Bicol Region History PDF

COURSE DESCRIPTIONBicol Studies (IO-BS) As a special course traces, establishes, anddevelopsBicol history, culture, language andliteraturetoenrichunderstanding of the Bicolano people andtheir appreciationof the historicity, cultural values, linguisticconstructions,and literary creations...

COURSE DESCRIPTIONBicol Studies (IO-BS) As a special course traces, establishes, anddevelopsBicol history, culture, language andliteraturetoenrichunderstanding of the Bicolano people andtheir appreciationof the historicity, cultural values, linguisticconstructions,and literary creations seen as contributorytothebuildingupof their heritage and their continual developmentasapeople. This study primarily promotesBicol identityandBicol pride. This is an avenue for studentstoshowcasetheircreative work and creativity. LessonObjective: At the end of thelesson, student 1. should be able to: Recognize theBicol regionaccording to itsgivenhistory,culture, languageandliteraturein relation toitscultureand geography Ojectves: 2. Learn and appreciatethelanguageas an object of scientificstudyandtoapply their newknowledgetoeverydaysocial interactions intheir ownlivesand communities.  Ojectves: 3. Determinetherelationshipoflinguistic variationtosocialandcultural identity Historyofthe Bicol Region The term“Bikol” couldhavebeen derivedfrom“biko”,thename of a river whichdrainsinto San Miguel Bay. The Bikol river starts fromLake Bato downstream to its estuarine mouth at SanMiguel Bay The region administrativelyknownas Region Vislocatedonthesoutheastern endof Luzon. It is surroundedbytheVisayanseain the south, PacificOceanintheeast, Lamon BayinthenorthandSibuyan Sea andQuezonprovincein the west. Possibleoriginsalsoincludethe Bikul or bikal bambootreewhich linerivuletsandtheancient nativewordbikomeaning“twisted”o r“bent”. Bicol has a ruggedtopography. Bicol has a ruggedtopography. A ruggedtopographyconsists of a series of mountainranges with variedpeaks, valleysand deep gorges. Thus, a ruggedareaoflandis unevenandcoveredwith rocks, withfewtreesorplants.These includeBulusanVolcano in Sorsoon Region V comprises sixprovinces: The capitals of each provincesare:Daet,Pili, Virac, Legazpi, SorsogonandMasbate. 2020 census population–6,082,165 Before the SpanishconquestofthePhilippines in the1570s, Bikol waswritten with the Bahasanscript,whichis similiar to the Baybayinscript,andwas used to someextent until themid 19th century.  The Spanish usedtheLatinalphabetto write Bikol, andoneof theearilestBikol publications wastheVocabulariode la lengua Bicol, compiledbyFatherMarcos de Lisboa, aFranciscanfriar, between 1602 and1611. (Fr. Alonzo JimenezwroteCatecismode la Doctrina Cristiana(CristianDoctrine) in Bikol in1577. Fr.MarcosdeLisboa wrote theVocabulariodelaLengua Bikol (DictionaryoftheBikollanguage between1590and1620.) The Bikol languageisbasicallyMalayo Polynesianwithadaptationsof some Arabic, Indian, ChineseandSpanish words. Among many variationsofBikol, Naga Bikol is thestandardidiom. The Bikol regionwasknownasIbalon, variouslyinterpretedtoderive fromibalio, tobringtotheother side; ibalon, peoplefromtheother side or peoplewhoare hospitable andgivevisitorsgiftstobring home. A barangay(village)systemwas inexistenceby1569. 1.Recordshowsnosigno f Islamicrulenoranyauthor itysurpassingthedatu(chi eftain) 2. The natives seemedapolitical.Thus the datu’sinfluencematteredmos t duringcri sesl i kewars.Otherwise theearlyBikolsocietyremained familycentered,andthe leader was theheadof thefamily. Pre-colonial leadershipwas based onstrength, courage  andintelligence. The Spaniards arrivedinMasbatein1567under Mateo del Saz andMartindeGoiti. MARTIN DEGOITI Itwas Luis de Guzman’s visit in1569that began colonization. The Agustinian priests, AlonzoJimenezandJuan de Orta, pioneeredintheconversionof Bikol, the first natives of Luzontobe Christianized. When they arrived here, thevillageswereemptyfor the natives accustomed toMuslimhostilityhad fled to highlands in anticipationof araid. In 1636 the regionwassubdividedinto Partido deIbalonandPartidodeCamarines, theformer composedofAlbay, Catanduanes(oncepartof Albay), Sorsogon, MasbateandtheTicao and BuriasIslands. Ibalon or ibalongreferstotheancient nameof theBikol regionwhere one of themajorethnicgroups in thePhilippinescalledBikolano resides (O’Brien, 1993). In 1829 CamarinessplitintoNorte and Sur, but werereunitedi n 1 8 9 3 ; i n1919t heywereformally establishedasprovinces. Records show that  SpanishabuseinLuzonstarted in Bicol. rd After the 3 line: The native’s quick defensebroughtupon them the whip of conquest e.g. propertyconfiscation, fowerrced