Topic 1 Matter and Energy.pdf

MATTER AND Topic 1 Matter and Energy THE ENVIRONMENT  Matter and Environment 1.- What do we understand when we speak about the environment? 2.- Name two positive and two negative human impacts on the environment. 3.- What factors...

MATTER AND Topic 1 Matter and Energy THE ENVIRONMENT  Matter and Environment 1.- What do we understand when we speak about the environment? 2.- Name two positive and two negative human impacts on the environment. 3.- What factors determine the environment. Define each one of them. WHAT IS THE ENVIRONMENT? ❖ A series of physical, chemical, biological, social, economic and cultural components that cause direct and indirect effect in the short or long term. This effects are over the living thing in an ecosystem, determining its livelihood, growth and survival. ❖ It is determined by human activities. Scientific and technological advances that give us a Positive great amount of products that satisfy our needs and bring wellness into our lives. Water, air and soil pollution that damages all things Negative within an ecosystem, additionally the disturbance of the geochemical cycles. ENVIRONMENT COMPONENTS Recuperado de https://cutt.ly/Fi7fvPc Recuperado de https://cutt.ly/qi7sEJW Abiotic factors Biotic factors ▪ Biological influences that affect the ▪ Physical or inert matter that make up the organisms in the ecosystem. ecosystem determining the physical o Plant species space where living things dwell. o Animal species ▪ Main limiting factor for population growth. o Microorganisms WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM? An ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms and its physical environment. Ecosystem bring together biotic factors (plants, animals and microorganisms) in an area determined by abiotic factors in the environment. How large can an ecosystem be? Recuperado de https://cutt.ly/Ki7gz3K Recuperado de https://cutt.ly/yi7gB47 https://www.indiaessays.com/essays/india/ecosystem/ecosystem-compilation-of-essays-on-an-ecosystem-environment/13258  BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS Recuperado de https://cutt.ly/7i7jfaF 4. An example of an imbalance due to anthropogenic activity on a biotic factor that you have observed. TODAY´S 5. An example of a physical abiotic factor and a chemical EVALUATION abiotic in your environment. Do it in your notebook, take a photo and send by Remind (you can also scan, I recommend CamScanner) WHY DO WE STUDY MATTER? In order to develop new products, solutions that increase our living conditions, and that take care of the environment its imperative to know the basic principle of energy and mass. Antoine – Laurent Lavoisier “Matter and energy are neither created nor destroyed, only transformed.” Mass: the existence of material as particles. It's the measurement of the amount of matter something has. Its study concerns Chemistry. MATTER RELATED CONCEPTS Energy: the ability to work of cause changes. Its study concerns Physics.   In a food chain, the arrows point the way to the energy flow as nutrients as they go from one level to the next.  We can observe the relationship between species  As energy goes from one level to the next, energy is decreased by a 10%  Energy is transformed linearly, it does not go in cycles.  Matter is transformed through the biogeochemical cycles and its reused that way. https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/asDM0GvoTqhxDqDVP-SKhB2F0MtRJUFTl41Y8T_6YJiIYyYj8XylfBsMDJvFRZdomMzGB8HbS3wXzoxkcMDGUraOJT0-C_zuiEZPhryJTLhTHZ5Sh9x4bK- AwBwqHJKPFrntRQg6_g ENERGY FLOW  https://cdn.kastatic.org/ka-perseus- images/99f0d5b55fdb423d245aaa1b2cc86b46ec88 91fb.png ENERGY FLOW IN A FOOD WEB  ENERGY LOSS At every trophic level energy is lost. Every level uses energy to move, breathe, reproduce, etc. Also, at every level there is a loss towards the environment. https://mammothmemory.net/images/user/base/uncategorised/1.21.98%20Energy%20transfer%20pyramid.jpg TRANSFORMATIONS BETWEEN MASS AND ENERGY Mass - mass Mass - energy Combustion: if 10 g of any paper Chemical reaction: If you have 1 are burned you will get 0.1 g of ash kg of H2 and you combine it with 1 and 9.9 g of gases that go into the kg of O2 in the presence of an air. electrical discharge, you will get Boiling: If you boil 1 kg of liquid water 1.5 kg of water and 0.5 g of long enough, you will get 1 kg of oxygen. water vapor. TYPES OF ENERGY  Wind energy: kinetic energy from the wind.  Electric energy: kinetic energy from electrons  Nuclear energy: potential energy from atomic atoms  Tidal Energy: kinetic energy from the sea currents and waves  HOMEWORK: INDIVIDUALLY: IN TEAMS: Make a breef summary of the biogeochemical cycle that you are going to  Open Activity No. 1 present on Padlet with your team on Friday!  Answer exercises 1 & 2 (only page 1) #1 Carbon cycle  Must be answer by hand (either print and #2 Hydrogen cycle answer or in your notebook) #3 Oxygen cycle  Send a picture by Remind #4 Nitrogen cycle  Watch the following video: #5 Phosphorous cycle  https://youtu.be/Bn41lXKyVWQ #6 Sulfur cycle REFERENCES Hein, M. y Arena, S. (2005). Fundamentos de Química (11a. ed.). Thomson. Chang, R. (2008). Química General para bachillerato. McGraw Hill Interamericana. Phillips, J. S., Strozak, V. S. y Wistrom, Ch. (2007). Química. McGraw Hill. Garritz, A. y Chamizo, J. (1994). Química. Pearson. Phillips, J. S. y Strozak, V.S. (2012). Química, conceptos y aplicaciones. McGraw Hill. Burns, R.A. (2003). Fundamentos de Química (4a. ed.). Prentice Hall