Types of Speeches PDF

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education REGION III SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF TARLAC PROVINCE TYPES OF SPEECHES A. According to Purpose 1. Informative Speech...

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education REGION III SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF TARLAC PROVINCE TYPES OF SPEECHES A. According to Purpose 1. Informative Speech - An Informative Speech focus on educating an audience through the use of facts and evidence to establish credibility. It can include definitions, explanations, descriptions, visual images, demonstrations. It should focus on speaking about objects, events, processes, concepts, and examples. An informative speech does not attempt to persuade and audience, give opinions, or take a position on the topic. An informative speech teaches the audience about something they do not know about or gives the audience a new perspective on something they do know about. 2. Persuasive Speech - In broad terms, an entertaining speech is a speech designed to captivate an audience’s attention and regale or amuse them while delivering a message. Like more traditional informative or persuasive speeches, entertaining speeches should communicate a clear message, but the manner of speaking used in an entertaining speech is typically different. Entertaining speeches are often delivered on special occasions (e.g., a toast at a wedding, an acceptance speech at an awards banquet, a motivational speech at a conference), which is why they are sometimes referred to as special-occasion speeches. However, they can also be given on more mundane occasions, where their purpose is primarily to amuse audience members or arouse them emotionally in some way. Remember, when we use the word “entertain,” we are referring not just to humor but also to drama. The goal of an entertaining speech is to stir an audience’s emotions. 3. Entertainment Speech - A persuasive speech aims to convince the audience to believe a certain viewpoint, opinion, or idea. The end goal is to change the mind of your audience and to persuade them into action or thought. A persuasive speech often describes facts, values, and policies. You can also use the ethos (ethical, moral), logos (logical, intellectual), or pathos (emotional) approach when creating your persuasive speech. B. According to Delivery 1. Reading from a manuscript Reading from a manuscript is a speech delivery method where the speaker reads a written script word-for-word. It's often used in situations where accuracy and precise wording are important, such as legal statements, official meetings, or historical addresses. Here are some tips for delivering a manuscript speech: Practice: Practice reading the speech out loud, in front of friends and family, and record yourself.  Republic of the Philippines Department of Education REGION III SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF TARLAC PROVINCE Use large print: Use large, clear print so you can read easily. Maintain eye contact: Try to make eye contact with the audience to appear more natural and sincere. Pause: Pause before and after important points. Adjust your pace: Find the right speed and adjust your pace to conclude without having to say "thank you". Use visual aids: Use visual aids when appropriate. Research: Research the speaking environment to ensure you'll be able to read comfortably. While manuscript speeches can be precise and accurate, they can also be boring if the speaker doesn't maintain eye contact or use animation. To avoid this, you can try to maintain a conversational tone of voice and ensure the content is interesting to the audience. 2. Memorized Speech Memorized speech delivery is a method of public speaking where a speaker recites a written speech without using notes or other prompts. It can be a good option when a speaker wants to convey a precise message and not be limited by notes. However, it can also be risky if the speaker forgets their speech or loses their place. Here are some advantages of memorized speech delivery: Eye contact: The speaker can maintain eye contact with the audience throughout the speech. Freedom of movement: The speaker can move around the stage and use their hands to make gestures. Visual aids: The speaker can use visual aids more effectively. Here are some disadvantages of memorized speech delivery: Risk of forgetting: The speaker has no backup if they forget their speech. Risk of sounding unprepared: If the speaker forgets what they are saying, they can sound unprepared. Risk of sounding monotonous: If the speaker has not practiced talking in a conversational tone, they can sound stale and monotonous. Risk of sounding like an essay: The speaker runs the risk of sounding like they are repeating an essay. Memorized speech delivery is best suited to professional and competitive public speakers. For a speech to be delivered effectively, the speaker should practice it many times to work on the content and inflection. 