Topic2_M9118_Data_Analytics.pdf

Topic 2: Frequency Tables, Frequency Distributions and Graphic Presentation Dr. Ahmed Bakri, Dr. Krisztina Soreg & Mr. Antonio Moya o o o o 𝐑𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 D C F B B C D C B C B D D F B B C A D C F B B C D C B C B D D F B B C A 1 18 = Question: What is the di...

Topic 2: Frequency Tables, Frequency Distributions and Graphic Presentation Dr. Ahmed Bakri, Dr. Krisztina Soreg & Mr. Antonio Moya o o o o 𝐑𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 D C F B B C D C B C B D D F B B C A D C F B B C D C B C B D D F B B C A 1 18 = Question: What is the difference between a chart and a graph? Chart: visual representation of information or data. The purpose is to help viewers understand and analyze information easily Graph: using mathematical connections (equations) to visualize data and analyze relationships and trends Bar chart Focus: simplify data and categorize them by sections, intervals, groups or individuals Goal: depict the structure, organization, size, etc. of data → comparison Time horizon: short, mid-term or none Remember: the length of each bar is proportional to the value they represent Types: horizontal or vertical Don’t do this with the bar charts… Pie chart Focus: displaying data in a circular-shaped graph Goal: depict proportions, ratios, shares, percentages (slices of a “pie) Time horizon: none → static chart Remember: using not more than 5-6 components (slices) and adding the values in separate labels Types: donut plot, 3D pie chart or exploded pie chart Don’t do this with the pie charts… 7 6 6 5 5 Frequency 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 0 A B C Grades D F Frequency distribution is a grouping of quantitative data into mutually exclusive categories showing the number of observations in each class. Frequency Distribution for number of the scores on a statistics quiz. Grades Frequency 50 up to 60 3 60 up to 70 70 up to 80 7 5 80 up to 90 1 90 up to 100 2 Total 18 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 → i  ( (𝑯−𝑳) 𝒌 − 7 ) Midpoint = (𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡+𝑈𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡) 2