Tourism Grade 10 Study Guide PDF

P. Bean M. Kleyn E.L Llewellyn T.R. Maliehe A. Marx Study Guide Via Afrika Tourism Grade 10 Contents General Introduction........................................................................................... iii Term 1 Tourism sectors.......................................................................................1 overview.............................................................................................................1 Questions..........................................................................................................21 Term 2 Map work and tour planning...................................................................27 overview...........................................................................................................27 Questions..........................................................................................................33 Domestic, regional and international toursim........................................................37 overview...........................................................................................................37 Questions......................................................................................................... 39 Term 3 Tourist attractions in South Africa.......................................................... 43 overview.......................................................................................................... 43 Questions..........................................................................................................57 Sustainable and responsible tourism...................................................................61 overview...........................................................................................................61 Questions......................................................................................................... 66 Marketing......................................................................................................... 70 overview.......................................................................................................... 70 Questions..........................................................................................................72 Term 4 Culture and heritage..............................................................................75 overview...........................................................................................................75 Questions......................................................................................................... 80 Communication and customer care..................................................................... 82 overview.......................................................................................................... 82 Questions......................................................................................................... 86 Exam Paper 1..................................................................................................... 89 Answers............................................................................................................ 94 ©Via Afrika » Tourism ii Welcome to the Via Afrika Tourism Grade 10 Study Guide eBook. This eBook will help you understand and master all the content and skills that you will need to meet the requirements for the Grade 10 National Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement for Tourism. This Study Guide covers the following topics: 1 Tourism sectors 2 Map work and tour planning 3 Domestic, regional and international tourism 4 Tourist attractions 5 Sustainable and responsible tourism 6 Marketing 7 Culture and heritage 8 Communication and customer care How to get the most from your Study Guide Each topic is divided into: an overview (graphic organiser) summaries questions and answers. There is an example of a final examination paper with model answers. The tourism industry in South Africa is changing all the time. Every day brings new ideas. Our Learner’s Book and Study Guide eBook will provide you with excellent resource material, but it is important for you to keep up to date by following new developments in tourism in the media, such as on television, in newspapers, magazines and on the internet. Your ability to work in a team, find information and discuss and explain key concepts will help to develop your competence in a very exciting career in Tourism! ©Via Afrika » Tourism iii Term 1 Tourism sectors Overview topic Tourism 1 sectors unit introduction to unit Types of tourists unit diﬀerent modes of unit The hospitality 1 Tourism 2 and tourist proﬁles 3 transport 4 sector 1 What is tourism? 1 Types of tourists 1 Travelling by road 1 Different types of 2 Types of 2 Drawing up a 2 Travelling by air accommodation destinations tourist profile establishments 3 Travelling by rail 3 Why do people 4 Travelling by water travel? 5 Extraordinary modes of 4 What is a tourist? transport 6 Mode of transport to suit the purpose of a trip 7 Advantages and disadvantages unit The south african unit accomidation unit in-room technology unit Food and beverage 5 grading system 6 establishment terminology and concepts 7 8 establishments 1 The Star Grading 1 Technology for 1 Types of System information establishments 2 The role of the TGCSA 2 Technology for comfort 3 Benefits of the grading 3 Technology for system entertainment 4 Procedure to follow to 4 Technology for safety be graded 5 Technology for 5 Logos that may be environmental displayed upon grading responsibility 6 Technology for work unit The attraction unit structure of the unit structure of the unit payment methods 9 sector 10 south african tourism industry: the public sector 11 south african tourism industry: the private sector 12 in south africa 1 What are attractions? 1 The National 1 Product owners 1 Internet payments 2 Attraction sub-sectors Department of 2 Local communities 2 Automatic teller Tourism (NDT) machine (ATM) 3 Types of tourist 3 NGOs, CBOs and attractions 2 Other government professional payments departments associations 3 Speed point 4 Primary and secondary tourist attractions 3 State owned 4 The international machines enterprises community 4 Credit cards 5 Attractions and their (parastatals) appeal for particular 5 Debit cards types of tourists 4 Partly state-owned agencies 6 Cellphone payments 6 Activities offered at 7 Cheques tourist attractions 5 Public entities ©Via Afrika » Tourism 1 Term 1 1 Introduction to tourism 1.1 What is tourism? Tourism is the study of activities, services and industries that provide a travel experience. It is made up of different sectors: tourist profiles, transport, hospitality, support services and attractions. 1.1.1 The difference between inbound and outbound tourism Inbound tourists travel into a country from another country. Outbound tourists travel out of their home country to visit another country. 1.2 Types of destinations Domestic tourism is people travelling within their own country. Regional tourism is people travelling in a specific geographical area. International tourism is people who travel outside their country of residence, crossing an international border with passport control. 1.3 Why do people travel? Tourists have different needs, preferences and expectations. Once people have satisfied their basic needs (air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sleep, protection, security, order, law, limits, stability, family, affection, relationships, work) they seek to satisfy higher level needs and wants. These include achievement, status, responsibility, reputation, personal growth and fulfilment. Tourism can provide part of the satisfaction of these higher needs and wants. 1.4 What is a tourist? A tourist travels away from home for longer than a day, but less than a year. An excursionist arrives at and departs from a destination on the same day. 2 Types of tourists and tourist profiles 2.1 Types of tourists Tourists can be classified as follows: Business and professional Leisure and holiday Visiting friends and relatives (VFR) Youth travel (backpackers and gap year) Adventure Eco/environmental Cultural Religion Sport and recreation ©Via Afrika » Tourism 2 Term 1 Special interest tourist (SIT) Incentive Health. 2.2 Drawing up a tourist profile A tourist profile is a summary of what tourists want and expect. It contains the following information: Name Nationality Age Contact details Occupation Needs and preferences (sport, education, etc.) Specific requirements (accommodation, food, transport) Arrival and departure dates. 3 Different modes of transport 3.1 Travelling by road 3.1.1 Cars Sedan cars are used for private travel. 