Facial Bones Lecture 5 PDF - Human Anatomy 2022-2023

Academic year 2022-2023 ‫ﻓرع ﺟراﺣﺔ اﻟﻔم واﻟوﺟﮫ واﻟﻔﻛﯾن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯾﺔ طب اﻻﺳﻧﺎن‬ 1st year Human Anatomy Lecture 5...

Academic year 2022-2023 ‫ﻓرع ﺟراﺣﺔ اﻟﻔم واﻟوﺟﮫ واﻟﻔﻛﯾن‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯾﺔ طب اﻻﺳﻧﺎن‬ 1st year Human Anatomy Lecture 5 Facial bones By:Dr.Nada hashim AL JASSIM Snell R.S. Clinical Anatomy by regions, 9th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, [2012 For more detailed instructions, any question, cases need help please post to the telegram group of the session ZYGOMATIC BONE (ZYGOMA) Characteristics § Forms the majority of the skeleton of the cheek. § Provides attachment of the masseter muscle. Three foramina in the zygoma: v Zygomatico-orbital foramen. v Zygomaticofacial foramen. v Zygomaticotemporal foramen. There are 2 zygomatic bones. Ø Parts: Frontal process Articulates with the frontal bone to help form the orbit. Temporal process Articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch. Maxillary process Articulates with the zygomatic process of the maxillary bone to help form the orbit.  MAXILLARY BONES (MAXILLA) Characteristics Forms the majority of the skeleton of the face and the upper jaw. Contains the maxillary paranasal sinus. Articulates with the opposite maxilla and the frontal, nasal, vomer, and ethmoid bones; inferior nasal concha; palatine, lacrimal, and zygomatic bones; and the septal and nasal cartilages There are 2 maxilla bones (maxillae) Parts: Body Major part of the bone Shaped like a pyramid Contains the maxillary paranasal sinus Infraorbital canal and foramen pass from the orbit region to the face region Frontal process Extends superiorly to articulate with the nasal, frontal, ethmoid, and lacrimal bones Forms the anterior boundary of the lacrimal fossa Zygomatic process Extends laterally to articulate with the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone  Palatine process Ø Extends medially to form the majority of the hard palate Ø Articulates with the palatine process of the opposite side and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone Ø Incisive foramen is located in the anterior portion Alveolar process ØThe part of the maxilla that supports all of the maxillary teeth ØExtends inferiorly from the maxilla ØEach maxilla contains 5 primary and 8 permanent teeth ØAlveolar bone is resorbed when a tooth is lost  2. NASAL BONE Ø Characteristics Inferior portion forms the superior margin of the nasal aperture. Forms the bridge of the nose. There are 2 nasal bones. Articulates with the nasal bone of the opposite side, the nasal portion of the frontal bone, the frontal process of the maxilla, and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid. Inferior portion of the nasal bones attaches with the lateral nasal cartilages and septal cartilage.  LACRIMAL BONE Characteristics -Lacrimal bone is small and rectangular in shape and very thin and fragile -There are 2 lacrimal bones Forms a small portion of the medial wall of the orbit -Articulates with the frontal process of the maxilla, orbital plate of the ethmoid bone, the frontal bone, and the inferior nasal concha -The region that articulates with the frontal process of the maxilla forms the lacrimal fossa, the location of the lacrimal sac -The inferior part of the lacrimal forms a small portion of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity  2.VOMER Ø Characteristics Shaped like a “plough” Forms the posterior inferior part of the nasal septum There is 1 vomer bone Articulates with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, maxilla, palatine, and sphenoid bones and septal cartilage. Posterior border does not articulate with any other bone Characteristics Forms part of the nasal cavity and the hard palate, it is L-shaped There are 2 palatine bones 1. Perpendicular plate Is in the shape of a vertical rectangle. On the superior border is a notch that articulates with the sphenoid bone, forming the sphenopalatine foramen. A small orbital process helps form part of the orbit. Forms part of the wall of the pterygopalatine fossa and the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. Lateral wall articulates with the maxilla to form the palatine canal  2. Horizontal plate Forms the posterior portion of the hard palate. Superior to the horizontal plate is the nasal cavity. On the medial part, formed by both of the horizontal plates, is the posterior nasal spine. Greater palatine foramen is on this plate. Pyramidal process -Extends posteriorly and inferiorly from the junction of the perpendicular and horizontal plates of the palatine. -Lesser palatine foramina are located here INFERIOR NASAL CONCHA Characteristics Is described as a curved bone that forms part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. There are 2 inferior nasal conchae. Lies within a curve in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. Articulates with the maxilla and perpendicular plate of the palatine, lacrimal, and ethmoid bones  MANDIBLE Ø Characteristics Forms the lower jaw Described as horse shoe shaped All muscles of mastication attach to the mandible There is 1 mandible Ø Part: 1- Body Mental foramen lies on the anterior part of the lateral surface of the body External oblique line is observed on the lateral side of the mandible On the medial side of the body lies the mylohyoid line Mylohyoid line helps divide a sublingual from a submandibular fossa Posterior border of the mylohyoid line provides for attachment of the pterygomandibular raphe At the midline on the medial side are the superior and inferior genial tubercles, as well as the digastric fossa 2-Ramus -Meets the body of the mandible at the angle of the mandible on each side -Masseter muscle attaches to the lateral side -Medial pterygoid muscle and sphenomandibular ligament attach to the medial side -Mandibular foramen is located on the medial side of the ramus -Superior part divides into a coronoid process anteriorly and a condylar process posteriorly, separated by a mandibular notch Coronoid process The anterior most superior extension of each ramus Temporalis muscle attaches to the coronoid process Condylar process Articulates with the temporal bone in the temporomandibular joint Has a neck that forms a condyle superiorly Lateral pterygoid muscle attaches to pterygoid fovea on the neck Alveolar process - Extends superiorly from the body - Created by a thick buccal and a thin lingual plate of bone - The part of the mandible that supports the mandibular teeth - Each side of the mandible contains 5 primary and 8permanent teeth - Alveolar bone is resorbed when a tooth is lost THANK YOU