** **PRETEST** **Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.** 1. It consists of the elite or wealthy families. a. lower class c. ascribed status b. upper class d. achieved status 2. It is one in which people are born into their social standing and will remain in it their whole lives. a. caste and closed-class system c. middle class b. open class system d. lower class 3. The individual's position in the social structure. a. upper class c. status b. middle class d. statuses 4. A society's categorization of people into socioeconomic strata/layer, based on their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power. a. vertical mobility c. political stratification b. horizontal mobility d. social stratification 5. Status earned by the individual. a. status c. ascribed status b. achieved status d. statuses 6. The act of moving from one social status to another. a. social mobility c. social stratification b. political stratification d. differentiation 7. People in the social class who depend merely on their paycheck. a. middle class c. upper class b. lower class d. social class 8. It refers to the evaluation of status. a. esteem c. differentiation b. prestige d. stratification 9. The method of relating people in terms of certain social characteristics and then classifying them into social categories based on their characteristics. a. social structure c. differentiation b. social mobility d. political stratification 10. These are mostly professional people like lawyers, doctors, manager, owners of small businesses, executives, etc. a. upper class c. lower class b. social class d. middle class 11. The movement of a person within a social class level. a. horizontal mobility c. statuses b. vertical mobility d. status 12. Assigned by the society on the basis of some fixed category. a. Status c. ascribed status b. achieved status d. statuses 13. The movement of a person between social class levels or another class a. horizontal mobility c. vertical mobility b. upper class d. middle class 14. Individuals can change their social class in the society. a. caste and closed-class system c. social status b. social class d. open class system 15. It refers to the assessment of our role behaviour. a. class c. prestige b. esteem d. statu +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | **Lesson** | | | | +=============+=============+=============+=============+=============+ | | | **Social | | | | | | Desirables/ | | | | | | Social | | | | | | Mobility | | | | | | System** | | | | | | | | | | | | **Learning | | | | | | Competency: | | | | | | ** | | | | | | Examine | | | | | | stratificat | | | | | | ion | | | | | | from the | | | | | | functionali | | | | | | st | | | | | | | | | | | | and | | | | | | conflict | | | | | | perspective | | | | | | s | | | | | | | | | | | | **(UCSP11/1 | | | | | | 2HSOI\--IIc | | | | | | -30)** | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | **1** | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ ![](media/image8.png) **What's In** Welcome back! How are you? Despite of the uncertainties brought by covid-19 pandemic, we strongly believe that education must continue. Many questions are yet to be answered; many fears are yet to be faced but we firmly hold on to our hope of a better future through education. Amidst these challenges, here we are taking baby steps at a time onwards to reaching our dreams. Before we move on the main topic of this module, please share below your learning from the module about Education. I learned that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hat's New** **Activity 1:** **IT'S ME** Identify five (5) traits/characteristics/qualities that you possess and state which of these you inherited from your parents and which of these you can change as you grow up. +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **Traits/Charac | **Inherited | **You want to | | | teristics/Quali | from parents?** | change when you | | | ties** | | grow up** | | | | **(Yes or No)** | | | | | | **(put a check | | | | | √ mark)** | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | 1 | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | 2 | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | 3 | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | 4 | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | 5 | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ ![](media/image15.png) **Social and Political Stratification** **Differentiation** is the method of relating people in terms of certain social characteristics and then classifying them into social categories based on their characteristics; it does not involve ranking. For example, we may differentiate people according to sex, age, occupation, education, etc. We then place them in a particular social category. The layering of these categories into higher and lower position of prestige or respect is called social stratification. **Social stratification** is a society's categorization of people into socioeconomic strata/layer, based on their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power (social and political). **Three Social Classes** 1. **The upper class** -- consists of the elite or wealthy families who are the most prolific (productive) in their respective areas. They value heritage most over wealth. 