4x4 vehicles are used off-road. Cars can tow trailers or caravans. Hired cars transport small groups or individuals. 3.1.2 Buses/coaches They follow a set timetable and fixed routes. Tour groups use chartered buses. Greyhound and Intercape are coach companies. The Baz Bus is for backpackers. Shuttle buses provide transport to and from airports, harbours and terminals. 3.1.3 Taxis Metered taxis charge rates for the distance travelled. Mini buses don’t have timetables of fixed pick-up of drop-off points. 3.1.4 Motorbikes or motor cycles Motorbikes are hired for self-drive trips. 3.2 Travelling by air 3.2.1 Aeroplanes They are fast and expensive. ©Via Afrika » Tourism 3 Term 1 They fly between major centres. Business executives and wealthy tourists charter smaller aircraft. Helicopters can fly from small airfields. They are a popular way to view attractions. They are expensive. Microlights can only carry one or two people. They appeal to adventure tourists. 3.3 Travelling by rail Railway networks link major centres. It is a good way to see the scenery. 3.3.1 Train services in South Africa Shosholoza Meyl travel on city to city routes. Metrorail is a commuter service. The Gautrain is a rapid transit route linking OR Tambo International Airport with Johannesburg and Pretoria. It is a bullet train. The Blue Train is a luxury train. It runs weekly on the Cape Town-Pretoria route. Rovos Rail is a privately run luxury service. It operates within South Africa and to other countries. Trams run on tracks laid down in streets. In South Africa they were replaced by bus systems. There is one in Kimberley that takes tourists to the Big Hole. 3.4 Travelling by water 3.4.1 Luxury cruise liners Tourists can embark and disembark at South African ports. 3.4.2 Boats Boats are popular for harbour cruises, fishing trips and whale watching. Yachts are used for private cruising. 3.5 Extraordinary modes of transport Camels Donkey carts Hot air balloons Bicycles. 3.6 Mode of transport to suit the purpose of a trip The selection of transport depends on: Transport available Cost Safety Reliability Flexibility of the schedule ©Via Afrika » Tourism 4 Term 1 Number of people Distance and time Personal preferences Accessibility Level of comfort required. 3.7 Advantages and disadvantages of different modes of transport Each mode of transport has advantages and disadvantages. Mode Advantages Disadvantages Convenient, quick, and comfortable; Long journeys can be tiring and can cost effective for more than two passen- lead to driver fatigue and accidents; low gers; flexible as the driver can decide on carrying capacity; toll fees on national arrival and departure times, and stops roads increase the cost; road works Road: Car along the way; you can get to your exact and congestion can cause delays and destination; use of the vehicle at the increase the travel time; high cost of car destination cuts further transport costs. maintenance. Relatively cheap; high carrying capacity; Operate according to fixed schedules relaxing as passengers do not have to and routes and thus are not flexible; drive; adjustable seats and air-condi- passengers have to make their own way Road: Bus or coach tioning add to comfort; all major towns to and from the departure and arrival and cities are accessible. points; congestion and road works could cause delays. Cater for commuters and long distance Drivers wait until the vehicle is full be- (inter-city) travellers; relatively inexpen- fore departing, causing delays; drivers sive; passengers can be dropped off at tend to overload, causing discomfort their destination; routes include areas to passengers and often resulting in Road: Minibus taxi not covered by other public transport accidents; potential poor maintenance routes and are fairly regulated but not increases the possibility of accidents; scheduled, so there is some flexibility. regular strike action disrupts the ser- vice. Fastest mode; safe; reliable; high carry- Not flexible as routes and timetables are ing capacity; cabin crew look after pas- scheduled; restrictions on number and sengers and serve refreshments; there weight of luggage items; airports are are flights between all the main centres usually situated outside city limits so ad- Air: Aeroplane and several smaller towns. ditional transport mode to/from airport is needed; restricted seating space may cause discomfort; international passen- gers crossing time zones may experience jet lag. Relatively inexpensive and fast; stations Scheduled routes and timetables means are usually situated in town and city that travel by rail is relatively inflexible; Rail: Train centres; energy efficient; relaxing. commuter trains are often overcrowded in peak periods which may cause dis- comfort. Reliable; relaxing; energy efficient; saf- Time consuming and so only suited to est mode of transport; generous luggage passengers who have time to spend allowance; relatively high fare includes travelling; passengers may experience Water: Cruise liner accommodation, meals, use of all facili- sea-sickness; to the fare must be added ties and entertainment. the cost of a second mode of transport to/from point of embarkation and disem- barkation. ©Via Afrika » Tourism 5 Term 1 4 The hospitality sector Private and public hospitality sectors offer accommodation and meals for tourists. Private sectors include: B & Bs Guest houses Hotels Backpackers Restaurants. Public sectors include establishments run by National Parks. 4.1 Different types of accommodation establishments The type of establishment chosen is influenced by: Type of accommodation required Quality of accommodation required Location desired Availability of accommodation Tourist budget. 4.1.1 Formal service accommodation Required: Manager, receptionist, all meals and beverages, room service, valet service, laundry service, shuttle service, wake-up calls, 24 hour security, private en suite rooms, telephone, Internet, TV, tea and coffee making facilities, gym, swimming pool, gift and speciality gift shops, conference room, parking. 4.1.2 Guest accommodation Owner run, family atmosphere. Required: servicing of rooms, host or receptionist, meals by arrangement, wake-up calls, laundry service, 24 hour security, private room, telephone, TV, tea and coffee making facilities, linen, towels, parking. 4.1.3 Self catering accommodation Costs less. Required: At least one bedroom, living and dining area, bathroom, cooking or kitchen area, management available, cleaning service, linen, towels, cooking equipment, TV, braai area. 4.1.4 Caravan and camping establishments Inexpensive. Required: Caretaker must be available, electrical power, bathrooms, braai areas, refuse removal, laundry room, shop, access to a telephone, running water for sites, dishwashing facilities, wash lines, recreational facilities such as swimming pool. ©Via Afrika » Tourism 6 Term 1 4.1.5 Back-packers and hostels For travellers with limited budget. Required: Single or dormitory rooms, linen, shared living areas, tourist information brochures, reception area, public telephone, communal bathrooms and relaxation area. 4.1.6 Game lodges Privately owned, high standard of accommodation, situated in or close to game reserves; services and facilities similar to small luxury hotel. 5 The South African grading system The Tourist Grading Council of South Africa (TGCSA) is responsible for the grading and quality assurance of accommodation establishments. 5.1 The Star Grading System It evaluates or grades establishments and awards stars. 5.2 The role of the TGCSA The council trains assessors, approves or rejects assessors’ findings, grades establishments, supplies grading plaques, manages a customer feedback system to maintain standards, does regular checks on establishments. 5.3 Benefits of the grading system 5.3.1 For tourists They know what to expect and can make an informed selection of establishments. They can use the customer feedback system. 5.3.2 For establishments They are listed on the TGCSA website. They can advertise in the SAT booklet, grading is good for business. They can use the grading stars in advertising. 5.4 Procedure to follow to be graded The owner must: Read and understand requirements Choose an assessor from a list Apply for grading Make an appointment with assessor. The assessor must: Visit the establishment Discuss assessment with owner Give recommendations with photos to the TGCSA. ©Via Afrika » Tourism 7 Term 1 The TGCSA approves or rejects assessment. Owners can appeal if necessary. Grading is valid for one year. The owner may buy a plaque to display star grading. Owners of establishments must also: Register with their province as a business Obtain tax clearance Have ID or work permit if not South African Have public liability insurance Have a liquor license if necessary Have BEE compliance or an exemption certificate. 