Types of Microphones 2024 PDF

Microphones (abbreviated Mic or Mike) A microphone used device used to convert sound signals into electronic impulses. Mics are References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone#/media/File:Polar_pattern_cardioid.png https://www.gearank.com/articles/types-of-mics https://www.premiumbeat.com/blog...

Microphones (abbreviated Mic or Mike) A microphone used device used to convert sound signals into electronic impulses. Mics are References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone#/media/File:Polar_pattern_cardioid.png https://www.gearank.com/articles/types-of-mics https://www.premiumbeat.com/blog/6-microphone-pickup-patterns-every-filmmaker-should- know/ Types of Microphone (by design) DYNAMIC MICROPHONE 1. Dynamic mics have a moving coil within a magnetic field – when actuated by sound pressure waves. 2. They are robust, relatively inexpensive and resistant to moisture CONDENSER MICROPHONE 1. Condenser mics have a thin conductive diaphragm that sits close to a metal back plate. Sound pressure vibrates the diaphragm which in turn changes the capacitance to produce the audio signal. 2. The diaphragm acts as one plate of a capacitor, and the vibrations produce changes in the distance between the plates, thereby generating electronic impulses. 3. They have excellent sound pick-up quality e.g. of music. RIBBON MICROPHONE  The light metal ribbon used in these mics allows it to pick-up the velocity of the air and not just air displacement. FIBER-OPTIC MIC The Optoacoustics 1140 fiber-optic microphone A fiber-optic microphone converts acoustic waves into electrical signals by sensing changes in light intensity, instead of sensing changes in capacitance or magnetic fields as with conventional microphones. LASER MICROPHONE Laser microphones are often portrayed in movies as spy gadgets because they can be used to pick up sound at a distance from the microphone equipment. A laser beam is aimed at the surface of a window or other plane surface that is affected by sound. The vibrations of this surface change the angle at which the beam is reflected, and the motion of the laser spot from the returning beam is detected and converted to an audio signal. LIQUID MIC Main article: Water microphone Early microphones did not produce intelligible speech, until Alexander Graham Bell made improvements including a variable-resistance microphone/transmitter. Bell's liquid transmitter consisted of a metal cup filled with water with a small amount of sulfuric acid added. A sound wave caused the diaphragm to move, forcing a needle to move up and down in the water. The electrical resistance between the wire and the cup was then inversely proportional to the size of the water meniscus around the submerged needle. Speakers as microphones A loudspeaker, a transducer that turns an electrical signal into sound waves, is the functional opposite of a microphone. Since a conventional speaker is similar in construction to a dynamic microphone (with a diaphragm, coil and magnet), speakers can actually work "in reverse" as microphones. MICROPHONE BY SOUND PICK-UP PATTERN Cardioid Microphones -Perfect for: documentary recording, weddings, events Cardioid mics capture everything in front and block everything else. This front-focused pattern will let you point the mic to a sound source and isolate it from unwanted ambient sound, making it ideal for live performance and other situations where noise reduction and feedback suppression are needed. SUPER/HYPER CARDIOID MICROPHONES -(MINI-SHOTGUNS) Perfect for: reality television, scripted content, on-camera mics, documentary recording, and instrument recording https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Polar_pattern_supercardioid.svg These mics have the same front directionality, but have a narrower area of sensitivity compared to cardioids. These mics have the same front directionality, but have a narrower area of sensitivity compared to cardioids. This results in improved isolation and higher resistance to feedback. Because of their enhanced ability to reject noise, you can use these for loud sound sources, noisy stage environments or even for untreated recording rooms. On the flip side, back rejection is a bit compromised, so you will have to position unwanted sounds like stage monitors and drum kits on the dead spot sides. OMNIDIRECTIONAL MICROPHONES Perfect for: interviews, moving subjects These are microphones that capture sound from all angles. Because of their non-directional design and zero rejection, these mics capture nuances better, resulting in a more natural sound. BI-POLAR PICK-UP PATTERN https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Polar_pattern_hypercardioid.svg The name of this pattern is derived from its graphical representation, which looks like the number 8. The long and short of it is that Figure-8 mics capture the sound of both the front and back, while rejecting the two sides. SHOTGUN MICROPHONES Perfect for: narrative film, controlled sets (https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Polar_pattern_directional.svg) Shotgun mics, also called Line and Gradient, feature a tube like design that make their polar pattern even more directional than hyper cardioids. BY HANDLING 1. HAND-HELD MIC 2. DESK MIC 3. STAND MICROPHONE 4. BOOM MICROPHONE 5. SHOTGUN MIC 6. PARABOLIC MIC  7. LAPEL/ CLIP MIC/ LAVALIERE (LAV) Speakers as microphones A loudspeaker is the functional opposite of a microphone. However, since a conventional speaker is similar in construction to a dynamic microphone (with a diaphragm, coil and magnet), speakers can actually work "in reverse" as microphones. Reciprocity applies, so the resulting microphone has the same impairments as a single-driver loudspeaker: limited low- and high-end frequency response, poorly-controlled directivity, and low sensitivity. In practical use, speakers are sometimes used as microphones in applications where high bandwidth and sensitivity are not needed such as intercoms, walkie-talkies or video game voice chat peripherals, or when conventional microphones are in short supply. Microphone Pop Filters + Budget Option Submitted by Raphael Pulgar on Aug. 14, 2020. Pop filters Pop filters are used not only to 1) keep consonants like "P" and "B" called “plosives,” and hisses with “S” or “sibilance” away, but 2) they also play a role with hygiene as they shield microphones from stray droplets of saliva (which might carry flu, Coughs or Covid-19). They dissipate the air reducing its velocity, allowing for clean vocal recording even when using words that start with consonants. Assignment: Select a news story in your village, town, city, or locality, and gather news on it and then write a reader/ voicer for UNZA Radio using the format you learnt. Remember – single source stories are not acceptable. Due date 3rd June, 2021