Top Tier Parametric Roll, Resonant Roll Formül Ve Olay Raporları (PDF)

Review of incidents resulting in loss of containers Report No. : 33039-1-SEA Date : May 2022 Version : 1.2 Final Report  Report No. 33039-1-SEA i Review of incidents resulting in lo...

Review of incidents resulting in loss of containers Report No. : 33039-1-SEA Date : May 2022 Version : 1.2 Final Report  Report No. 33039-1-SEA i Review of incidents resulting in loss of containers MARIN order No. : 33039 MARIN Project Manager : R. Grin, Msc. Classification : - Number of pages : 173 Ordered by : TopTier JIP Reported by : R. Grin, MSc. Reviewed by : W.H. Pauw, MSc Version Date Version description 0.1 July 2021 Initial document 1.0 Sep 2021 Preliminary draft 1.1 Nov 2021 Draft 1.2 May 2022 Final Signatures management : H. Bogaert G. Gaillarde Manager Performance at Sea Head of Ships Department  Report No. 33039-1-SEA ii CONTENTS PAGE 1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................... 1 2 READING GUIDE......................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Definitions and notation...............................................................................................................2 2.2 Estimation of rolling period..........................................................................................................3 2.3 Estimation of speed.....................................................................................................................4 2.4 Estimation of wave conditions, wave encounter period and wave length...................................4 2.5 Sources and confidence level......................................................................................................5 3 CLASSIFICATION OF INCIDENTS.............................................................................................. 6 3.1 Incident overview.........................................................................................................................6 3.2 Incident statistics.........................................................................................................................7 3.3 Classification of incident..............................................................................................................9 4 INCIDENT REPORTS................................................................................................................ 11 4.1 APL China, 1998.......................................................................................................................11 4.1.1 Summary....................................................................................................................11 4.1.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................12 4.1.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................13 4.1.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................14 4.1.5 Sources......................................................................................................................15 4.2 P&O Nedlloyd Barcelona, 2000.................................................................................................16 4.2.1 Summary....................................................................................................................16 4.2.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................17 4.2.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................17 4.2.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................17 4.2.5 Sources......................................................................................................................20 4.3 OOCL America, 2000................................................................................................................21 4.3.1 Summary....................................................................................................................21 4.3.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................22 4.3.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................22 4.3.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................23 4.3.5 Sources......................................................................................................................23 4.4 Ville D’Orion, 2001.....................................................................................................................24 4.4.1 Summary....................................................................................................................24 4.4.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................24 4.4.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................25 4.4.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................25 4.4.5 Sources......................................................................................................................25 4.5 Dutch Navigator, 2001...............................................................................................................26 4.5.1 Summary....................................................................................................................26 4.5.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................27 4.5.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................28 4.5.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................28 4.5.5 Sources......................................................................................................................28 4.6 Andinet, 2003............................................................................................................................29 4.6.1 Summary....................................................................................................................29 4.6.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................30 4.6.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................30 4.6.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................30 4.6.5 Sources......................................................................................................................30 4.7 Xin Qing Dao.............................................................................................................................31 4.7.1 Summary....................................................................................................................31 4.7.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................32  Report No. 33039-1-SEA iii 4.7.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................32 4.7.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................33 4.7.5 Sources......................................................................................................................33 4.8 P&O Nedlloyd Genoa, 2006......................................................................................................34 4.8.1 Summary....................................................................................................................34 4.8.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................35 4.8.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................36 4.8.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................36 4.8.5 Sources......................................................................................................................36 4.9 P&O Nedlloyd Mondriaan, 2006................................................................................................37 4.9.1 Summary....................................................................................................................37 4.9.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................38 4.9.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................38 4.9.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................38 4.9.5 Sources......................................................................................................................38 4.10 CMA CGM Otello, 2006.............................................................................................................39 4.10.1 Summary....................................................................................................................39 4.10.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................40 4.10.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................40 4.10.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................41 4.10.5 Sources......................................................................................................................41 4.11 CMA CGM Verdi, 2006..............................................................................................................42 4.11.1 Summary....................................................................................................................42 4.11.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................43 4.11.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................44 4.11.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................44 4.11.5 Sources......................................................................................................................44 4.12 Jeppesen Maersk, 2006............................................................................................................45 4.12.1 Summary....................................................................................................................45 4.12.