5.5 Logos that may be displayed upon grading The grading plaque indicates the type of accommodation and its stars. It has a number on it and a statement that gives the council the right to remove it if the establishment does not maintain the grading requirements. 6 Accommodation establishment terminology and concepts This is a room suitable or spacious enough for two peo- double room ple. It contains one double (or larger) bed, or two twin beds, or two double (or larger) beds. This is a room with two beds that accommodates two twin room people, either in two single beds or in two double beds. This is a room with one double bed or two single beds for family room parents, and one or more beds for children. Types of rooms This may consist of two separate rooms, or one room suites that has been divided into a separate living and sleeping area. This describes a bedroom with a private bathroom en suite attached to it. This is a luxurious apartment found on the top floor of a penthouse hotel or block of flats. per person Rate charged per person. per person sharing Rate charged per person sharing. The price covers accommodation, meals and any activi- fully inclusive ties on offer. This is an additional charge for single occupancy of a Pricing single supplement double room. pp per person pps per person sharing pppn per person per night pppd per person per day ©Via Afrika » Tourism 8 Term 1 This light breakfast consists of bread rolls or sliced Continental breakfast bread/toast, with coffee or tea and often also fruit juice. This full breakfast usually includes cereal, fruit, bever- English breakfast ages, bacon and eggs, and often sausage, tomato and mushrooms as well. This is an informal way of serving a meal. The courses are Types of meals buffet attractively displayed (usually on long tables) and guests serve themselves. Waiters clear the used plates. This is a meal where items are listed and priced on a a la carte menu, and ordered separately. A service where a guest may order food and beverages to room service be delivered to the room. 7 In-room technology Leisure guests expect to be entertained and business guests expect to conduct business from their rooms. 7.1 Technology for information Interactive TV allows guests to: Access information about facilities and services View menus Access interactive maps Check news, weather and investments Access email Programme a wake-up call Request housekeeping, laundry service, maintenance. 7.2 Technology for comfort Good lighting Comfortable temperature Soundproofing Electronic toilets Heated towel rails Bathroom extractor fans Sensor controlled taps and hand drying machines Remote controlled TV, air conditioner, curtains Mini-bar. 7.3 Technology for entertainment An interactive TV allows: TV programme guide and information Satellite and international channels ©Via Afrika » Tourism 9 Term 1 Games, music, movies Internet. 7.4 Technology for safety Programmable electronic safe Electronic door lock Electronic door key A sensor system that records the time people enter and leave the room. 7.5 Technology for environmental responsibility An electronic key card to save electricity Digitally controlled showers to ensure water temperature remains constant Shower heads that use less water Energy saving lights Occupancy sensor lights. 7.6 Technology for work Hot-spot Internet access Wi-Fi networks Interactive TV International multi-power point/plug, leads and charger for electronic equipment High speed Internet access (broadband) Cordless or long cord telephone. 8 Food and beverage establishments 8.1 Types of establishments 8.1.1 Full service restaurants Fine dining: formal menu, wide variety of food, more expensive Family: informal, less expensive. Examples: Spur, Ocean Basket. 8.1.2 Coffee shops Offer coffee, cakes Can offer breakfast, lunch, other beverages (some offer wine and beer) Inside and outside areas Popular meeting places Found in shopping malls, hotels, airports, tourist attraction sites. 8.1.3 Pubs/bars Informal meal service with limited menu Alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks Sometimes live entertainment ©Via Afrika » Tourism 10 Term 1 TV for sport viewing. 8.1.4 Ice cream stores Speciality outlets Sell soft serve, sorbet, frozen yogurt, ice cream Located in malls, beachfronts and near entertainment areas For leisure and family tourists. 8.1.5 Fast food and quick service Food is prepared and served quickly Examples: Nando’s, Wimpy, Kentucky Fried Chicken Take-away food Some have area to sit and eat Appeal to limited budget. 8.1.6 Taverns and shebeens In townships Traditional African food Alcoholic and non- alcoholic beverages (home brewed beer) Meeting places Gaining popularity with ‘adventurous’ tourists Can experience local culture Music or live entertainment. 8.1.7 Street stalls, kiosks and markets Specific types of food Can reflect cultural traditions Stalls may be moved (not permanent) and be outdoors Found at festivals and special events Food can be prepared on site. 9 The attraction sector 9.1 What are attractions? A place of interest Visited for amusement, education, entertainment Natural or constructed beauty Cultural or historical significance Main reason for tourism Should be accessible. ©Via Afrika » Tourism 11 Term 1 9.2 Attraction sub-sectors There are five sub-sectors. 9.2.1 Gaming and lotteries Casinos offer games of chance (slot machines, card games), entertainment, restaurants, hotels, children’s play areas, sporting activities. 9.2.2 Leisure Resorts, sightseeing, walking, hiking, shopping, movies, beach activities, Theme parks (Ratanga Junction, Marine world), whale watching, game viewing. 9.2.3 Conservation Conserving and protecting our heritage and environment, wild life photography, plant study, picnicking, archaeology. 9.2.4 Sport and recreation Watching or participating in sport, sport photography, exercising. Examples: Comrades Marathon, Billabong Pro-surfing, motor racing, mountain climbing. 9.2.5 Events and conferences Meetings, incentives, conferences, exhibitions (MICE). Special events boost the economy. Example: Grahamstown National Arts Festival. 9.3 Types of tourist attractions 9.3.1 Natural attractions Geographical features (mountains), climatic conditions (snow), animals and plants, scenic beauty sites. Example: Table Mountain. 9.3.2 Constructed attractions Constructed or created, ancient or modern. Examples: religious buildings like churches, museums and monuments, parks, historic city centres, zoos, aquariums, stadiums. 9.4 Primary and secondary tourist attractions The interests and needs of a tourist determine whether an attraction is primary or secondary. 9.4.1 Primary This is the main reason for visiting a destination. It gives character and develops the image of the destination. ©Via Afrika » Tourism 12 Term 1 9.4.2 Secondary These are the attractions that tourists visit on the way to or from the primary attraction. They improve overall attractiveness, increase amount of money spent and lengthen visiting time. 9.5 Attractions and their appeal for particular types of tourists Types of tourist Attraction Appeal attracted scenic beauty, beaches, Cape Town and the Cape leisure, adventure, SIT, whale watching, Table Peninsula backpacking Mountain award winning wines, leisure, cultural, education, The Winelands scenic beauty, and historic SIT towns scenic beauty, flora, and adventure opportunities like leisure, adventure, ecotour- The Garden Route bungee jumping and river ist, SIT rafting shopping, entertainment, business, shopping, cul- Johannesburg and township tours tural, SIT the Big Five, 4x4 game adventure, ecotourist, cul- Kruger National Park drives, and walking safaris tural, SIT beaches, the sea, surfing, leisure, adventure, sport, Durban and uShaka Marine World recreation scenic beauty, and political ecotourist, cultural, educa- Robben Island history tion, SIT township and cultural tours, Soweto and historic sites and build- cultural, SIT, backpacking ings Blyde River Canyon and scenic beauty, and nature ecotourist, sport and recrea- Nature Reserve hikes tional, health beautiful beaches, scenic leisure, cultural, ecotourist, The Wild Coast beauty, Xhosa heritage adventure 9.6 Activities offered at tourist attractions Attraction Activities places of scenic hiking trails, camping, wildlife viewing, photography, rock climb- beauty ing, abseiling, river rafting, bird watching swimming, surfing, wind surfing, fishing, scuba diving, kite flying, beaches shell collecting, whale watching shopping, sightseeing, photography, wine tasting on wine routes, tourist routes historical tours on historical routes guided tours, viewing exhibitions, watching cultural activities like cultural villages clay pot making or woodcarving, participating in music and dance theme parks rollercoaster rides, games, outdoor picnics ©Via Afrika » Tourism 13 Term 1 10 Structure of the South African tourism industry: the public sector NDT: National Department of Tourism Provincial departments and authorities Regional destination marketing organisations DMO: District or Municipal Organisations LTO: Local Tourism Organisations. 