UCSP PDF - Kinship, Marriage and the Household

LESSON 1: A matriline is a line of descent from a female ancestor to a descendant Kinship, Marriage and the Household of either gender in which the...

LESSON 1: A matriline is a line of descent from a female ancestor to a descendant Kinship, Marriage and the Household of either gender in which the individuals in all intervening generations are mothers. Kinship- a social institution that refers to the relations formed between members of the society; Kinship by marriage: different forms of socially Kinship by marriage is a family tie that is accepted relations among people, not due to what has traditionally been the types of bonds that exist in the called a blood relative, meeting someone society. who is biologically related to someone Consanguinity- else, but rather by the social bond of (from Latin consanguinitas 'blood marriage. In-laws are the perfect example relationship') is the characteristic of a kind of kinship by marriage. of having a kinship with a relative who is descended from a common ancestor. Polygyny- is a form of polygamy entailing the marriage of a man to several women. (Best example is In Kinship, we have official 1 to 3 Degree: Bugoy na Koykoy) 1. First Degree: Father, Mother, Son, Monogyny- is a specialized mating Daughter. system in which a male can only 2. Second Degree: Grand Mother, mate with one female throughout Grand Father, Brother, Sister, his lifetime Grandson, Grand Daughter. Polyandry- It refers to the 3. Third Degree: Uncle, Auntie, Great condition when women are Grand Father, Great Grand Mother, married to more than one man Great Grand Daughter, Great simultaneously. (Vice-versa to Grand Son, Niece, Nephew. Polygyny) Patrilineal- descent refers to a system where an individual's clan or lineage group is determined through men or male relatives. Matrilineal- LESSON 2: Reconstituted Family- also known as a blended family or stepfamily, Residency Patterns is a family structure formed when In the evolution of mankind and civilization, two adults enter a new relationship people have used several types of and bring children from previous residencies to live in a society. relationships into the same household. Patterns of residency include patrilocal, matrilocal, ambilocal and neolocal ones. LESSON 3: Patrilocal – When a married Political and Leadership structure couple lives in the husband’s father place of residence of residence. Political structure- or institution is Matrilocal – When a married defined as the organized way in couples resides in the wife’s which power is distributed and mother house. decisions are made within a Ambilocal – Which a married society. couple may choose either Centralized Political Systems- A patrilocal or matrilocal residence. technology developed rapidly, and Neolocal – When married couple as trade produced more surplus, builds a household in a different an opportunity for individuals to location; In this type of residence, exercise political control also the independence of the nuclear came into existence. family is emphasized. Chiefdom- In a chiefdom, power Family and household – The and authority are bestowed to the family and the household are chief because he is the highest- predominantly mentioned. ranking individual. This unit is considered the basic Chiefdoms are found in pre- element of society. colonial Philippine societies ruled by Economic and Institutions Nuclear Family- family is a family structure that consists of two Reciprocity- Reciprocity is the parents (usually a mother and mutual exchange of goods, father) and their children, living services, or favors. This form of together in a single household. exchange is common in many  traditional societies and education to students. These communities where social bonds institutions range from preschools are strong, and mutual help fosters and elementary schools to high cooperation. schools, colleges, and universities. Transfers- involve giving resources, Education as a Basic Right- refers money, or services without to the idea that every individual, expecting a return. They are often regardless of their background, has used to support vulnerable the inherent right to access quality members of society and promote education. social welfare. Redistribution- involves the collection of resources (usually by LESSON 2: the government) and reallocation Religion and Belief Systems within society to promote economic fairness and stability. Religion and Belief Systems- Market Transactions- are religion and belief systems are exchanges of goods or services for explored as key elements shaping money. They occur within a market individual identities, cultures, and where prices are typically societies. determined by supply and demand. Christianity Market and the State- This refers to the relationship and balance Founded: Around 1st century CE, between private markets and based on the life and teachings of government regulation. Markets Jesus Christ. are generally efficient at allocating Core Beliefs: Belief in one God, resources based on demand, but salvation through Jesus Christ, the