Translation Strategies PDF

Translation Strategies  Translation Strategies They are ways of dealing with structural and lexical differences between the source language and the target language. They refer to the approaches or techniques a translator uses to solve challenges and ensure the most accurate, cultural...

Translation Strategies  Translation Strategies They are ways of dealing with structural and lexical differences between the source language and the target language. They refer to the approaches or techniques a translator uses to solve challenges and ensure the most accurate, culturally appropriate, and meaningful translation. These strategies help address linguistic, cultural, and contextual differences between languages. By referring to these strategies translators can justify adjustments of form depending in the semantic, stylistic and communicative requirements of the TT.  Introduction In the process of translation, we have phase 1 which is the analytical phase. Then phase 2 , the transfer phase, in which we look at different strategies and methods of translation. The purpose of translation procedures and techniques is to achieve maximal equivalence or equivalent effect. Modify Transla Analyze Proofread te  Equivalent effect  Equivalent effect is practically the same as maximal equivalence.  The term ‘’ equivalent effect’’ refers to the target text. Having the same effect on the target text reader as the source text has on the source text reader.  Maximal equivalence: A totally equivalent effect is impossible to achieve. But, with a high level of naturalness, it is possible to, at least, achieve optimal equivalence.  Key Components of Translation Strategies  Faithfulness to the Original Text: Preserving the meaning of the SL text.  Cultural Adaptation: Adjusting cultural references to be relevant to the target audience.  Linguistic Accuracy: Ensuring proper grammar, vocabulary, and syntax in the translation.  Equivalence: Finding the closest equivalent terms or expressions in the target language.  Types of Translation Strategies  Literal Translation: Word-for-word translation while maintaining sentence structure.  He is reading a book. ‫ئەو كتیب دەخوینیتەوە‬  I live in a big city. ‫من لە شاریكی گەورە دەژیم‬  Types of Translation Strategies  Transliteration: Maintaining the pronunciation of names/terms without translation.  Examples: Facebook, ‫فەیسبووك‬ Google, ‫گوگل‬ Pizza. ‫پیزا‬ Types of Translation Strategies  Adaptation: Changing a cultural reference to something more familiar in the target culture. Thanksgiving. ‫خوانی سوپاسگوزاری‬ Snowball fight. )‫شەرە تۆپەل(شەرە بەفر‬ Types of Translation Strategies  Borrowing: Directly borrowing words from the source language. Internet ‫ئینتەرنیت‬ Television. ‫تەلەفزیۆن‬ Types of Translation Strategies  Calque: It is also known as loan translation, involves translating components of a foreign word or phrase literally into the target language. It involves taking the individual elements of a term and translating them word-for-word to create a new expression in the TL.  Cold war. ‫جەنگی سارد‬  Human rights ‫مافی مرۆڤ‬  Mother tongue ‫زمانی دایك‬ Types of Translation Strategies  Modulation: Changing the perspective or viewpoint of the message in the target language.  I missed the bus. ‫پاسەكە بەجیی هیشتم‬  He is not rich. ‫ئەو هەژارە‬  She is right. ‫بۆچوونەكەی راستە‬ Types of Translation Strategies  Equivalence: Using equivalent phrases for idiomatic expressions.  It’s raining cats and dogs. )‫شەستە بارانە( لیزمە بارانە‬  Break a leg. ‫بەختیكی باش‬  Shake a leg. ‫پەلە بكە‬  A piece of cake. ‫زەالتەیە‬ Types of Translation Strategies  Omission: Omitting unnecessary information that doesn’t add value to the translation. Some details may be skipped in favor of rather important facts. He had a tall glass of orange juice. ‫پەرداخیك شەربەتی خواردەوە‬ She opened the heavy wooden door slowly. ‫دەرگاكەی كردەوە‬ Types of Translation Strategies  Addition: Adding extra words to clarify the meaning.  He is a federal agent  ‫ئەو بریکاری نهينى حکومەتی فیدراڵیە‬.  She is a doctor.  ‫ئەو پزیشکێکە کە لە نەخۆشخانە کار دەکات‬ Types of Translation Strategies  Cultural Substitution: Replacing a culture-specific term with a relevant one from the target culture.  It takes two to tango. ‫چەپلە بە یەك دەست لینادری‬  Christmas. ‫جەژنی قوربان‬ Types of Translation Strategies  Reduction: Simplifying the sentence by omitting details that don’t add meaning.  Examples:  The little boy who was very brave. ‫مندالە ئازاكە‬  I used to live in the beautiful city of Cairo. ‫من لە قاهیرە دەژیام‬ ‫‪Types of Translation Strategies‬‬ ‫‪ Expansion: Expanding a sentence to clarify meaning.‬‬ ‫ئەو بریكاریكی نهێنییە کە بۆ حکومەت کار دەکات ‪He is an agent.‬‬ ‫وتاره که له الیه ن ئاماده بووانه وه به گه ‪The speech was well received.‬‬ ‫رمی پێشوازیی لێکرا‬ ‫ئەو ئازایە لە ڕووبەڕووبوونەوەی ئاستەنگەکان ‪She is brave.‬‬  Types of Translation Strategies  Paraphrase: Expressing the same idea using different words or structure.  He kicked the bucket. He passed away. ‫گیانی سپارد‬  She spilled the beans. ‫نهینییەكەی ئاشكرا كرد‬  He is feeling blue. ‫ئەو دڵتەنگە‬. Types of Translation Strategies  Generalization: Using a more general term in the target language.  Examples:  He’s a cardiologist. ‫ئەو پزیشكە‬  Ferrari ‫ئوتومبیل‬  Sushi ‫خواردن‬ Types of Translation Strategies  Functional Equivalent: Using a target language equivalent that serves the same function.  Examples:  Parliament ‫ئەنجومەنی نوینەران‬  Senate ‫ئەنجومەنی پیران‬ THANK YOU….