10.1 National Department of Tourism (NDT) Vision: for the country to be recognised as a world leader in tourism excellence. Mission: to promote responsible and sustainable tourism for the benefit of all South Africans. Develops performance plans and strategies. 10.1.1 Provincial tourism departments In each province Can be combined with other departments like conservation or economic Promote tourism Regulate tourist activities Separate offices for each role. 10.1.2 Provincial tourism authorities Include all the regulating offices run by tourism departments Issue permits to tour operators and businesses: (hunting, whale watching permits, etc.). Provincial authorities and conservation permit offices Gauteng Province: Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs http://www.gdard.gpg.gov.za/ KwaZulu Natal Province: Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs http://agriculture.kzntl.gov.za/ Limpopo Province: Department of Economic Development, Environment & Tourism http://www.limpopo.gov.za/prov_depts/econ_dev_environ_tourism.htm Mpumalanga Province: Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Environment Northern Cape Province: Department of Agriculture, Land Reform, Conservation and Environment http://www.northern-cape.gov.za/departments/ North West Province: Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Environment http://www.nwpg.org.za/Agriculture/ Eastern Cape Province: Department of Economic Development and Environmental Affairs, Eastern Cape http://www.dedea.gov.za/ ©Via Afrika » Tourism 14 Term 1 Western Cape Province: Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning http://www.capegateway.gov.za/eng/yourgovernment/gsc/406 10.1.3 Regional destination marketing organisations Regions are areas in a country that have a particular climate, landscape and types of attractions. Example: West Coast and Namaqualand for wild flowers in Spring. Public and private sectors can combine to market a region. Example: the Convention Bureau which markets Cape Town and the Western Cape. The 2010 FIFA World Cup was a major event for marketing and for tourism. 10.1.4 District or Municipal Organisations (DMO) Smaller areas than regions Organisation based in a central town Area around town called the municipality District offices in most of the province towns. 10.1.5 Local Tourism Organisations (LTO) The smallest organisations Focus on specific areas Promote local attractions and businesses. 10.2 Other government departments Interact and cooperate with the NDT. 10.2.1 Department of Home Affairs (DHA) Issues passports Controls immigration Plays a role in national security Promotes good international relations. 10.2.2 The Department of International Relations and Co-operation (DIRC) Co-ordinates South Africa’s international relations and foreign policies Issues visas Currently developing a Univisa to enable people to visit all countries in SADC (Southern African Development Community) Has assisted with the development of Transfrontier Parks (game reserves that extend across borders). 10.2 3 Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Guides the government in developing economic policies Works with the Department of Tourism Promotes development of products for export and tourism ©Via Afrika » Tourism 15 Term 1 Assists South Africans to start or grow local business ventures Supports establishment of small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs). 10.2.4 Statistics SA (StatsSA) Conducts surveys Publishes statistics and reports about South Africa Statistics include arrivals and departures in South Africa, citizens travelling in South Africa, forms of transport used, reasons for travelling, foreign visitors, destinations and accommodation used. 10.2.5 Department of Sports and Recreation Arranges international and local sporting events Planning involves meetings by committees, like International Olympic Committee (IOC). 10.2.6 Department of Transport Develops objectives to benefit tourism Objectives include competitive transport costs, improved access to transport, improved safety and security Runs the Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA). 10.3 State owned enterprises (parastatals) Owned by government Run like businesses or companies Aim to make profits Examples: South African Airways (SAA), Transnet, Eskom. 10.4 Partly state-owned agencies Partly owned by government Shared between government and private sector companies Managed like private businesses The Tourism Enterprise Partnership (TEP) helps to develop small businesses in the tourism industry. The NDT provides its funding. 10.5 Public entities Small government departments One specific function Examples: SANParks, South African Tourism, NGB (National Gambling Board), SAHRA (South African Heritage Resources Agency), ACSA (Airports Company of South Africa, CATHSSETA (Culture, Arts, Tourism, Hospitality, Sport). ©Via Afrika » Tourism 16 Term 1 11 Structure of the South African tourism industry: the private sector 11.1 Product owners A product owner is any business that makes a profit through tourism. Tour operators Travel agents Conference organisers Travel publications Travel insurance companies Souvenir shops Restaurants. 11.2 Local communities Businesses run by local communities Some facilities, like campsites, are built by the community if they own the land Businesses create jobs Profits spent on improving facilities such as roads, schools and clinics. 11.3 NGOs, CBOs and professional associations NGO - non-government organisations CBO - community based organisations They support tourism enterprises Assist with training and funding Link communities with tourism operators so communities can benefit Professional associations help entrepreneurs get started Help to regulate the tourism industry and how it is operated Aim to improve service quality Ensure that service excellence is maintained. 11.3.1 Tourism Associations Association Logo Main function Service offered The official control- Represents private Tourism Business ling organisation for sector travel and tour- Council of South Africa the travel and tour- ism in negotiations (TBCSA) ism private sector in with the government South Africa. and the public sector. Ensures the quality Grades accommoda- of accommodation tion establishments Tourism Grading Council and conference and conference venues of South Africa (TGCSA) TOURISM GRADING COUNCIL OF SOUTH AFRICA venues. by using a star grading system. ©Via Afrika » Tourism 17 Term 1 Promotion of fair Has made Fair Trade and sustainable Travel packages to tourism development South Africa available in South Africa so in Switzerland and Fair Trade in Tourism SA that as much of the other parts of Europe. (FTTSA) money generated by tourism as possible remains in the local economy. Checks on the stand- Offers a guarantee of South African Tourism ard of the products quality service from Services Association and services offered its members to tour- (SATSA) to tourists by its ists coming to South members. Africa. Promotes the devel- Negotiates with the Federated Hospitality opment and growth government as the offi- Association of South of a sustainable cial voice of the private Africa South African hospi- sector in the Southern (FEDHASA) tality industry. African hospitality industry. Regulates the opera- Offers a guarantee of tion of member travel quality service from its Association of South agencies in South members to travel- African Travel Agents Africa and provides lers booking trips and (ASATA) support for those tours in South Africa. agencies who are members. Maintains high Members are assisted standards of its with international South African Associa- members for the con- marketing through the tion for the Conference ference and events association’s website. Industry (SAACI) industry in Southern Africa. Represents most of Promotes the associa- Southern Africa’s tion’s activities and South African Vehicle vehicle rental com- shares information Renting and Leasing As- panies in the tourism about vehicles with its sociation (SAVRALA) sector. members. To market South Represents member South African Youth Africa globally as a operators and deals Travel Confederation preferred youth tour- with their concerns (SAYTC) ism destination. and interests through- out South Africa. 