labor, conscriptionandlossoftraditional power. The natives were first oppressedbyAndresdeIbarra who reached Bikol in1570. The gold mines too wereexploitedbyJuandeSalcedo during his explorations of northern Bikol in 1571. Juande Salcedo The strict impositioninthese provincesof the1 8 5 4 Cl av eri al awordering theadoptionofSpanish surnames. The hispanizationofBikol was alsoseenint h e i n tr o duct i onofreligious education: In the picture: NarcisoClavería y Zaldúa From the day s of the Spani sh conques t, some Fi l ipinos had received Spanish surnames. Most people, however, had no surnames, which caused confusion. On Wednesday, November 21, 1849, Clavería  issued a decree sending long l ists of Spanish and local surnames to the chief s of the provinces. These were sent out to the different towns, and given to the locals who had nosurnames. In many towns, all the names for people inthat town began with the same letter of the alphabet. For instance, surnames starting with "A" applies for those who lived in Alimodianwhile those starting "M" apply for those who lived in Miagao Dissemination of surnames According to the decree, a copy of the catalogue, which contains 61,000 surnames, was to be distributed to the provincial heads of the archipelago. From there, a certain number of surnames, based on population, were sent to each barangay's parish priest. The head of each barangay, along with another town official or two, was present when the father or the oldest person in each family chose a surname for his or her family. A surname is given to only one family per municipality to reduce any issues about surnames being associated with an ethnic background or group affiliation. The dissemination of surnames were also based on the recipient family's origins. For example, surnames starting with "A" were distributed to provincial capitals, "B" surnames were given to secondary towns, and tertiary towns received "C" surnames. Families were awarded with the surnames or asked to choose from them. However, several groups were exempt from having to choose new surnames: 1. Those with a previously adopted surname (whether indigenous or foreign) already on the list or, if not on the list, not prohibited because of ethnic origin or being too common. 1. Fam i l i es who had alr eady a d o p t e d a prohibited surname but could prove their family had used the name for at least four consecutive generations. (Those were names prohibited for being too common, like de los Santos or de la Cruz or for other reasons.) Spanish names are the majority f o u n d i n t h e b o o k s ' l i s t o f legitimate surnames. Because of the mass implementation of S p a n i s h s u r n a m e s i n t h e Philippines, a Spanish surname does not necessarily indicate Spanish ancestry, which can make it difficult for Filipinos to accurately trace their lineage.  These were sent out to the different towns, CLAVERIALAW and given to the locals who had nosurnames. In many towns, all the names for people inthat town began with the same letter of the alphabet. For instance, surnames starting with "A" applies for those who lived in Alimodianwhile those starting "M" apply for those  who lived in Miagao Here are some facts about Albay’s surnames: Albay has 106,956 family names in total; Legazpi City has the most number of surnames at 27,013 or 12.5% of the province's total surnames. Daraga and Ligao City are close 2nd and 3rd with most surnames at 10.9% and 10.7%, respectively; Here are some facts about Albay’s surnames: * Manito, Rapu-Rapu, and Jovellar have the least number of surnames at just 2%, 1.9%, and 1.7%, respectively; * 58.2% of Albay's surnames start with the letters B, M, C, A, and R with B comprising 22.3% of all surnames; Here are some facts about Albay’s surnames:  * The letters with the least n um b e r o f s u r n a m e s starting in them are U, K, W, Ñ, and X with each having less than 0.1% count. These were sent out to the different towns, CLAVERIALAW and given to the locals who had nosurnames.  