Filarial Worm & Other Tissue Nematodes PDF

Filarial worm & other Tissue Nematodes [email protected] Common Characteristics Location: Adult worms (according to species) live in the lymphatic, subcutaneous tissue, connective tissue, muscle, or body cavities. viviparous Transmission Need intermediate host (vector)...

Filarial worm & other Tissue Nematodes [email protected] Common Characteristics Location: Adult worms (according to species) live in the lymphatic, subcutaneous tissue, connective tissue, muscle, or body cavities. viviparous Transmission Need intermediate host (vector) The first stage larva of filarial worm is called microfilaria. [email protected] Microfilaria of pathogenic filarial worms that live in the blood show what is called periodicity or an adaptation to the bite of mosquitoes *Nocturnal periodicity: microfilaria found in peripheral blood in greater number during night. *Diurnal periodicity: microfilaria found in peripheral blood in greater number during day light. Non periodicity: microfilaria circulate at constant level during the day and night. [email protected]  Wuchereria buncrofti Cause lymphatic filariasis. Disease called: Wechereiasis, Buncroften filariasis or Elephantiasis. Distribution: Widely distributed of the filarial worms. In Asia, America and Africa. Habitat: in lymphatics Intermediate host: Culex, Ades and Anopheles mosquito  Habitat: In Lymphatics commonly affects the lower extremities and there may also be genital and breast involvement Morphology: thread like, the male has curved tail at the posterior end, its measures 40 mm, the female measures 80- 100 mm, Usually Both adult male and female remain coiled together in nodules in lymph vessels and lymph node. Adult of W.bancrofti Microfilaria: (L1) Sheathed Rounded anteriorly and pointed posteriorly Have few body kink and no nuclei at the tip of the tail. Diagnostic stage. Nocturnal periodicity. [email protected] [email protected]  Pathology: 1- Inflammatory reaction: due to the sensitivity to the product of the living and dead adult. Characterized by fever, chills and headache. acute lymphangitis in spermatic cord orchitis (inflammation of testes). 2-Obstractive filariasis: acute inflammation at the end convert to granuloma, it cause damage of lymphatic, fibrosis, oedema and enlargement (Elephantiasis). [email protected] Arm Lab diagnosis: 1- blood examination: collection of nocturnal blood (22.00-04-00) or use Di ethyl carbomazine for during day to stimulate the circulation of nocturnal periodic. a-wet preparation(motile microfilaria). b- thick and thin blood film (Giemsa stain and Hematoxylin). c- Knott’s centrifugation technique : Blood is mixed with a lysing agent and centrifuged to concentrate the microfilariae, facilitating their detection (1ml blood+9ml 2% formalin centrifugation. Stain the sediment by methylene blue, add drop from sample on glass slide cover by cover glass exam by 10) or 2ml Venus blood + 1% acetic acid, shake to hemolyse RBCs, centrifugation, test the sediment.  Urine sample of wuchereia bancrofti Chyluria is a condition where lymphatic fluid (chyle) leaks into the urine, and it can be associated with Wuchereria bancrofti infection. To diagnose chyluria in the context of Wuchereria bancrofti, several methods are used: Urine Examination: Milky Appearance: Chyluria is often indicated by a milky or cloudy appearance of the urine, which results from the presence of chyle. Urine Sediment Test: Microscopic examination of urine sediment may reveal the presence of fat droplets or lymphocytes. 3- Hydroceal fluid and lymph aspiration: as urine. 4- ICT 5- ELISA Molecular methods Xenodiagnosis [email protected]  Question? [email protected]