11.4 The international community 11.4.1 Southern African Developing Communities (SADC) Promotes sustainable economic growth and socio-economic development through: Co-operation between member countries Maintaining peace and security in the region Helps the region by being competitive in world economy, a safer place to visit, helping tourism industry to grow. ©Via Afrika » Tourism 18 Term 1 11.4.2 United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) Based in Madrid, Spain Deals with tourism matters worldwide Compiles rankings and publishes statistics on tourism Represents public sector tourism bodies from most countries Data published compares flow and growth of world tourism Promotes responsible tourism Aims to reduce poverty through sustainable tourism development. 11.4.3 World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) Members are tourism business leaders all over the world Works to increase awareness of travel and tourism as one of the world’s largest industries. 11.4.4 World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) Established in 1961 Is one of the largest environmental organisations in the world There are more than 1300 WWF conservation projects in the world. Mission: to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature by: Conserving biological diversity Ensuring sustainable use of renewable natural resources Promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. 12 Payment methods in South Africa Different ways in which tourists pay Depends on the situation Number of methods used depends on: facilities available, amount to be paid, payment requirements of service provider, convenience and safety of method. 12.1 Internet payments Can book and pay in advance Both users (person paying and person receiving) must have Internet banking accounts Accounts can be opened online Require security - PIN numbers and passwords Advantages: Payer can make bookings and pay before departing; booking is assured; can budget; spread payment over time. Disadvantages: Payer must have access to Internet; banks can take two days to transfer money if payer’s and receiver’s banks are different. ©Via Afrika » Tourism 19 Term 1 12.2 Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) payments ATMs can be found outside banks, inside shops, in banking halls, shopping malls, hotels and in most tourism areas Does the work of a bank teller Customers can withdraw, deposit, transfer money between accounts Are relatively safe Use a confidential PIN code Machine keeps the card if the PIN is incorrectly typed in three times in a row If card is kept by machine or stolen, bank must be notified immediately Can do banking at all hours - open 24 hours. 12.3 Speed point machines Used by most retailers Client’s card is swiped through machine to register payment Client keys in PIN Client signs slip to agree to payment Most machines are connected to till by cable Can be portable Portable machines enable client to keep card in sight so it is not copied or used for fraud. 12.4 Credit cards Most popular form of payment Used to withdraw money Used for direct payment Used to hold a reservation Used to guarantee payment Advantages: Reasonably safe and convenient; have an electronic chip for security; credit limit with required monthly payments Disadvantages: Smaller businesses do not have credit card facilities; banks charge service providers commission on transactions Examples: Visa, MasterCard, Diner’s Club, American Express. 12.5 Debit cards Can be used at speed points Can be used at ATMs No delay in drawing the money from payer’s account If there are not enough funds the payment will not be allowed by bank (registers on the speed point machine) Very secure form of payment Money is immediately taken out of account electronically (EFT). ©Via Afrika » Tourism 20 Term 1 12.6 Cell phone payments Made in same way as Internet payment Can be made from anywhere with cell phone reception. 12.7 Cheques 12.7.1 Personal cheques Clients with cheque accounts are issued cheque books by bank Used to make payments Cheques must be signed by account holder to be valid Used instead of cash Some businesses do not accept cheques in case there is not enough money in the client’s account and the cheque bounces. 12.7.2 Bank-guaranteed cheques Payment of cheque is guaranteed by bank Bank charges a fee A bank-guaranteed cheque is more secure The person who wants the cheque pays the bank the amount required on the cheque, either in cash or deducted from their bank account. The cheque is then issued. Questions Question 1: Multiple choice Choose the correct answer. Only write the letter of the answer you select. 1.1 Inbound tourism is: A tourists travel into a country from another country B tourists travel out of their home country to visit another country C people travel within their own country D an excursion. (2) 1.2 Which category does NOT describe a type of tourist? A leisure and holiday B business C adventure D bicycles. (2) 1.3 Shosholoza Meyl is a mode of: A rail transport B air transport C water transport ©Via Afrika » Tourism 21 Term 1 D road transport. (2) 1.4 Caravan and camping establishments require: A room service B braai areas C shuttle service D private en suite rooms. (2) 1.5 The type of establishment chosen by a tourist is influenced by: A budget B colour of the walls C how efficient the transport is D dishwashing facilities in a luxury lodge. (2) 1.6 Robben Island appeals to tourists interested in: A culture and education B games C leisure D sport. (2) 1.7 Provincial tourism authorities: A issue permits to tour operators B publish statistics C issue passports and visas D are run like a private sector business. (2) 1.8 If you pay using the Internet: A you can book and pay in advance B you can use an ATM C you can use a cheque D you can use a speed point. (2) (16) Question 2: True/False Indicate whether the following statements are True or False. If the statement is False, write down the correct statement. 2.1 When people travel within their own country it is called domestic tourism. (2) 2.2 When people travel in a specific geographical area it is called international tourism. (2) 2.3 A tourist profile contains facts about a tourist. (2) 2.4 Accommodation is part of a tourist profile. (2) 2.5 A hot air balloon is an extraordinary mode of transport. (2) 2.6 Tourists can travel from Cape Town to Pretoria on a luxury cruise liner. (2) 2.7 A tourist with a very limited budget, like a backpacker, will charter a helicopter. (2) ©Via Afrika » Tourism 22 Term 1 2.8 A tourist who likes to travel comfortably will travel on a camel. (2) 2.9 Travelling by car is a flexible mode of transport. (2) 2.10 Self catering accommodation offers cooking facilities. (2) 2.11 Guest accommodation establishments offer linen and towels. (2) 2.12 Backpackers have shared living areas. (2) 2.13 The TGCSA is responsible for the grading and quality assurance of establish- ments. (2) 2.14 The grading plaque indicates the type of accommodation and its stars. (2) 2.15 An en suite room does not have a bathroom. (2) 2.16 Guests can serve themselves at a buffet. (2) 2.17 Attractions are places of interest. (2) 2.18 You can watch cultural activities at a theme park. (2) 2.19 Parastatals are owned by the government. (2) 2.20 Parastatals are managed like private businesses. (2) 2.21 SANParks is an example of a public entity. (2) 2.22 DMOs and LTOs are part of the NDT. (2) 2.23 Local Tourism Organisations are not part of the public sector. (2) 2.24 A souvenir shop is a product owner. (2) 2.25 UNWTO deals with tourism matters worldwide. (2) 2.26 The WWF is the smallest environmental organisation in the world. (2) 2.27 Internet payments require PIN numbers and passwords. (2) 2.28 Cards are swiped in speed point machines. (2) 2.29 American Express is a type of credit card. (2) 2.30 Cheques are a form of cash. (2) (60) Question 3: Short answers 3.1 Name THREE disadvantages of bus or coach transport. (3) 3.2 Name FOUR advantages of travelling by rail. (4) 3.3. Name FOUR types of in-room technology. (4) 3.4 Name THREE types of food and beverage establishments. (3) 3.5 What is the difference between a primary and secondary tourist attraction? (2) 3.6 List THREE functions of the DTI. (3) 3.7 Which THREE objectives of the Department of Transport benefit tourism? (3) 3.8 Name TWO examples of product owners. (2) 3.9 How do communities benefit from NGOs and CBOs? (4) 3.10 What is the mission of the WWF? (2) 3.11 What are the disadvantages of a credit card? (2) 3.12 Where can a debit card be used? (2) (34) ©Via Afrika » Tourism 23 Term 1 Answers Question 1: Multiple choice 1.1 A ✓✓ 1.2 D ✓✓ 1.3 A ✓✓ 1.4 B ✓✓ 1.5 A ✓✓ 1.6 A ✓✓ 1.7 A ✓✓ 1.8 A ✓✓ Question 2: True/False 2.1 True ✓✓ 2.2 False. It