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................45 4.12.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................46 4.12.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................46 4.12.5 Sources......................................................................................................................47 4.13 Annabella, 2007.........................................................................................................................48 4.13.1 Summary....................................................................................................................48 4.13.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................49 4.13.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................50 4.13.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................50 4.13.5 Sources......................................................................................................................51 4.14 Ital Florida, 2007........................................................................................................................52 4.14.1 Summary....................................................................................................................52 4.14.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................53 4.14.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................53 4.14.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................53 4.14.5 Sources......................................................................................................................54 4.15 CMA CGM Dahlia, 2008............................................................................................................55 4.15.1 Summary....................................................................................................................55 4.15.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................56 4.15.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................56 4.15.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................56 4.15.5 Sources......................................................................................................................57 4.16 Pacific Adventurer, 2009...........................................................................................................58 4.16.1 Summary....................................................................................................................58 4.16.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................59 4.16.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................60 4.16.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................61 4.16.5 Sources......................................................................................................................62  Report No. 33039-1-SEA iv 4.17 YM Taichung, 2009...................................................................................................................63 4.17.1 Summary....................................................................................................................63 4.17.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................64 4.17.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................64 4.17.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................65 4.17.5 Sources......................................................................................................................65 4.18 Bai Chay Bridge, 2012...............................................................................................................66 4.18.1 Summary....................................................................................................................66 4.18.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................67 4.18.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................67 4.18.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................67 4.18.5 Sources......................................................................................................................69 4.19 Svendborg Maersk, 2014..........................................................................................................70 4.19.1 Summary....................................................................................................................70 4.19.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................71 4.19.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................71 4.19.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................72 4.19.5 Sources......................................................................................................................73 4.20 Wehr Singapore, 2015...............................................................................................................74 4.20.1 Summary....................................................................................................................74 4.20.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................75 4.20.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................75 4.20.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................75 4.20.5 Sources......................................................................................................................75 4.21 Maersk Merete, 2017.................................................................................................................76 4.21.1 Summary....................................................................................................................76 4.21.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................77 4.21.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................78 4.21.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................79 4.21.5 Sources......................................................................................................................79 4.22 Ever Smart, 2017.......................................................................................................................80 4.22.1 Summary....................................................................................................................80 4.22.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................81 4.22.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................82 4.22.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................82 4.22.5 Sources......................................................................................................................83 4.23 CMA CGM Washington, 2018...................................................................................................84 4.23.1 Summary....................................................................................................................84 4.23.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................85 4.23.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................86 4.23.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................86 4.23.5 Sources......................................................................................................................88 4.24 Maersk Shanghai, 2018.............................................................................................................89 4.24.1 Summary....................................................................................................................89 4.24.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................90 4.24.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................91 4.24.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................91 4.24.5 Sources......................................................................................................................91 4.25 YM Efficiency, 2018...................................................................................................................92 4.25.1 Summary....................................................................................................................92 4.25.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................93 4.25.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................94 4.25.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................95 4.25.5 Sources......................................................................................................................96 4.26 MSC Zoe, 2019.........................................................................................................................97 4.26.1 Summary....................................................................................................................97 4.26.2 Incident conditions.....................................................................................................98  Report No. 33039-1-SEA v 4.26.3 Description of damage...............................................................................................99 4.26.4 Other photos..............................................................................................................99 4.26.5 Sources....................................................................................................................100 4.27 Helsinki Bridge, 2019...............................................................................................................101 4.27.1 Summary..................................................................................................................101 4.27.