3. Impromptu Speech Impromptu speech delivery is the act of giving a speech with little to no preparation. Impromptu speeches are also known as "off the cuff" or "spur of the moment" speeches. Here are some tips for delivering an impromptu speech:  Republic of the Philippines Department of Education REGION III SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF TARLAC PROVINCE Have a structure: Use a structure like an opening, body, and conclusion to keep your speech focused and concise. You can also use numbers to organize your points, such as "two main reasons" or "three parts of our plan". Control your pace: Avoid speaking too fast due to nervousness. A controlled pace gives you time to gather your thoughts and articulate your ideas. Practice deep breathing: Deep breathing exercises can help you calm your nerves and maintain focus. Engage with the audience: Make eye contact and try to draw a response from the audience. You can also ask the audience a question if you need more time to think. Be confident: Focus on the audience and keep your speech short and to the point. Use anecdotes, data, or humor: These can enrich the content and engage the audience. Impromptu speeches can be common in educational and professional settings. They can also be a valuable life skill. 4. Extemporaneous Speech Extemporaneous speech delivery is a flexible method of public speaking where a speaker delivers a prepared speech without memorizing it or reading it from a script. The speaker uses notes to stay on track, but the speech is not delivered in the same way each time. The goal is to appear to be speaking conversationally with the audience. Here are some tips for delivering an extemporaneous speech: Prepare: Research your topic and gather key facts, statistics, and examples. Write an outline and create notes to use as cues. Practice: Practice your delivery and refine it. Use nonverbal communication: Maintain eye contact and use hand gestures to emphasize or de-emphasize points. Use simple language: Avoid complex sentences and jargon. Use pauses: Short pauses can indicate a change in topic, and long pauses can add emphasis. Posture: Maintain an erect but relaxed posture. Anticipate questions: Be prepared to handle questions. Extemporaneous speeches are often used in academic, competitive, or professional settings. C. Principles of Speech Writing 1. Choosing the Topic How to choose a topic? Brainstorm the basic who, what, when, where, and why. Who: Who is your audience? Why should your audience be interested in your topic? How can I change the mind of my audience? What: What topics am I interested in? What topics is my audience interested in? What can I research?  Republic of the Philippines Department of Education REGION III SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF TARLAC PROVINCE When: How long do I have to present? A shorter presentation should cover a niche topic or a high-level concept while a longer presentation can go into a more detailed topic. Where: Where am I speaking? What is the geographic location of my speech? What tools will I have available? Why: What is the purpose of my speech? Why am I speaking about this topic? Why should the audience react or change their opinion about this topic? 2. Analyzing the Audience Analyzing your audience before delivering a speech is important for creating an effective presentation. It involves identifying your audience and adapting your speech to their interests, beliefs, attitudes, and level of understanding. Here are some things to consider when analyzing your audience: Audience expectations: Different audiences may have different expectations about the speaker and the topic. Audience knowledge: The amount of knowledge your audience already has about the topic can vary. Presentation setting: The setting can affect the audience's desire and ability to listen. Audience size: Larger audiences may require you to use a microphone and speak from a raised platform. Audience diversity: Audiences can be diverse in many ways, not just racially and ethnically. Audience concerns: If your audience has diverse views, acknowledge their concerns. Audience interests: Psychographic analysis focuses on analyzing audiences based on their interests, values, and affinities. Speaking situation: Situational analysis focuses on characteristics related to the specific speaking situation. By analyzing your audience, you can avoid making offensive remarks and keep your audience interested. 3. Sourcing Information When sourcing information for a speech, you can consider the following: Audience Consider who will be listening to your speech and tailor your information to their knowledge level. Goals Define the main goals of your speech. Credibility Evaluate the credibility of each source. You can consider the quality of the source, the qualifications of the author, and whether other credible sources have used their ideas.  