Types of Climates PDF

TYPES OF CLIMATES Tropical Climate 1. Tropical Rainforest (af) high temperature 20-25C or 77-86F high humidity level Stilt House (Similar to Bahay Kubo) 2. Tropical Savanna (aw) high temperature with distinct wet and dry season Pronounced season variation in precipitation Mug Huts in Botsw...

TYPES OF CLIMATES Tropical Climate 1. Tropical Rainforest (af) high temperature 20-25C or 77-86F high humidity level Stilt House (Similar to Bahay Kubo) 2. Tropical Savanna (aw) high temperature with distinct wet and dry season Pronounced season variation in precipitation Mug Huts in Botswana !ARID CLIMATE! 1. Desert (BWh, BWk) extremely low rainfall 250mm (10inches) Low humidity, clear skies Traditional House in Iraq 2. Steppe (BSh, BSk) low to moderate rainfall 250-500mm (10-20inches) hot summers and cold winters Mongolian Yurt !TEMPERATE CLIMATE! 1. Mediterranean (Csa, Csb) hot, dry summers and mild, wer winters frequent sunny weather Roman Domus 2. Oceanic (Cfb, Cfc) Mild Temperature with small seasonal variation often cloudy and humid consistent rainfall Croft House - Scotland 3. Humid Subtropical ( Cfa, Cwa) Hot, humid summers high humidity level significant rainfall Traditional Japanese House !CONTINENTAL CLIMATE! 1. Warm Summer Continental (Dfa, Dwa)  Warm to hot summers moderate to high annual rainfall significant seasonal temperature Log barn houses in estonia 2. Cool Summer Continental (Dfb, Dwb) cool summers very cold winter Large annual temp range moderate precipitation traditional Norwegian house !POLAR CLIMATE! 1. Tundra (Et) extremely cold temp low annual precipitation permafrost in many area Icelandic turf houses 2. Ice Cap (Ef) perpetual ice and snow cover very low precipitation traditional inuit house - igloo CLIMATIC DATA AND ANALYSIS - Crucial components of the design process in architecture - collection, interpreting, and applying environmental informations -CLIMATIC DATA- 1. Temperature !Daily and Seasonal Variation! Understanding the range of temperature The goal is to achieve and maintain THERMAL COMFORT 2. Humidity High humidity levels are common in tropical regions, affecting comfort and the choice of materials 3. Solar Radiation !Sun Path! The movement of the sun across the sky throughout the year !Solar Intensity! Determines how much solar energy a building receives 4. Wind Patterns !Prevailing Wind Directions! knowledge of the most common wind direction helps in optimizing natural ventilation AMIHAN (NE) cool and dry HABAGAT (SW) warm moist wind wind speed and frequency influences the design of openings, orientation and the structural integrity of buildings 5. Rainfall Understanding when and how much it rains helps in designing roofs, drainage system and managing water infiltration monsoons and tropical storms requires consideration in structural design 6. Microclimate influenced by a range of factors such as topography, vegetation, surface materials, water bodies, human activity, and climate change specific conditions around the site such as proximity to water bodies, forest or urban areas CLIMATE ANALYSIS 1. Thermal Comfort Analysis identifying the temperature and humidity levels using charts to understand the relationship ~ Psychometric Chart ~ -It provides an invaluable aid in illustrating and diagnosing environmental problems such as why heated air can hold more moisture, and conversely, how allowing moist air to cool will result in condensation. 2. Solar Path and Shading Analysis Analyzing the path of the sun to design appropriate shading devices, window placements, and building orientation. ~Solar Diagrams~ - Ensuring that natural light is optimized while minimizing glare and excessive heat gain. 3. Wind Flow Analysis Visualizing wind patterns to optimize building orientation, placement of openings, and landscape design for natural ventilation. 4. Site Specific Micro Climate Analysis Understanding how the terrain, trees, and other natural features affect local climate conditions like shading, wind flow, and temperature variations. Topography Vegetation Considering the impact of urban density on local temperatures and designing to mitigate heat buildup. ~Urban Heat Island Effect~ The term “urban heat island” refers to the fact that cities tend to get much warmer than their surrounding rural landscapes, particularly during the summer. This temperature difference occurs when cities' unshaded roads and buildings gain heat during the day and radiate that heat into the surrounding air. 5. Rain Water Management Roof Design and Drainage The building design must be able to handle heavy rainfall without water damage, using data on rainfall intensity and duration. Rainwater Harvesting Potential Determining how much rainwater can be captured and stored for use, based on rainfall patterns.