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................102 4.27.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................102 4.27.4 Other photos............................................................................................................103 4.27.5 Sources....................................................................................................................103 4.28 OOCL Rauma, 2020................................................................................................................104 4.28.1 Summary..................................................................................................................104 4.28.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................105 4.28.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................106 4.28.4 Other photos............................................................................................................106 4.28.5 Sources....................................................................................................................107 4.29 APL England, 2020..................................................................................................................108 4.29.1 Summary..................................................................................................................108 4.29.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................109 4.29.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................110 4.29.4 Other photos............................................................................................................110 4.29.5 Sources....................................................................................................................111 4.30 MSC Palak, 2020.....................................................................................................................112 4.30.1 Summary..................................................................................................................112 4.30.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................113 4.30.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................113 4.30.4 Other photos............................................................................................................113 4.30.5 Sources....................................................................................................................114 4.31 UNI Florida, 2020....................................................................................................................115 4.31.1 Summary..................................................................................................................115 4.31.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................116 4.31.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................116 4.31.4 Other photos............................................................................................................116 4.31.5 Sources....................................................................................................................117 4.32 ONE Aquila, 2020....................................................................................................................118 4.32.1 Summary..................................................................................................................118 4.32.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................119 4.32.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................120 4.32.4 Other photos............................................................................................................120 4.32.5 Sources....................................................................................................................120 4.33 Seroja Lima, 2020...................................................................................................................121 4.33.1 Summary..................................................................................................................121 4.33.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................122 4.33.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................123 4.33.4 Other photos............................................................................................................123 4.33.5 Sources....................................................................................................................123 4.34 ONE Apus, 2020......................................................................................................................124 4.34.1 Summary..................................................................................................................124 4.34.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................125 4.34.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................126 4.34.4 Other photos............................................................................................................127 4.34.5 Sources....................................................................................................................128 4.35 Ever Liberal, 2020...................................................................................................................129 4.35.1 Summary..................................................................................................................129 4.35.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................130 4.35.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................131 4.35.4 Other photos............................................................................................................132 4.35.5 Sources....................................................................................................................133  Report No. 33039-1-SEA vi 4.36 Maersk Essen, 2021................................................................................................................134 4.36.1 Summary..................................................................................................................134 4.36.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................135 4.36.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................136 4.36.4 Other photos............................................................................................................137 4.36.5 Sources....................................................................................................................137 4.37 MSC Aries, 2021.....................................................................................................................138 4.37.1 Summary..................................................................................................................138 4.37.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................139 4.37.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................140 4.37.4 Other photos............................................................................................................140 4.37.5 Sources....................................................................................................................140 4.38 UNI Popular, 2021...................................................................................................................141 4.38.1 Summary..................................................................................................................141 4.38.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................141 4.38.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................142 4.38.4 Other photos............................................................................................................143 4.38.5 Sources....................................................................................................................144 4.39 Maersk Eindhoven, 2021.........................................................................................................145 4.39.1 Summary..................................................................................................................145 4.39.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................146 4.39.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................147 4.39.4 Other photos............................................................................................................147 4.39.5 Sources....................................................................................................................147 4.40 MED Denizli, 2021...................................................................................................................148 4.40.1 Summary..................................................................................................................148 4.40.