is regional tourism. ✓✓ 2.3 True ✓✓ 2.4 True ✓✓ 2.5 True ✓✓ 2.6 False. Tourists can travel by road or rail. ✓✓ 2.7 False. A backpacker with a limited budget cannot afford a helicopter. ✓✓ 2.8 False. Camels are not comfortable to travel on. ✓✓ 2.9 True ✓✓ 2.10 True ✓✓ 2.11 True ✓✓ 2.12 True ✓✓ 2.13 True ✓✓ 2.14 True ✓✓ 2.15 False. An en suite room does have a bathroom. ✓✓ 2.16 True ✓✓ 2.17 True ✓✓ 2.18 False. You can watch cultural activities at a cultural village. ✓✓ 2.19 True ✓✓ 2.20 False. Partly state-owned agencies are managed like private businesses. ✓✓ 2.21 True ✓✓ 2.22 True ✓✓ 2.23 False. LTOs are part of the public sector. ✓✓ 2.24 True ✓✓ 2.25 True ✓✓ ©Via Afrika » Tourism 24 Term 1 2.26 False. The WWF is the largest environmental organisation in the world. ✓✓ 2.27 True ✓✓ 2.28 True ✓✓ 2.29 True ✓✓ 2.30 True ✓✓ Question 3: Short answers 3.1 Disadvantages of bus: Their schedules and routes are not flexible. ✓ Passengers have to make their own way to and from departure and arrival points. ✓ Congestion and road works can cause delays. ✓ 3.2 Advantages of rail: (any four) Inexpensive ✓ Fast ✓ Stations centrally situated ✓ Energy efficient ✓ Relaxing. ✓ 3.3 In-room technology: (any four) Information ✓ Comfort ✓ Safety ✓ Entertainment ✓ Environmental responsibility ✓ Work. ✓ 3.4 Food establishments: (any three) Full Service restaurants ✓ Coffee shops ✓ Pubs/bars ✓ Ice-cream stores ✓ Fast food and quick service ✓ Taverns and shebeens ✓ Street stalls, kiosks and markets. ✓ 3.5 Primary and secondary attractions: Primary attractions are the main reason for visiting the destination. ✓ Secondary attractions are those that tourists visit on their way to and from the primary attraction. ✓ 3.6 Functions of DTI: (any three) Guides the government in developing economic policies ✓ Works with the Department of Tourism ✓ Promotes development of products ✓ Assists South Africans to start or grow local business ventures ✓ ©Via Afrika » Tourism 25 Term 1 Supports establishment of small, medium and micro enterprises. ✓ 3.7 Objectives of DoT: Competitive transport costs ✓ Improved access to transport ✓ Improved safety and security. ✓ 3.8 Product owners: (any two) Tour operators ✓ Travel agents ✓ Conference organisers ✓ Travel publications ✓ Travel insurance companies ✓ Souvenir shops ✓ Restaurants. ✓ 3.9 NGOs and CBOs: Link communities with tourism operators ✓ Support tourism enterprises ✓ Assist with training ✓ Assist with funding. ✓ 3.10 The mission of the WWF is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural envi- ronment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature. ✓✓ 3.11 Disadvantages of credit cards: Smaller businesses do not have credit card facilities. ✓ Banks charge service providers commission on transactions. ✓ 3.12 Debit cards: Speed points ✓ ATMs. ✓ ©Via Afrika » Tourism 26 Term 2 Map work and tour planning Overview topic Map work 1 and tour planning unit Map terminology unit Tourism maps unit Map of unit Map of the unit Distance 1 and map symbols 2 3 South Africa 4 world 5 indicators and distance tables 1 Map symbols 1 Types of maps 1 The provinces and 1 Distance 2 Scale and their uses in their capitals indicators on tourism 2 Neighbouring maps 3 Distance indicators 2 Electronic maps SADC countries 2 Distance tables 4 Direction 3 Other Information 3 Major South 3 Travel time 5 Terminology Communication African map relevant to time Technology (ICT) features zones in tourism 1 Map terminology and map symbols 1.1 Map symbols Symbols help interpret information. Symbols are shown in a legend on a map. Examples: Seafront location Green surroundings Car park availability Air-conditioned rooms Centrally heated rooms Telephone in the rooms Radio in the rooms Television in the rooms Satellite TV in the rooms Mini-bar service in the rooms Room service Restaurant Bar service Lift Outdoor swimming pool Outdoor swimming pool (heated) ©Via Afrika » Tourism 27 Term 2 Indoor swimming pool Tennis (heated) Squash Mini golf Fitness room Sauna Water sports at or near hotel Jacuzzi establishment Live band music entertain- Conference room ment Baby sitting service available Doctor service available Dry cleaning and/or laundry Hair dressing salon service Facilities for the disabled 1.2 Scale Scale represents ratio of distance on map to actual distance on ground Ratio scale 1:50 000 means 1 cm on map = 50 000 cm = 0,5 km Scale is used to calculate the distance between two points. This is important for planning a tour or itinerary. 1.3 Distance indicators They show the distance on the routes between towns. 1.4 Direction Compass directions show the position of one place in relation to another. There are sixteen compass points. The four main cardinal points are N, S, E, W. 1.5 Terminology relevant to time zones Travel agents must consider time differences when working out travel times for tourists going to countries in different time zones. 1.5.1 Latitude and longitude Longitude lines are at 15° intervals. 0º line is called the Greenwich Meridian (runs through Greenwich, London UK). It divides the Earth into two hemispheres: east and west. Meridians run from N pole to S pole. They divide the world into 24 time zones. South Africa lies in the time zone 30º east of the Greenwich Meridian. New York lies 75º west of the Greenwich Meridian. ©Via Afrika » Tourism 28 Term 2 Latitude lines run parallel to the Equator. Equator is the 0° line of latitude. Equator divides Earth into N and S hemispheres. 1.5.2 Grid references They are used to locate a place or feature on a map. A grid is a co-ordinate system. It consists of vertical and horizontal lines on a map. The most commonly used system is a numbered square grid. It is often used on tourist maps. Another method is points of intersection of lines of longitude and latitude, called co-ordinates. 1.5.3 Universal Time Coordinate (UTC) Each 15º of longitude = 1 hour of time. It takes the Earth 24 hours to rotate from west to east through 360º. 360º divided by 24 hours = 15º. The time zone of a country is calculated in relation to the UTC (previously GMT). UTC is based on the local standard time of the 0º meridian (Greenwich). Midnight is 00:00 UTC and midday is 12:00 UTC. Countries east of 0º have later times than UTC. Cape Town is 2 hours ahead of London because it is ~30º E (2 ×15º = 30 º). Cape Town is UTC + 2. So, if it is 12:00 in London it is 14:00 in Cape Town. Countries west of 0º have times that are earlier than UTC. So, if New York is 75º W (5 × 15º = 75 º), it is UTC -5, which is 5 hours earlier than London. If it is 12:00 in London it is 07:00 in New York. The time zone of a country is based on the line of longitude that runs more or less through its centre. South Africa Standard Time (SAST) is determined by the 30º line of longitude. 1.5.4 International Date Line (IDL) The IDL is 180º longitude. If you cross the IDL going towards the east, you gain or go forwards a day. If you cross the IDL going towards the west, you lose or go back a day. 2 Tourism maps 2.1 Types of maps and their uses in tourism 2.1.1 General reference maps Cover an area such as continent, country, region Include maps on a specific theme, for instance, population or vegetation ©Via Afrika » Tourism 29 Term 2 Provide information on an area - roads, railway tracks, rivers, mountains, towns, dams. 2.1.2 Road maps Indicate roads that connect towns and cities Indicate distances between towns Useful for working out travelling time to destinations. 2.1.3 Street maps Give details of town and city street plans Show tourist attractions like parks and shopping centres. 2.1.4 Political maps Show the location and borders of countries, states or provinces. 2.1.5 Physical maps Show natural and constructed physical features of an area Climatic regions, mountains, rivers, vegetation regions, dams Have different colours: blue = water; green and yellow = low elevations; orange and brown=high elevations. 2.1.6 Specialist maps Show specific, specialised information Climate, location of airports and railway lines Geology, vegetation, rainfall. 2.1.7 Tourist information maps Show specific information about an area Show features like national parks, World Heritage sites, accommodation establishments, restaurants, shops, natural, cultural and constructed attractions Example: The South Africa National Parks map shows the location of national parks. Tourist attraction maps focus on specific attractions in an area. Example: the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park map gives detailed information on the layout of the park and facilities. 2.2 Electronic maps Are available on computers and cell phones Are copies of maps or interactive maps that you can navigate. 