Republic of the Philippines Department of Education REGION III SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF TARLAC PROVINCE Sources Some sources you can use include: Books: Can be a good source of comprehensive information, especially for historical or background information. Academic journals: A reputable source for facts and statistics. Industry reports: A reputable source for facts and statistics. Credible news outlets: A reputable source for facts and statistics. Online databases and libraries: Can be used for in-depth research. Citing sources When citing sources orally, provide enough information so that your audience can find them, including the author's name, credentials, title of the work, and publication date. 4. Outlining and Organizing the Speech Contents Outlining and organizing the contents of a speech can help ensure that the speech is focused and coherent. An outline is a blueprint for a speech that can be adjusted and updated as the speech is prepared. Here are some tips for outlining and organizing a speech: Use an outline early Outlining is a recommended early step in the writing process. It helps to organize thoughts and connect ideas before drafting the speech. Create a preparation outline A preparation outline is a comprehensive outline that includes all of the information for the speech. It can be written in full sentences and may include in-text citations and a reference page. Create a speaking outline A speaking outline is a more concise outline that is used when delivering the speech. It includes brief phrases or words to remind the speaker of the points they need to make. Use a pattern There are several patterns that can be used to organize a speech, including: Chronological Pattern The time order pattern presents ideas, events, or processes in the sequence of time in which they took place or should take place. It begins at a given period in history and moves forward or backward with time. It is mostly used in describing a process or discussing the development of certain trends for demonstration speeches. Spatial Pattern In this pattern, the main points of your speech follow a spatial sequence. This illustrates the arrangement and the relationship of things in a given place. It describes the ideas according to physical relationships among things and persons as well. To describe or explain the organization of patterns, you may present your ideas by inside-outside, far-near, small-big, east-west, or up-down. Logical Method  Republic of the Philippines Department of Education REGION III SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF TARLAC PROVINCE You can develop your speech’s body from a broad vision to specific details, or you may also proceed with a particular instance to the general. The key here is that you either present your information deductively or inductively. This pattern is effective when presenting a broad topic which you intend to break down into subtopics. Causes and Effect If you want your audience to appreciate a certain subject’s impact, a pattern that may suit this best is the cause and effect method. In this pattern, you arrange the main ideas in the discussion in a causal relationship. You both present in appropriate detail the events that have occurred and their corresponding results. Advantage and Disadvantage To focus and shed light on how beneficial an activity, idea, event, or product, you may consider using the advantages and disadvantages method. This will help you guide your audience to examine the range of positive and negative aspects of things that they can use to better judge when deciding on things. Comparison and Contrast A presentation may also be developed by pointing out the similarities between two objects, persons, or ideas. You can make the concept vivid by comparing familiar objects and familiar points of reference. People can effectively learn concepts when they have something with which to compare it. If you are using this pattern, make sure that you have a valid and adequate number of comparisons. This method is suited when trying to motivate the audience to understand a concept they have never considered before or ask them to take action like following or purchasing something they have never owned before. Analogy When writing the body of your presentation, you may consider pointing out the familiarity in some respects between things or ideas otherwise unlike. It is also appropriate to clarify something abstract and familiar by relating it to something concrete and familiar. Problems and Solutions You can organize the body of your speech by presenting it through a problem and solution method. Naturally, the speech should focus on the problem at hand, then provide the solution that you are offering. To make your proposition more convincing, you may include other problems that could also be fixed by the solution you are suggesting. This becomes more effective in persuading as the audience sees the value of your proposition. Knowing that the solution you are offering is versatile and can also be applied to multiple problems, they are more encouraged to accept it. This is suitable when motivating your audience into action, prompting them to support an idea or buy a product, information, or service that offers a solution to a problem. In arranging the body of your presentation, you may use any of the patterns above, although you may utilize more than one method. Keep in mind that you have to observe the principles of unity,  Republic of the Philippines Department of Education REGION III SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF TARLAC PROVINCE coherence, clarity, conciseness, and correctness in writing it. Ensure that as you present the facts and move from one point to another, you help the audience know that you connect two parts— present interconnectedness by using transition sentences that show the logical or psychological relationships among the ideas. Using transition statements between main and subordinate points will help make your central idea clear and easy to understand.