2. **The middle class** -- these are mostly professional people like lawyers, doctors, manager, owners of small businesses, executives, etc. They value education most since education to them is the most important measure of social status. 3. **The lower class** -- these are the office and clerical workers, skilled and unskilled craftsman, farm employees, underemployed, indigent families, etc. They depend on their paycheck. **Status** is the individual's position in the social structure. The higher or lower positions that come about through social stratification are called **statuses**. For example, some people are high government officials while others are salesmen, utility workers, etc. Statuses do not relate to the individual themselves but rather to the position into which they have been placed. **Social Desirables** Any rational individual will always aspire for things that give wealth, power, and prestige. The ability of an individual to realize such aspiration is constrained by situations where one is born into. **Ascribed statuses** are assigned or given by the society or group on the basis of some fixed category. Examples are sex, family background, ethnicity, etc. **Achieved statuses** are earned by the individual. Examples are honours received in school, good job, award for winning a competition, etc. **Prestige and Esteem** **Prestige** refers to the evaluation of status. You have prestige according to your status. For example, being a senior student, you have the prestige of a senior student at your school. The prestige does not apply directly to you as a person, but rather to the social category to which you belong (senior class). **Esteem** refers to the assessment of our role behaviour. The measure of esteem we have depends on how well we carry out our role. If you perform well, get an outstanding rating, you get and have a high esteem. **Political Stratification** Political stratification is the extent to which inequalities are encapsulated in, or influenced by political structures and processes regarding influence, power and authority. **Social Mobility System/Structure** **Social mobility** is the act of moving from one social status to another. **Open class system** means that individuals can change their social class in the society. People are free to gain a different level of education or employment than their parents. They can also socialize with members of other classes, which allow people to move from one class to another. **Caste and closed-class system**, people can do little or nothing to change their social standing. People are born into their social standing and will remain in it. People are assigned occupations regardless of their talents, interests, or potential. **Types of Social Mobility** **Horizontal mobility** is the movement of a person within a social class level. For example, a factory worker who finds a new job as a construction worker. **Vertical mobility** is the movement of a person between social class levels or another class. For example, a factory worker who enrols in college and becomes a businessman. **What's More** **Activity 2: STATUS** Based on the concepts in this lesson, list down your ascribed and achieved status. **No.** **Ascribed Status** **No.** **Achieved Status** --------- --------------------- --------- --------------------- 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 **Activity 3: JUMBLED LETTERS** Answer the questions by arranging the jumbled letters. Place your answers at the last column. +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | No. | Question | Jumbled Letters | Answer | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | 1 | The | TTSASU | | | | individual's | | | | | position in the | | | | | social | | | | | structure. | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | 2 | The movement of | ARETVIC | | | | a person | | | | | between social | TLOBMIIY | | | | class levels or | | | | | another class. | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | 3 | Status earned | EDHCAIV | | | | by the | | | | | individual. | USTTAS | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | 4 | People can do | ETSAC | | | | little or | | | | | nothing to | YSETMS | | | | change their | | | | | social | | | | | standing. | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | 5 | Individuals can | PENO LCSSA | | | | change their | | | | | social class in | TEMYSS | | | | the society | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ ![](media/image18.png) **What I Have Learned** **Activity 4: POWER OF THREE** Briefly explain what you have learned about the three (3) social classes mentioned in the concept page. 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. **Rubric for the Activity** **Criteria** **Rating** ----------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ --- --- --- --- The answer relates entirely to the assigned topic. 5 4 3 2 1 The answer conveys a genuine personal view regarding the topic. 5 4 3 2 1 The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content. 5 4 3 2 1 Total points (15) **WHAT I CAN DO?** **Activity 5: FROM RAGS TO RICHES** 1. Research one (1) male or female Filipino who has a "rags to riches" life story. Include on your research his/her ascribed and achieved status in life. If possible, attached picture/s of this person. 