UCSP 2nd Quarter - Family and Kinship PDF

**FAMILY** - it is the basic unit of the society. It is founded in a single household commonly united by ties of blood, marriage or adoption. Basically, family entails the parent-child relationship that provides emotional and psychological security brought by warmth, love and companionship. The fam...

**FAMILY** - it is the basic unit of the society. It is founded in a single household commonly united by ties of blood, marriage or adoption. Basically, family entails the parent-child relationship that provides emotional and psychological security brought by warmth, love and companionship. The family code defines family as the basic social institution of the State (article 149). The Philippine Constitution recognizes the family as the foundation of the nation. Thus, it is the duty of the State to strengthen its solidarity and actively promote its total development (Article XV Section 1). **The Origin of the Family:** - God created man in his image; in the divine image He created Him; male and female he created them. God blessed them, saying \"*Be fertile and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it*" (Genesis 1; 27-28) - *The family must advance as society advances, and change as society changes, even as it has done in the past. It is the creature of the social system, and will reflect its culture*. - Lewis Henry Morgan **Types of Family** 1. **Nuclear Family** - it is composed of a couple, commonly called father and mother and their children. It can also be termed as a conjugal family. It is also related to the family of orientation. 2. **Extended Family** - it is the extension of the nuclear family established by unilineal descent groups that could either come from paternal or maternal ancestry. 3. **Other types of family setup:** 1. **Single parent [ ] families** - refer to family units with one parent 2. **Step families** - are family units where one or both members have children from their previous relationship. **Descent System** - is a social structure linking every person by genealogical relationship. It is classified into two categories: **I. CONSANGUINITY** - it refers to people who are connected with one another because of blood relationship. A. **Descendants** - involve people of next generations related to a person through his/her children. B. **Ascendants** - involved relatives from the earlier generations directly allied to the person. - **Kinship** - is a network of relatives within which individuals possess certain mutual rights and obligations. Kinship is defined either by consanguinity or by affinity. **Kinship by Blood** A. **Patrilineal** - children are automatically made members of the father\'s group only. B. **Matrilineal** - children are automatically made members of the mother\'s group only C. **Bilateral Descent** - is used to categorize those children that are made members of all ancestors\' groups, of both parents\'. 1. **First Cousin**: The child of your aunt or uncle (your parent\'s sibling). This is the most common type of cousin and is simply referred to as \"cousin.\" 2. **Second Cousin**: The child of your parent\'s first cousin. In other words, you share great-grandparents with this cousin. 3. **Third Cousin**: The child of your parent\'s second cousin; you share great-great-grandparents with your third cousin. **Kinship by marriage:** A. **Monogamy** - happens when both married partners only have one spouse. B. **Polygamy** - this occurs when one individual has multiple spouses; however even when it is allowed, not all individuals practice it as there are economic obligations to be met such as paying dowry and supporting the spouse and children. - **Fictive Kinship** - relationship associated by attribution in a family rather that birth or marriage. This can be defined into three types: 1. **Adoption** - relationship ensued from the process assuming the parenting of a child transferring permanently all the rights and responsibilities of the biological parents to the adopting parents. 2. **Figurative** - affiliation is extended to a person who is not a kin but plays a role similar to that of a kinsperson. 3. **Ritual Kinship** - This is also possible through ritual or ceremonial in the Philippines or in Latin America, Donn Hart called this kinship as COMPADRINAZGO or the GOD PARENT complex. The ritual with co-parenthood which stresses horizontal relationship or ritual ties binding adults. This time with godparents and natural parents. **II. AFFINITY** - persons related to one another because of marriage such as parents-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law and the like. - **Bilas (brother/sister-in-law)** - spouse of your spouse\'s sibling - **Bayaw** (**brother-in-law)** - spouse\'s male sibling - **Hipag (sister-in-law)** - spouse\'s female sibling - **Manugang (daughter/son-in-law)** - someone married to your son/daughter - **Balae (parents-in-law)** - the parents of your child's spouse **III. Polygyny** - this happens when one man is married to more than one woman simultaneously. Usually practiced in societies where women outnumber the men in the population. **IV. Polyandry** - refers to the condition when one woman is married to more than one man simultaneously. Usually practiced when two men are socially recognized as sires and provide some investment to the same woman and child. **Residency Pattern:** 1. **Patrilocal** - residence refers to a situation \"when a married couple lives in the husband\'s place of residence. 2. **Matrilocal** - residence refers to a situation \"when a married couple lives in the wife\'s place of residence. 3. **Ambilocal** - refers to \"a pattern in which a married couple may choose either patrilocal or matrilocal residence. 4. **Neolocal** - refers to \"a married couple forms a household in a separate location. This occurs where the independence of the nuclear family is emphasized. - **Community** - as a social group residing in a definite locality and sharing the same government, culture and heritage, can be constructed to have originated from the family. - **Clan** - group of families who claim descent from common ancestor. - **Tribe** - clans united by ties of common descent, customs and traditions adhering to the same leader. - **Nation** - group of people bound together by common social origin, language, customs and traditions living in a particular territory headed by a government. **GOVERNMENT** - is known as the entity that manages the affairs of the state. **TYPES OF GOVERNMENT** A. **DEMOCRACY** 1. **Direct democracy** - it means that the power of the government is exercised directly by the people. 