TTSC Module 1 PDF

TTSC MODULE 1 2. Curriculum is a series of consciously directed training experiences that the schools use for Narrow definition: Curriculum is a list of subjects. completing and perfecting the ind...

TTSC MODULE 1 2. Curriculum is a series of consciously directed training experiences that the schools use for Narrow definition: Curriculum is a list of subjects. completing and perfecting the individual. Broad definition: Curriculum means all experiences that students have in the classroom Franklin Bobbit: Even these activities prepared and outside the classroom. by school are within the scope of curriculum. William Doll, an American educator in 1970: Curriculum Curriculum is generally considered to be all of the - Began as a Latin word which means “a race” or experiences that learners have under the auspices “the course of a race” which in turn derives from of the school. the verb currere meaning “to run/to proceed”. Types of Curriculum Scotland 1603: carriage way, road United States (1906): course of study a. Recommended Curriculum: The Commission United States (1940): plan for learning (study) on Higher Education (CHEd) also prescribes subjects that must be taken by each college a. Curriculum is fragmentary. student. Course guides and sample list of subjects - Fragmentary is an adjective which means from ChEd are all examples of a recommended “consisting of small parts that are disconnected or curriculum. incomplete.” - Robert Hutchins, an American educational b. Written Curriculum: This refers to a lesson plan philosopher in 1936: Curriculum should consist of or syllabus written by teachers. Another example is permanent studies – the rules of grammar, reading, the one written by curriculum experts with the help rhetoric and logic, and mathematics (for of subject teachers. elementary and secondary), the greatest books of the western world (beginning at the secondary c. Taught Curriculum: This is about the level of schooling). implementation of the written curriculum. Whatever is being taught or an activity being done Point 1 in the classroom is a taught curriculum. This - Technology is everywhere! curriculum contains different teaching styles and - To understand a concept, schools are no longer learning styles to address the students’ needs and dependent on a single document or set of books. interests. This posted a question on what constitutes “essential knowledge”. d. Supported Curriculum: Instructional materials, such as textbooks, audio and visual materials, Point 2 online learning materials, and others are examples - The mastery of content became more possible to of supported curriculum. It is called supported every individual and that learning can occur curriculum because it helps teachers implement a anywhere. written curriculum thus enables the students to become life-long learners. Past: Curriculum should consist of permanent studies – the rules of grammar, reading, rhetoric e. Assessed Curriculum: When students take a and logic, and mathematics (for elementary and quiz or the midterm and final exams, these series of secondary), the greatest books of the western evaluations are the called assessed curriculum. world (beginning at the secondary level of schooling). f. Learned Curriculum: This type of curriculum indicates what the students have actually learned. Present: To understand a concept, schools are no This can be measured through learning outcomes. longer dependent on a single document or set of books. This posted a question on what constitutes g. Hidden Curriculum: It refers to the unwritten, “essential knowledge”. unofficial, and often unintended lessons, values, and perspectives that students learn in school. The Two sample perspectives of curriculum hidden curriculum is described as “hidden” 1. Curriculum may not be complete in itself. because it is usually unacknowledged or 2. May change as time goes by. unexamined by students, educators, and the wider community. b. Curriculum becomes elusive. - “Dfficult to find and achieve” h. Societal Curriculum: It is the massive, ongoing, informal curriculum of family, peer groups, According to Franklin Bobbit, a North-American neighborhoods, churches, organizations, educationist: occupations, mass media, and other socializing forces that “educate” all of us throughout our lives. 1. It is the range of experiences, both direct and indirect, that is concerned in unfolding the abilities i. Null Curriculum: Null curriculum is that which of the individual. Curriculum is not just about we do not teach, thus giving students the message mastery of content, it is also about the experiences that these elements are not important in their our learners have in order to master the content. educational experiences or in our society. Direct Learning: Independent learning that j. Rhetorical Curriculum: Rhetorical curriculum is people pursue on their own. comprised from ideas offered by policymakers, Indirect learning: Forced on the learner by school officials, administrators, or politicians. This others, such as parents or teachers. curriculum may also come from those professionals involved in concept formation from texts critiquing outdated educational practices. The rhetorical - This definition of curriculum provides us with what curriculum may also come from the publicized must happen, and it is more often than not take the works offering updates in pedagogical knowledge. form of a plan, or some kind of expert opinion about what needs to take place in the course of study k. Concomitant Curriculum: Concomitant (Ellis, 200). curriculum refers to what is taught, or emphasized - This is to make sure that what will happen in at home, or those experiences that are part of a instruction is based on what the teacher planned it family’s experiences, or related experiences to be. sanctioned by the family. - We are seeing it as a plan that tells us what should happen in our classroom when we teach. Traditional and Progressivist - Sees curriculum as consisting of a plan that tells teachers what happen during instruction. a. Traditional View - Early years of 20th century: “curriculum is that it is Harold Rugg (1927): Curriculum is a succession a body of subjects or subject matter prepared by of experiences having a maximum life-likeness for the teachers for the students to learn.” It was the learners. synonymous to the “course of study” and Ralph Tyler (1957): Curriculum is all learning “syllabus”. experiences plant and directed by the school to - You are seeing it as a list of subjects that each attain its educational goals. learner should master. Franklin Bobbit (1918): Curriculum is the entire - We need to write our own lesson plans before we range of experiences, both directed and teach. When we write our plans, we are also undirected, concerned in unfolding the abilities of preparing what students need to learn that day. the child - They go to school to master the basics: 4 Rs (reading, writing, arithmetic, and right conduct). Descriptive View - Curriculum is divided into chunks of knowledge - This definition of curriculum goes beyond the we call subject areas in the basic education such as prescriptive terms as they force thought about the English, Mathematics, Science, Social Studies, and curriculum “not merely in terms of how things others. In college, discipline may include ought to be… but how things are in the real humanities, sciences, languages and many more. classroom…” (Ellis, 200). - Our school day is divided into different portions - Tells us that real things may occur in the classroom for different subjects. despite planning. - Believes that college curriculum should include - If you subscribe to the descriptive definition of disciplines or a branch of academic study. curriculum, you understand that many things may happen unexpectedly and naturally when you Arthur Bestor (an essentialist): believes that the teach because that is how things are in the real mission of the school should be intellectual classroom. training. Curriculum should focus on the fundamental intellectual discipline of grammar, Caswell and Campbell (1935): All the literature, and writing. It should also include experiences children have under the guidance of mathematics, science, history, and foreign teachers. language. Thomas Hopkins (1941): Those learning each child selects, accepts, and incorporates into b. Progressivist View himself. - Curriculum is defined as the total learning Glen Hass (1987): Set of actual experiences and experiences of the individual. perceptions of experience. - This definition is anchored on John Dewey’s definition of experience and education. He believed that thought is tested by application. - The progressivist view of curriculum believes in these total learning experiences. - What you learned in school can be best tested through an experience. - The progressivist view of curriculum believes that experiences in school are important to develop the learners. Caswell and Campbell: “All experiences children have under the guidance of teachers”. Marsh and Willis: “Experiences in the classroom which are planned and entered by the teacher, and also learned by the students.” Smith, Stanley and Shores: “Sequence of potential experiences set up in schools for the purpose of disciplining children and youth in group ways of thinking and acting.” Prescriptive and Descriptive Prescriptive View