2.2.1 Global Positioning System (GPS) It receives data from satellites and uses the data to generate maps showing latitude, longitude and altitude. ©Via Afrika » Tourism 30 Term 2 GPS units can be attached to the centre of a car’s windscreen. A destination is keyed in as an address or as co-ordinates. Co-ordinates can be given in degrees, minutes and seconds or in decimal format. Specific destination names can also be keyed in. Advanced GPS systems can ‘speak’ directions. Some cell phones have GPS. 2.2.2 Google Earth An Internet tool Can view satellite pictures of any place on Earth in 3D Google Street View: An application of Google Earth Street level images Used to take virtual walks, explore landmarks, find shops Informs you of road names and their direction relative to your position Can rotate the view for different angles Tourists can preview a destination and compare places before making a decision. Google Street maps: An application of Google Earth Offers street maps and route planners Used to locate specific destinations. 2.3 Other Information Communication Technology (ICT) in tourism Communication devices: radio, TV, cell phones, computers, satellite systems: Internet: Provides up-to-date information Service providers promote and sell products and services Tourists can plan holidays. Interactive maps: On travel-related websites Example: www.saexplorer.co.za If you click on a province, then a town, then an attraction you can find specific information. 3 Map of South Africa 3.1 The provinces and their capitals Limpopo – Polokwane North West – Mafikeng Gauteng – Johannesburg Mpumalanga – Nelspruit ©Via Afrika » Tourism 31 Term 2 Northern Cape – Kimberley Western Cape – Cape Town Eastern Cape – Bisho Free State – Bloemfontein KwaZulu-Natal - Pietermaritzburg 3.2 Neighbouring SADC countries Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Mozambique and Swaziland 3.3 Major South African map features Airports and harbours are gateways to the provinces. Airports - International: OR Tambo International, Cape Town International, King Shaka International. Domestic: Bloemfontein, East London, George, Kimberley, Port Elizabeth, Pilanesberg, Upington, Lanseria Harbours - Durban, Port Elizabeth (Algoa Bay), Ngqura (new harbour at Coega), Cape Town, Mossel Bay, Simon’s Town, Port Nolloth, Hout Bay, Saldanha, Richards Bay, Knysna National highways - N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, etc. Major railway lines: Rovas Rail, The Blue Train Major mountains: Drakensberg, Magaliesberg, Table Mountain, Waterberg, Soutpansberg, Pilanesberg Major rivers and dams: Gariep (Orange) River, Limpopo River, Breede River, Tugela River, Vaal Dam, Hartebeespoort Dam, Gariep Dam World Heritage Sites (eight): Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape, Robben Island, iSimangaliso Wetlands Park, Vredefort Dome, Cape Floral Region, Cradle of Humankind, uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park, Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape National Parks: Addo, Agulhas, Augrabies Falls, Bontebok, Camdeboo, Garden Route (Knysna, Tsitsikamma and Wilderness section), Golden Gate Highlands, Karoo, Kruger National Park, Marakele, Mokala, Mountain Zebra, Namaqua, Table Mountain, Tankwa Karoo, West Coast Transfrontier Parks: Ai-Ai/Richtersveld TFP, Kgalagadi TFP, Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Areas: Limpopo-Shashe, Maloti-Drakensberg Oceans: Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean 4 Map of the World There are seven continents: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America, South America. There are some major islands, almost the size of continents: Greenland, Madagascar. ©Via Afrika » Tourism 32 Term 2 5 Distance indicators and distance tables Used for calculating distances between destinations Help tourists work out how far they can travel in a day; how much time to drive, spend at a destination or attraction. 5.1 Distance indicators on maps Red or black numbers on roads shown on maps Numbers show distances between towns. 5.2 Distance tables Found in map books and brochures Used to plan self-drive tours and routes Used to work out distances between towns or cities Are in rows and columns in table form. 5.3 Travel time Driving time is calculated using the driving speed of average 100 km per hour. The distance to cover is divided by speed to get travelling time. Example: 581 km ÷ 100 km/hour = 5,81 hours Driving time also depends on how many stops made, legal speed limit, road conditions, weather conditions. Questions Question 1: Multiple choice Choose the correct answer. Only write the letter of the answer you select. 1.1 Scale represents: A ratio of distance on map to actual distance on ground B shows the four cardinal points C time differences D a numbered square grid. (2) 1.2 GPS stands for: A General Positioning System B Global Position System C General Position Systems D Global Positioning System. (2) (4) ©Via Afrika » Tourism 33 Term 2 Question 2: True/False Indicate whether the following statements are True or False. If the statement is False, write down the correct statement. 2.1 Longitude lines divide the world into 24 time zones. (2) 2.2 Longitude lines are at 15º intervals. (2) 2.3 UTC is based on the local standard time of the 0º Greenwich Meridian. (2) 2.4 If you travel east and cross the IDL you go back a day. (2) 2.5 South Africa has only four harbours. (2) 2.6 South Africa has nine time zones. (2) 2.7 There are four oceans around South Africa. (2) 2.8 Distance indicators are shown as numbers on a map. (2) 2.9 A tourist could use a distance table to plan a route. (2) 2.10 Driving time depends only on the weather. (2) (20) Question 3: Short answers 3.1 Give TWO examples of map symbols. (2) 3.2 What do political maps show? (2) 3.3 If a tourist wants specific information on an area, what kind of map would be used? (2) 3.4 Name TWO types of electronic maps. (2) 3.5 Why is the Internet important for a tourist? (3) 3.6 Name South Africa’s NINE provinces and their capitals. (18) 3.7 What is the name of Johannesburg’s international airport? (1) 3.8 Name TWO South Africa World Heritage sites. (2) 3.9 What are tourism ‘gateways’ to the provinces ? (2) 3.10 Name the SEVEN continents. (7) (40) ©Via Afrika » Tourism 34 Term 2 Answers Question 1: Multiple choice 1.1 A ✓✓ 1.2 D ✓✓ Question 2: True/False 2.1 True ✓✓ 2.2 True ✓✓ 2.3 True ✓✓ 2.4 False. If you travel east you go forward and gain a day. ✓✓ 2.5 False. It has many more harbours. ✓✓ 2.6 False. It has only one time zone. ✓✓ 2.7 False. There are only two oceans around South Africa. ✓✓ 2.8 True ✓✓ 2.9 True ✓✓ 2.10 False. Driving time depends on how many stops are made, the legal speed limit, road and weather conditions. ✓✓ Question 3: Short answers 3.1 Map symbols: (any two from Table of Map Symbols in Learner Book) ✓✓ 3.2 Location and borders of countries, states or provinces ✓✓ 3.3 A specialist map ✓✓ 3.4 Electronic maps (any 2) GPS ✓ Google Earth ✓ Google Street View ✓ Google Street Maps ✓ 3.5 Internet Provides up-to-date information. ✓ A tourist can plan holidays. ✓ Service providers promote and sell products and services. ✓ 3.6 Provinces and capitals: Limpopo – Polokwane ✓✓ North West – Mafikeng ✓✓ Gauteng – Johannesburg ✓✓ Mpumalanga – Nelspruit ✓✓ Northern Cape – Kimberley ✓✓ Western Cape – Cape Town ✓✓ Eastern Cape – Bisho ✓✓ ©Via Afrika » Tourism 35 Term 2 Free State – Bloemfontein ✓✓ KwaZulu-Natal - Pietermaritzburg ✓✓ 3.7 OR Tambo International Airport ✓ 3.8 World Heritage Sites: (any two) Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape ✓ Robben Island ✓ iSimangaliso Wetlands Park ✓ Vredefort Dome ✓ Cape Floral Region ✓ Cradle of Humankind ✓ uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park ✓ Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape ✓ 3.9 Harbours and airports ✓✓ 3.10 Continents Africa ✓ Antarctica ✓ Asia ✓ Australasia ✓ Europe ✓ North America ✓ South America ✓ ©Via Afrika » Tourism 36 Term 2 Domestic, regional and international tourism Overview topic Domestic, regional 2 and international tourism unit What is domestic unit Domestic tourism 1 tourism? 2 statistics 1 Benefits of 1 Concepts domestic tourism 2 Interpreting for South Africa statistics 2 Promoting domestic tourism in South Africa 1 What is domestic tourism? Domestic tourism is tourists who travel within their own country. Domestic tourism has grown over the last twenty years - more South Africans are travelling. It is valuable to economy, and increases jobs and income. Negative influences on domestic tourism are unemployment, high interest and inflation rates, less available spending money, high cost of living, and the concept of tourism being new to South African culture. 1.1 Benefits of domestic tourism for South Africa 1.1.1 Economy Spend money in local areas Income used for maintenance of facilities, services and infrastructure. 