state intervenes to ensure fair resurrection, and the importance practices, provide public goods, of love, compassion, and and prevent market failures. forgiveness. CHAPTER 6: Sacred Text: The Bible (Old and LESSON 1: New Testaments). Major Branches: Catholicism, Educational institution Protestantism, and Eastern Educational institution - is an Orthodoxy. organization dedicated to providing Islam  Founded: 7th century CE in the Sacred Texts: Tripitaka (Pali Arabian Peninsula by the Prophet Canon), Mahayana Sutras. Muhammad. Major Branches: Theravada, Core Beliefs: Belief in one God Mahayana, and Vajrayana (Allah), the Quran as the final Buddhism. revelation, and the Five Pillars of Islam (faith, prayer, fasting, charity, Judaism pilgrimage). Founded: Around 2000 BCE, Sacred Text: The Quran. originating with the covenant Major Branches: Sunni and Shia between God and Abraham in Islam. ancient Israel. Hinduism Core Beliefs: Belief in one God, following the Torah's Founded: Ancient religion, commandments, and the originating in the Indian importance of ethical behavior and subcontinent around 1500 BCE or justice. earlier. Sacred Texts: Torah, Talmud. Core Beliefs: Concepts of dharma Major Branches: Orthodox, (duty), karma (action and Conservative, and Reform Judaism. consequence), samsara (reincarnation), and moksha (liberation). Sacred Texts: Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and Ramayana. LESSON 3 : Health institution Characteristics: Polytheistic (with many deities) but also includes A health institution is an organization beliefs in a supreme, unifying force. dedicated to promoting, maintaining, and restoring health. These institutions Buddhism provide a range of medical and health- Founded: 5th–6th century BCE in related services, such as prevention, ancient India by Siddhartha diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation Gautama (the Buddha). for physical and mental illnesses. Health Core Beliefs: The Four Noble institutions can be public, private, or non- Truths, the Eightfold Path, and the profit, and they play a crucial role in goal of reaching enlightenment safeguarding the well-being of individuals (nirvana) to end suffering. and communities.  also because it offers social status and a sense of control or autonomy. Social and Political Stratification Prestige- as a socially desirable refers to the high value society places on roles, achievements, or Social stratification- is the way qualities that confer respect and society ranks or categorizes people admiration. People often seek into different groups based on prestige because it can lead to various factors, creating a increased social status, influence, structured hierarchy. This and access to resources. Prestige stratification leads to social becomes desirable when it aligns inequalities, with some groups with societal values or aspirations, having more access to resources, making it something people strive power, and privileges than others. to attain to gain approval, Social Desirables- refer to factors recognition, or advantages. that are yearned for by its members Social Mobility System and maybe correlated with approval, acceptance, popularity, Social mobility- is the movement and social status. of individuals, families, Wealth- is often considered a households, or other social groups major social desirable because it within or between levels in an open can symbolize success, security, system of social stratification. and influence within society. The pursuit and admiration of wealth Social Inequality based on Sex/Gender are common across cultures, as wealth provides individuals with Social inequality- based on sex greater access to resources, and gender refers to the unequal opportunities, and lifestyle choices. treatment, opportunities, and resources afforded to individuals Power- is considered a social desirable because it enables due to their biological sex (male, individuals to influence others, female) or gender identity (how shape social outcomes, and gain individuals perceive themselves access to resources and and are perceived in society). opportunities. Many people seek Gender Inequality- as a form of power not only for the tangible social inequality refers to the benefits it provides such as career unequal treatment, opportunities, advancement or financial gain but and rights granted to individuals based on their gender. This  inequality often places men, women, and non-binary people in different social positions, impacting their lives in various areas such as education, employment, income, healhcare, and political representation. Ethnic minority- status as a social inequality refers to the systemic disadvantages and unequal treatment that people from ethnic minority groups often experience in comparison to the dominant or majority ethnic group within a society. This inequality can manifest across multiple aspects of life, including education, employment, housing, healthcare, and social representation. Global inequality includes the concentration of resources in certain powerful countries while the other countries are left behind.