2. **Indirect democracy** - the power of the government is exercised by the people through their representatives. The citizens (registered voters) elect their representatives and the latter govern the entire state. Example: USA, Canada, and the Philippines**.** B. **MONARCHY** 3. **Absolute monarchy** - it means that the power of the government is in the hands of the monarch or king; he is the absolute ruler.\ Example: Saudi Arabia, UAE and Brunei. 4. **Limited monarchy** - this is also known as constitutional monarchy. The power of the government is based on what is written in the Constitution.\ Example: United Kingdom, Thailand and Malaysia C. **ARISTOCRACY/OLIGARCHY** - The power of the government is in the hands of the so-called few privileged class where the wealthiest individuals belong. - Aristocracy is a form of government in which political power is held by a select few privileged people called aristocrats or nobles. - Coming from a Greek word meaning \"rule by the best,\" aristocrats are considered the most qualified to rule because of their moral and intellectual superiority. D. **DICTATORIAL/AUTHORITARIAN** - The power of the government is exercised and controlled usually by a single or by a small group of persons. People do not enjoy the freedom being enjoyed in democratic societies such as freedom of expression, speech, press and religion. Example: Philippines - under Ferdinand Marcos, North Korea **THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT** A. **LEGISLATIVE** - its function is to enact, amend, or repeal a law. a. **The Senate**- the Senate is composed of 24 Senators elected for six-year terms. Every three years, half of the Senate is up for election. The Senate is responsible for passing laws, ratifying treaties, and confirming presidential appointments. It plays a crucial role in checks and balances, especially concerning executive decisions b. **The House of Representatives** - the House is made up of representatives from various districts and sectors, including party-list representatives. The number of representatives can vary, but it generally consists of around 300 members. The House is responsible for initiating revenue bills, impeachment proceedings, and other legislative functions. It serves as a platform for representing the interests of the populace. B. **EXECUTIVE** - it is the one in-charge in the administration of the laws and of the state. It has to ensure that the laws are implemented. Headed by the president who is directly elected by the people. Assisted by the vice president elected by the people, cabinet members who are appointed by the president. **Government Agencies part of the executive branch:** **Department of Education (DepEd)** Secretary: Juan Edgardo Angara **Department of Health (DOH)** Secretary: Teodoro \"Ted\" Herbosa **Department of Budget Management (DBM)** Secretary: Amenah Pangandaman **Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)** **National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)** Secretary: Arsenio M. Balisacan **Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)** - Supervises local governments and law enforcement agencies. **Department of Justice (DOJ)** - Administers the legal system, including prosecution services. **Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)** - Provides social welfare programs and services. C. **JUDICIARY** - branch of government that interprets the law. According to the 1987 Constitution, the judicial power is vested upon the Supreme Court and with the lower courts. c. **Supreme Court** d. **Court of Appeals** e. **Regional Trial Courts (RTCs)** f. **Metropolitan Trial Courts (MTCs) and Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs)** **Special Courts and Quasi-Judicial Bodies** **Sandiganbayan**: This is the anti-graft court that deals with cases involving public officials. **Family** **Courts**: Handle cases related to family law, such as marriage and custody issues. **1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES** **The Eighteen Articles of the 1987 Constitution:** **Article I: National Territory** Defines the national territory of the Philippines, including its land, waters, and airspace. **Article II: Declaration of Principles and State Policies** Establishes the fundamental principles and policies that guide the Philippine government, emphasizing democracy, social justice, and the rule of law. **Article III: Bill of Rights** Enumerates the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals, ensuring protection against abuse and discrimination by the state. **Article IV: Citizenship** Defines who are considered citizens of the Philippines, including provisions for natural-born citizens and those who acquire citizenship via law. **Article V: Suffrage** Guarantees the right of citizens to vote and outlines the qualifications and limitations of suffrage. **Article VI: Legislative Department** Establishes the structure, powers, and functions of the legislative branch, which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. **Article VII: Executive Department** Defines the powers and responsibilities of the executive branch, headed by the President, who is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. **Article VIII: Judicial Department** Outlines the structure and powers of the judiciary, emphasizing its independence and role in interpreting the law. **Article IX: Constitutional Commissions** Establishes independent commissions responsible for ensuring free and fair elections, civil service, and auditing government agencies. **Article X: Local Governments** Provides for the organization and powers of local government units, promoting decentralization and local autonomy. **Article XI: Accountability of Public Officers** **Article XII: National Economy and Patrimony** **Article XIII: Social Justice and Human Rights** **Article XIV: Education, Science Technology, Arts, Culture, and Sports** **Article XV: The Family** **Article XVI: General Provisions** **Article XVII: Amendments or Revisions** **Article XVIII: Transitory Provisions** **ARTICLE III: The Bill of Rights (not limited to...)