1.1.2 People Labour intensive so creates jobs Requires variety of skills Creates and provides jobs Creates opportunities for small businesses in local communities Supports local business ©Via Afrika » Tourism 37 Term 2 People learn more about their own country and culture. 1.1.3 Environment Creates awareness of natural and cultural environment Creates awareness of conservation Income helps pay towards conservation Awareness of monitoring pollution. 1.2 Promoting domestic tourism in South Africa Tourism can be grown by: Encouraging tourism to all parts of South Africa Marketing Promoting short breaks and group travel Improved advertising Encouraging longer stays Developing a holiday travel culture Providing and publicising more attractions Offering discounts and specials. 1.2.1 Sho’t Left Campaign Campaign to promote domestic tourism Comes from taxi language, meaning ‘I want to jump off just around the corner’. Adapted to mean a short trip or quick getaway Showcases South Africa as a fun, affordable destination Targets the youth Features entertainment, adventure, night life Works with ASATA Website: http://www4.southafrica.net/shotleft/ Travellers can book holidays on the site. The Sho’t Left Enterprise Programme offers previously disadvantaged South Africans opportunity to train as travel agents, selling domestic leisure packages. 2 Domestic tourism statistics 2.1 Concepts Statistics - numerical data obtained from research Statistics SA and SAT collect tourism data Compile tables and graphs to illustrate findings Intra-provincial travel Travel within a province - about 60% of tourists Inter-provincial travel (travel from one province to another) - about 40% of tourists ©Via Afrika » Tourism 38 Term 2 Gauteng and North West province have the most inter-provincial tourists. 2.2 Interpreting statistics Reports prepared once data is collected Help to identify travel patterns. 2.2.1 Statistics show Purpose of trip: Visit family and relatives Holiday Business Religious events Medical. Seasonality: Travel more at certain times of year Mostly during school holidays. Most visited provinces: Major sources - Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal Major destinations - KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape. Length of stay in each province - 2009 statistics show: Average domestic trip = 4,5 nights Average business trip = 7 nights Average holiday = 5 nights Province Average nights per trip Eastern Cape 4,5 Free State 4 Gauteng 3,6 KwaZulu-Natal 4,3 Limpopo 5,2 Mpumalanga 4,4 Northern Cape 5 North West 3,5 Western Cape 4,6 Average expenditure per tourist - R730 per trip in 2009 Activities - social activities, shopping, night life, nature-based are most popular. Questions Question 1: Multiple choice Choose the correct answer. Only write the letter of the answer you select. 1.1 Domestic tourism is: ©Via Afrika » Tourism 39 Term 2 A People who locate to another town to live. B Not valuable to the economy. C Tourists who travel within their own country. D Tourists who travel to another country. (2) (2) Question 2: True/False Indicate whether the following statements are True or False. If the statement is False, write down the correct statement. 2.1 Intra-provincial travel is travel within a province. (2) 2.2 Statistics help to identify travel patterns. (2) 2.3 Recreational activities are the most popular for tourists. (2) 2.4 The average business trip is 4,5 nights. (2) 2.5 Unemployment has a positive effect on domestic tourism. (2) (10) Question 3: Short answers 3.1 Name TWO benefits of domestic tourism. (2) 3.2 Name THREE ways to promote the growth of tourism. (3) 3.3 Give THREE facts about the Sho’t Left Campaign. (3) (8) ©Via Afrika » Tourism 40 Term 2 Answers Question 1: Multiple choice 1.1 C ✓✓ Question 2: True/False 2.1 True ✓✓ 2.2 True ✓✓ 2.3 True ✓✓ 2.4 False. The average business trip is 7 nights. ✓✓ 2.5 False. Unemployment has a negative effect on domestic tourism. ✓✓ Question 3: Short answers 3.1 Benefits of domestic tourism: (any two) Tourism is labour intensive ✓ Requires variety of skills ✓ Creates and provides jobs ✓ Creates opportunities for small businesses in local communities ✓ Supports local business ✓ People learn more about own country and culture ✓ 3.2 Tourism can be grown by: (any three) Encouraging tourism to all parts of South Africa ✓ Marketing ✓ Promoting short breaks and group travel ✓ Improved advertising ✓ Encouraging longer stays ✓ Developing a holiday travel culture ✓ Providing and publicising more attractions ✓ Offering discounts and specials ✓ 3.3 Sho’t Left Campaign (any three) Campaign to promote domestic tourism ✓ Comes from taxi language, meaning ‘I want to jump off just around the corner.’ ✓ Adapted to mean a short trip or quick getaway ✓ Showcases South Africa as a fun, affordable destination ✓ Targets the youth ✓ Features entertainment, adventure, night life ✓ Works with ASATA ✓ Travellers can book holidays on the site. ✓ ©Via Afrika » Tourism 41 Term 2 The Sho’t Left Enterprise Programme: offers previously disadvantaged S Africans opportunity to train as travel agents, selling domestic leisure packages. ✓ ©Via Afrika » Tourism 42 Term 3 Tourist attractions in South Africa Overview topic Tourist 1 attractions in South Africa unit Eastern Cape, unit KwaZulu-Natal unit Mpumalanga, unit Western Cape 1 Free State and Gauteng 2 and Limpopo 3 Northern Cape and North West 4 1 Eastern Cape 1 KwaZulu-Natal 1 Mpumalanga 1 Western Cape 2 Free State (KZN) 2 Northern Cape 3 Gauteng 2 Limpopo 3 North West unit South African unit South African 5 fauna and ﬂora as a tourist attaction 6 national parks (SANParks) 1 Concepts 1 South African 2 Luxury private National Parks game reserves 2 Transfrontier 3 Botanical Gardens Parks (TFP) 3 Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCA) ©Via Afrika » Tourism 43 Term 3 1 Eastern Cape, Free State and Gauteng 1.1 Eastern Cape 800 km of coastline Malaria-free game reserves. 1.1.1 Attractions Addo Elephant National Park Addo marine reserve Activities in Addo: game drives, hiking, horse riding, bird watching, 4x4 trails National Arts Festival in Grahamstown: largest arts festival in country, takes place in June/July Performances and activities at festival: dance, drama, music, art exhibitions, lectures, opera, markets, excursions, walking tours Great Fish River: Fish River canoe marathon in September/October Bloukrans Bridge: 216 m high, over the Bloukrans River, in Tsitsikamma region of Garden Route, on border of Eastern Cape and Western Cape, highest bridge in Africa, third highest in world, largest single span concrete arch in world, highest bungee jump in world. ©Via Afrika » Tourism 44 Term 3 1.2 Free State The Free state is a rural province, with farmland, goldfields, widely dispersed towns. 1.2.1 Attractions Vredefort Dome: near Parys, created by meteorite the size of Table Mountain 2 billion years ago, oldest and largest meteorite impact site in world, original crater 380 km wide and 16-18 km deep, World Heritage site Activities in area: river rafting, abseiling, horse riding, mountain biking, hiking, visits to Anglo-Boer war sites, ‘witblits’ distillery Brandwag Rock in Golden Gate Highlands National Park Golden Gate Highlands National Park: sandstone cliffs are golden coloured, has some wild game and rare bearded vulture Activities in park: game viewing, game drives, hiking, horse-riding, environmental education courses, bowls, tennis, table tennis, snooker. ©Via Afrika » Tourism 45 Term 3 1.3 Gauteng Gauteng is the commercial and industrial centre of the country. 1.3.1 Attractions Cradle of Humankind: World Heritage Site, fossil hominid sites at Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai Important finds: ‘Mrs Ples’, the first hominid skull discovered, about 2,8 million years old, ‘Little Foot’ 4 million year old ape-man skeleton Activities in area: visiting scientific exhibition centre, tours to Sterkfontein caves Apartheid museum: In Gold Reef City, opened in 2001, shows history of apartheid from 1948 to 1994, 22 exhibition areas which include film footage, photographs and artefacts, a symbol of hope Gold Reef City: an old gold mine converted into a theme park Activities in Gold Reef City: amusement park with Golden Loop roller coaster ride, hotels, restaurants, shopping, casino, museums, children’s science museum, 3D movie theatre, traditional African music and dance, tour the deepest gold mine and see gold poured into ingots Heritage of Soweto: meals and entertainment at shebeens. ©Via Afrika » Tourism 46 Term 3 2 KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo 2.1 KwaZulu-Natal (K

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