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................148 4.40.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................148 4.40.4 Other photos............................................................................................................149 4.40.5 Sources....................................................................................................................149 4.41 Baltic Tern, 2021.....................................................................................................................150 4.41.1 Summary..................................................................................................................150 4.41.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................151 4.41.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................151 4.41.4 Other photos............................................................................................................152 4.41.5 Sources....................................................................................................................152 4.42 Ever Liven, 2021......................................................................................................................153 4.42.1 Summary..................................................................................................................153 4.42.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................154 4.42.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................155 4.42.4 Other photos............................................................................................................155 4.42.5 Sources....................................................................................................................156 4.43 Thalassa Tyhi, 2021................................................................................................................157 4.43.1 Summary..................................................................................................................157 4.43.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................158 4.43.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................159 4.43.4 Other photos............................................................................................................160 4.43.5 Sources....................................................................................................................161 4.44 ZIM Kingston, 2021.................................................................................................................162 4.44.1 Summary..................................................................................................................162 4.44.2 Incident conditions...................................................................................................163 4.44.3 Description of damage.............................................................................................164 4.44.4 Other photos............................................................................................................164 4.44.5 Sources....................................................................................................................165  Report No. 33039-1-SEA 1 1 INTRODUCTION This report is part of phase 1 of the TopTier Joint industry project and contains the incident review. It lists 44 incidents from which information was available. It only contains incidents in which it is believed that ship motions contributed to the loss and/or damage of containers. It is difficult to judge if this list gives a representative overview of the incidents, however it still gives a unified and structured overview useful for the next phases in the project. Chapter 2 provides a reading guide containing the main sources, estimates made and some definitions and notations. Chapter 3 contains the classification of the incidents including an overview and derived statistics. Chapter 4 contains the description of the individual incidents.  Report No. 33039-1-SEA 2 2 READING GUIDE 2.1 Definitions and notation The below table provides the applied definitions and notations used in this report. Table 2-1: Definitions and notation Quantity Symbol Unit Length over all LOA m Beam B m Transverse metacentric height GM m Mass radius of inertia around x-axis kxx m Added mass radius of inertia around x-axis axx m Roll natural period Tφ s Significant wave height Hs M Peak wave period Tp S Wave encounter period Te s Wave length λ m Effective wave length λeff m Wave heading (ship fixed) µ deg The co-ordinate system and related sign conventions follow the ITTC standards. The wave heading (µ) of the vessel is given in a ship co-ordinate system; it is defined as the angle between the direction of wave propagation and the direction of the vessel's bow. The following sign convention for the wave heading applies: Table 2-2: Ship wave heading convention 180 deg Head seas 135 deg / 215 deg Bow-quartering seas over starboard / portside 90 deg / 270 deg Beam seas over starboard / portside 45 deg / 315 deg Stern-quartering seas over starboard / portside 0 deg Following seas Port 0° 180° Bow Starboard 45° 90° 135 °  Report No. 33039-1-SEA 3 2.2 Estimation of rolling period The natural period of roll is given by the following formula: k xx 2 + axx 2 Tφ = 2π g ⋅ GM In which: Tφ = natural period in [s] kxx = mass radius of inertia around x-axis in [m] axx = added mass radius of inertia around x-axis in [m] g = acceleration due to gravity in [m/s2] GM = transverse metacentric height including free surface correction in [m] In some cases the GM is given, but in 21 of the 44 incidents, it has been estimated. Table 2-3 shows the applied GM values, which are based on information provided by the ship operators. Typical values are estimated for long voyages (like Asia – Europe and Asia – USA and vice versa) and for coastal voyages (like inter-Asia or inter-Europe). Due to congestion in Long Beach (USA), container vessels were fully loaded in 2020 and 2021. This resulted in lower GM values for Pacific Eastbound (from Asia to USA) in this period. In addition to the typical GM values, also lower and higher estimates are given. It is not claimed that these are the extreme values but they reflect the typical range. Table 2-3: Applied GM values if not available GM Long voyages Pacific Eastbound Coastal voyages [m] 2020-2021 Typical 2.0 1.5 3.0 Low 1.2 1.0 1.2 High 4.0 2.5 8.0 Next to the GM values also the mass radius of inertia around x-axis (roll inertia) and roll added mass is needed in the estimation of the rolling period. Table 2-4 shows the applied values of kxx which are based on experience, research (Grin et al, 2016 1) and measurement data on the CMA-CGM Rigoletto (9400 TEU container vessel). The roll added mass (axx) depends on the vessel shape, motion response and water depth. To keep it simple, it is here estimated at 0.18B (from experience) and its variation is assumed to be including in the variation of the kxx. As these estimations have significant effect on the estimation of the roll period it is recommended to get better estimates of kxx and axx in next phases of the project. Table 2-4: Applied kxx and axx kxx/B axx/B [-] [-] Typical 0.39 0.18 Low 0.29 0.18 High 0.49 0.18 1 Grin et al, ‘On the prediction of weight distribution and its effect on seakeeping’, PRADS 2016.  Report No. 33039-1-SEA 4 2.3 Estimation of speed In 10% of the incidents the speed is not available. In that case a typical speed is assumed of around 15 kn in 5 m waves. This increases to around 18 kn in lower waves and reducing to around 12 kn in higher waves. 2.4 Estimation of wave conditions, wave encounter period and wave length On basis of the estimated track (combination of time, latitude and longitude), wind and wave conditions are estimated from ECMWF ERA-5 hindcast data. This public available dataset is from the European Centre of Medium Range Weather Forecasts in the UK. It has a spatial resolution of 0.5 x 0.5 deg (approximately 30 x 30 nm) and a time step of 1 h. The applied dataset contains the wave spectral parameters of windsea and swell (Hs, T1 and µ). The mean wave period (T1) has been converted to peak wave period (Tp) by using a factor 1.198 (this is valid for Jonswap type wave spectra). In the next step, the wave direction has been translated from earth fixed (coming from with respect to the North) to ship fixed (coming from with respect to the bow). Thereafter the wave encounter period is calculated with: g ⋅ Tp2 Te = g ⋅ Tp − 2π ⋅ Vs ⋅ cos(µ ) In which: Te = wave encounter period in [s] Tp = peak wave period in [s] g = acceleration due to gravity in [m/s2] Vs = vessel speed in [m/s] µ = ship fixed wave heading [rad] The effective wave length is based on a deep water wave length approximation and calculated by: 1.56 ⋅ Tp2 λ eff = cos(µ ) Note that throughout this report λeff is referred to as λ. From this the ratio between the roll natural period and the encounter period (Tφ/Te ) and ratio between the wave length and vessel length (λ/Loa) are calculated. These 2 ratios give, together with wave direction, a rough guess on expected seakeeping behaviour. Note that ‘limits’ are to be refined in later stages of the project. Table 2-5: Rough estimate of ship motions Tφ/Te λ/Loa µ Parametric roll in (close to) head seas 1.8