2. Use the space below or a long bondpaper for your answer. **SUMMARY** - Differentiation is the method of relating people in terms of certain social characteristics and then classifying them into social categories based on their characteristics; it does not involve ranking. - Social stratification is a society's categorization of people into socioeconomic strata/layer, based on their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power (social and political). - The three social classes are the upper class, middle class, lower class. - Status is the individual's position in the social structure. - Ascribed status are assigned or given by the society or group on the basis of some fixed category. - Achieved statuses are earned by the individual. - Prestige refers to the evaluation of status. You have prestige according to your status. - Esteem refers to the assessment of our role behaviour. The measure of esteem we have depends on how well we carry out our role. - Political stratification is the extent to which inequalities are influenced by political structures and processes regarding influence, power and authority. - Social mobility is the act of moving from one social status to another. - Open class system means that individuals can change their social class in the society. - Caste and closed-class system, people can do little or nothing to change their social standing. - - Horizontal mobility is the movement of a person within a social class level. - Vertical mobility is the movement of a person between social class levels or another class **ASSESSMENT** **POSTTEST** **Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.** 1. It consists of the elite or wealthy families. a. lower class c. ascribed status b. upper class d. achieved status 2. It is one in which people are born into their social standing and will remain in it their whole lives. a. caste and closed-class system c. middle class b. open class system d. lower class 3. The individual's position in the social structure. a. upper class c. status b. middle class d. statuses 4. A society's categorization of people into socioeconomic strata/layer, based on their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power. a. vertical mobility c. political stratification b. horizontal mobility d. social stratification 5. Status earned by the individual. a. status c. ascribed status b. achieved status d. statuses 6. The act of moving from one social status to another. a. social mobility c. social stratification b. political stratification d. differentiation 7. People in the social class who depend merely on their paycheck. a. middle class c. upper class b. lower class d. social class 8. It refers to the evaluation of status. a. esteem c. differentiation b. prestige d. stratification 9. The method of relating people in terms of certain social characteristics and then classifying them into social categories based on their characteristics. a. social structure c. differentiation b. social mobility d. political stratification 10. These are mostly professional people like lawyers, doctors, manager, owners of small businesses, executives, etc. a. upper class c. lower class b. social class d. middle class 11. The movement of a person within a social class level. a. horizontal mobility c. statuses b. vertical mobility d. status 12. Assigned by the society on the basis of some fixed category. a. Status c. ascribed status b. achieved status d. statuses 13. The movement of a person between social class levels or another class a. horizontal mobility c. vertical mobility b. upper class d. middle class 14. Individuals can change their social class in the society. a. caste and closed-class system c. social status b. social class d. open class system 15. It refers to the assessment of our role behaviour. a. class c. prestige b. esteem d. status **REFERENCE** Antonio P. Contreras, Arleigh Ross D. Dela Cruz, Dennis S. Erasga, Cecile C. Fadrigon, *Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics,* Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2016, 241-247. Ederlina D. Baleña, Dolores M. Lucero, Arnel M. Peralta, *Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics for Senior High School,* Quezon City: Educational Resources Corporation, 2016, 127-133. \"Chapter 9. Social Stratification in Canada -- Introduction to Sociology -- 1st Canadian Edition.\" BC Open Textbooks -- Open Textbooks Adapted and Created by BC Faculty. Last modified November 6, 2014. \"8.1 Systems of Stratification -- Sociology.\" Open Textbooks · University of Minnesota Libraries. Last modified April 8, 2016. https://open.lib.umn.edu/sociology/chapter/8-1-systems-of-stratification \"Social Mobility \| Boundless Sociology.\" Lumen Learning -- Simple Book Production. Accessed June 14, 2020. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/social-mobility/ **Management Team** Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III Regional Director Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V Asst. Regional Director Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V *Schools Division Superintendent* Alicia E. Anghay, PhD, CESE Asst. *Schools Division Superintendent* Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD Members: Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., EPS-ADM Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief Romeo B. Aclo, EPS-Araling Panlipunan Joel D. Potane, LRMS Manager Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II Gemma Pajayon, PDO II

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