In many towns, all the names for people inthat town began with the same letter of the alphabet. For instance, surnames starting with "A" applies for those who lived in Alimodianwhile those starting "M" apply for those who lived in Miagao While it has always been believed that the Bikol region had an abnormally large number of surnames that begin in the same letter, none of Sorsogon's towns and cities exhibit such peculiarity. For instance, while Bulan has almost 25% of its surnames starting in letter G, most of the other letters are mostly well represented as well. Here are a few insteresting tidbits about Sorsogon's family names: 1. The province of Sorsogon has approximately 68,407 unique surnames; 2. Sorsogon City has the most number of surnames in the province, making up 16% of all family names, followed by Bulan with 14% and Irosin with 10%; 3. The towns with the least number  of surnames are Prieto Diaz and Santa Magdalena with 2% each; 4. Sixty-six percent of Sorsogon’s surnames start with just 8 letters: B, G, M, D, A, L, C, and E, with the rest distributed among other letters; 5. Surnames beginning in letters B and G are the most numerous in Sorsogon; Eighteenth century reforms introducedtheprincipales or local elite into local office.  The Principalia of a rural parish in colonial Philippines, joining the Holy Week procession. An innate religiosity and a cultivated respect for authorityfacilitated  adjustment to Spanish leadershippatterns. The Principalía or noble class was the rulingandusuallyeducated upper class in the pueblos of theSpanishPhilippines,comprising the gobernadorcillo (who had functionssimilartoatown mayor), and the cabezas de barangay (headsof thebarangays) who governed the districts. The gobernadorcillo or town mayor was selected from 12 electors who were of this class and and who were preferably well versed in Spanish. To as sure ful l andtimely collection of taxes, Simon de Anda’s 1781decree stipulated that cabezas de barangay or b a r a n g a y h e a d s bewealthy.  Kung kaya’t ang mga cabeza de barangay ay naging exempted sa pagbayad ng tributo o tax at nakaligtas sa sapilitang paggawa o forced labor kung kaya’t lahat ay nagnanais na mahalal bilang p u n o n g b a r a n g a y a t d i t o nagsimula ang pagkakaroon ng anomalya sa eleksyon. The Bikols were describedbysomeSpanishchroniclers as very fierce warriors. -Sorsogon participated in Samar’sSumuroyRevolt in 1649.  -In Camarines, minor rebellionsoccurredcontemporaneously with theSumuroyrebellion and during the British occupationof Manilabetween 1762 and 1764. Thus their battle comprised many battles againstforeignincursions. The natives resisted the Spaniards mainly throughalarmedsignals  when overwhelm by the opposition, or failingthese,a run to the hills. One example is the Mt.Isarog which had beentherefugeofthe natives and they are called as remontados or cimarronesor runaway slaves or those who had gonebacktothemountains. To entrench themselves intheregion,theAmericans encouraged native collaboration.(However collaborators like Claro Muyot andAnastacio Camara of Sorsogon wwere condemnedbythe local revolutionaries for accepting Americanposts.)  When the rebels rejected peacemakingandovertures, the Americans returnedtoforce:burning, pillaging and killing. In April 1901 the Americanmilitarygovernment was replacedbyprovincialcivil governments under thePhilippineCommission.  Bikol’s economic development helpedtobringitcloser to the nation’s mainstreaminandaroundManila. With the introduction of popular education, anewcurriculum was established althoughSpanishremained the mediumof instructionuntil the1920’s. Fifty three AmericanThomasitesarrived in Bikol tohelpexecutetheFirst Philippine Commission’spolicyonpublic instructioninthefirst decadeofthe century. Later, they were replacedbyAmerican educated pensionadosor scholars. American government andeducationhowever did not immediatelyerasedtheSpanish presenceintheregion.Until1920s, Spanish remainedthemediumofinstruction. School children under ThomasitesinSorsogon The name of the school is Sorsogon Institute - The saidnamecamefromReport of  the Philippine Commission to the Secretary of War (1900-1916) On December 12 1941Japanesesoldiers landed in Legazpi, andtwodayslater marched into Naga. They met negligible resistancesincemostof the USAFE (United StatesArmedForces in the Far East) forcesinBicolwere serving in Bataan. The first guerilla forceagainst the JapaneseinthePhilippines was organizedby Wenceslao Vinzonsof Camarines Norte in December 1941. Vinzons attacked Daet in May 1942 and on this same date the guerilla forces of Camarines Sur namely the Camp Isarog I with the Tangkong Vaca Guerilla Unit following, recaptured Naga but lost again after two days. In July 1942 Vinzons were apprehended and executed. His patriotism was later immortalized by his birthplace, Indan, which was renamed Vinzons. Vinzons , formerly known as Indan, is a coastal municipality in the province of Camarines Norte. InMarchandApril1945, DouglasMcArthur’sSixth Army, aidedbyFilipino guerillasdefeatedthe Japaneseintheregion. Thecommonwealthin Bikol wasrestored,and theUSArmedForces maintainedamilitary baseinPanayIsland.