Developmental Psychology: Nature and Nurture

Developmental Psychology #BLEPP2023 Sourc...

Developmental Psychology #BLEPP2023 Source: Papalia (2021), Santrock (2018), Sigelman-Rider (2012) Perspectives on Nature and Nurture o Genes turn on and off in patterned ways throughout o Human Development – focuses on the scientific the lifespan (Epigenetics) study of the systematic processes of change and o Gene-Environment Interaction – the effects of stability in people genes depend on what kind of environment we o Life-Span Development – concept of human experiences, and how we respond to the environment development as lifelong process, which can be depends on what genes we gave studied scientifically o In an instance, Intelligence is strongly influenced by o Life-Span Perspective – views development as heredity. However, it is also affected by parental lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, stimulation, education, peer influence, and others multidisciplinary, and contextual, and as a process o 3 factors that contribute to individual differences that involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of in emotionality: loss 1. Genes Domains of Development 2. Shared Environmental Influences – common Physical Development – growth of the body and brain, experiences that work to make them similar (e.g., sensory capacities, motor skills, and health parenting style) Cognitive Development – learning, attention, 3. Nonshared Environmental Influences – unique memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity experiences to the individual – those who are not Psychosocial Development – emotions, personality, shared with the other members of the family (e.g., and social relationships parental favoritism) o Social Construction – a concept or practice that is 3 kinds of Gene-Environment Correlations an invention of a particular culture or society Passive Gene-Environment – parent provide for their o Stability-Change Issue – which involves the degree children is influenced partly by the parents’ genotypes to which early traits and characteristics persists Evocative Gene-Environment – child’s genotype through life or change evokes certain kind of reactions from other people o Continuity-Discontinuity – focuses on the degree to - Genetic makeup may affect the reactions of other which development involves either gradual, people to a child and, hence, the kind of social cumulative change (continuity) or distinct stages environment that the child will experience (discontinuity) Active Gene-Environment – children’s genotype o Maturation – the unfolding of natural sequence of influence the kinds of environment they seek physical change and behavior patterns o Heredity – consists of inborn traits and o Behavioral Genetics – scientific study of the extent characteristics provided by the child’s parents to which genetic and environmental differences (Nature) among people and animals are responsible for o Environment – influences stems from the outside differences in their traits body, starting from conception throughout life o Heritability – proportion of all the variability in the (Nurture) trait within a large sample of people that can be o Individual Differences – people differ in gender, linked to genetic differences among those height, weight, and body build; in health and energy individuals level, etc. o Gregor Mendel – studied the heredity in plants o Heredity – consists of inborn traits provided by the o Selective Breeding – involves attempting to breed parents animals for a particular trait to determine whether the o Context of Development: trait is heritable 1. Family – Nuclear and Extended Family ▪ Genes contribute to such attributes as activity 2. Socioeconomic Status – combination of economic level, emotionality, aggressiveness, and sex drive and social factors describing an individual or family, in rats mice, and chickens including income, education, and occupation 1. Twin Studies 3. Culture – society’s or group’s total way of life 2. Adoption Studies ▪ Ethnic Gloss – overgeneralization that obscures 3. Family Studies or blurs variations o Concordance Rate – the percentage of pairs of ▪ Race – identifiable biological category, is more people studied in which if one member of a pair accurately defined social construct displays the trait, the other does too 4. Gender 5. History Hi :) this reviewer is FREE! u can share it with others but never sell it okay? let’s help each other