** **Section 1: Right to Due Process and Equal Protection of the Laws** This section guarantees that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law and ensures equal protection under the law for all individuals. It establishes the principle that laws should be applied fairly and without discrimination. **Section 2: Right to Privacy** It protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures of their person, houses, papers, and effects. This section upholds the sanctity of personal privacy and requires law enforcement to obtain a warrant based on probable cause. **Section 4: Freedom of Speech, of the Press, and of the People to Assemble** This section guarantees the right to freedom of expression, including speech, press, and assembly. It is fundamental for democratic governance, allowing citizens to voice their opinions and gather peacefully. **Section 14: Right to be informed of the Nature and Cause of Accusation** This provision ensures that individuals accused of a crime are informed of the charges against them and have the right to a public trial. It emphasizes the right to a fair trial and legal representation. **Section 16: Right to a Speedy Trial** This section affirms the right of individuals to have a speedy trial to prevent prolonged detention and to ensure justice is administered promptly. It is essential for protecting the rights of the accused. **FIVE CONSTITUTIONS OF THE PHILIPPINES** **Malolos Constitution (1899)** The first republican constitution in Asia, enacted during the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule. **Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Philippines (1935)** This constitution established the Commonwealth government under American sovereignty and was the first constitution recognized by the United States. **Constitution of 1943** Created during the Japanese occupation, this constitution was short-lived and not widely recognized. **Constitution of 1973** Adopted during the martial law regime of Ferdinand Marcos, this constitution was amended several times during its existence. **1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines** The current constitution, ratified after the People Power Revolution, restoring democracy and emphasizing human rights and social justice. ***"Ignorantia legis neminem excusat"*** **(Ignorance of the law excuses no one)** **\ ** **NON-STATE INSTITUTIONS** **NON-STATE INSTITUTIONS** - Refer to institutions that are organized by private individuals or groups for the purpose of providing services to the members of society. - These institutions are not controlled by the government but are regulated through laws and statutes of the state. - There are non-state institutions that play vital roles in the economy because they are the ones providing the needs of the people that the government cannot provide. However, corresponding price or payment is needed in exchange for their services. - Typical examples are different kinds of financial institutions, specifically a bank, and different kinds of business organizations, specifically a corporation. **FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS** - Organizations that serve as bridges or intermediaries that facilitate the flow of money in various transactions. This means that financial institutions serve as links between the source of funds, the depositor, the fund user, and the borrower. **BANKS** - Receive savings and deposits from their clients. These may be loaned out to borrowers. - Banks started during the Renaissance period in Italy. The word \'bank\' traces its origin from the Old Italian word \"banca\" which means \'table\' or \'bench,\' and is where transactions occurred at that time. **BANKING INSTITUTIONS** - The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas is known as the banks of all banks in the Philippines. It is the bank responsible for the regulation, creation, and management of monetary supply in the country. **These are the different types of banks:** Commercial banks accept savings deposits, check deposits, and time deposits. Examples of Philippine commercial banks are Bank of the Philippine Islands and Metrobank. Thrift banks are categorized into stock savings and loan associations, savings and mortgage banks, and private development banks. Rural banks cater primarily to farmers and small business people, mostly in rural areas. **CORPORATION** - An organization of people legally bound by a charter to conduct some type of business. It has a legal entity separate from its owners. **EDUCATION: FUNCTION ON SOCIETY** **FORMAL EDUCATION** - Happens inside a classroom and facilitated by a professional teacher. It is a classroom-based, structured, and sequentially graded system. It includes primary, secondary, undergraduate, and graduate schools. - Formal Education include: - Elementary - Secondary - Tertiary - Vocational - Special Education - Alternative Learning System - Tesda Program **NON-FORMAL EDUCATION** - Is any learning experience or training outside the organized formal system. This type of teaching may include attending seminars, workshops, and community-based sports program. Unlike formal education which is based on concrete structure or curriculum, non-formal education follows less structured guidelines. **FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION IN SOCIETY** Education does not only serve an individual, but also the society where one belongs. Formal or non-formal, it is an avenue where people acquire the knowledge needed in dealing with the demands of daily living. Skills are also taught in school. Students are exposed to activities like singing, dancing, encoding, selling, and other life skills. When all these are applied, people are led to community-building. **SELF-ACTUALIZATION** - Lifelong learning or education may lead a learner in attaining self-actualization. It is becoming everything that one capable of. Self-actualization is manifested when individuals experience real and passionate joy and wonder. **PRODUCTIVE CITIZENRY** - Education helps society produce informed, responsible, and capable citizens. Productive citizens are those who work and maximize their potentials and skills. They are those who contribute to the realization of individuals and collective success.