Tibbiy Kimyo Ang 1 Kurs PDF

# According to the 1st law of thermodynamics: - heat does not transfer from a cold body to a hot body - heat does not transfer from a hot body to a cold body + energy does not disappear and cannot be created from nothing - the heat of formation is equal to the heat of decomposition - gases diffuse from a large container to a small container # The name of the phenomenon observed when an isotonic solution is injected into the blood: - hemolysis - plasmolysis - deplasmolysis + isoosmia - dehemolysis # Formula corresponding to Raoult's first law: - ΔH ΔU + TΔS Р Р n + 0  Р0 nN - Dtkayn. = E∙b - Dtmuz. = K∙b - P= CRT # The name of the limit of the amount of acid or base added to change the pH of the solution by 1 unit: - pH of the buffer + buffer capacity - buffer concentration - concentration of acid or base - dissociation constant of acid or base # Buffer capacity is calculated according to the following formula: - pH = -lg [H+] - Cm = m/MV - Kd = [AB]/[A+]n[B-]m - n = m/M + B = C/pH1–pH0 # The most common buffer system inside the cell is: + phosphate - ammoniacal - hydrocarbonate - with acetate - Oxidized # The buffer system that affects all organs of the body is: - phosphated - ammoniacal - hydrocarbonate - with acetate + protein # Cause of Wilson's disease, this is excess: - Au - Ni - Ca + Cu - Ag # The name of the group directly connected to the central atom of the complex: - inner sphere + ligand - outer sphere - cation - anion # Name of number of monodentate ligands: - valence - degree of oxidation + coordination number - electronegativity - atomic inclination # Particles that can form the outer sphere in cationic complexes: + acid residue or hydroxide group - metal - neutral polar particle - non-metallic - ammonium ion # The working solution for determining the hardness of water by the complesonometry method is: - Iodine solution + Trilon B solution - strong acid - a strong foundation - Potassium permanganate # The name of the substance used as an indicator in complex ionometry: - thymolphthalein - phenolphthalein - methyl orange - methyl red + eriochrome black # Show the indicator used in the permanganatometry method: + working solution - methyl orange - methyl red - phenolphthalein - detectable solution # Indicate which of the following is an endemic type of disease: - aluminous + strontium rickets - berylliosis- Oh - Ni - Ca + Cu - Ag # The name of the group directly connected to the central atom of the complex: - inner sphere + ligand - outer sphere - cation - anion # Name of number of monodentate ligands: - valence - degree of oxidation + coordination number - electronegativity - atomic inclination # Particles that can form the outer sphere in cationic complexes: + acid residue or hydroxide group - metal - neutral polar particle - non-metallic - ammonium ion # The working solution for determining the hardness of water by the complesonometry method is: - Iodine solution + Trilon B solution - strong acid - a strong foundation - Potassium permanganate # The name of the substance used as an indicator in complex ionometry: - thymolphthalein - phenolphthalein - methyl orange - methyl red + eriochrome black # Show the indicator used in the permanganatometry method: + working solution - methyl orange - methyl red - phenolphthalein - detectable solution # Indicate which of the following is an endemic type of disease: - aluminous + strontium rickets - berylliosis - anthracosis - Argyria # The name of a system that does not exchange energy or matter with the external environment: - homogeneous system - heterogeneous system - open system + separated system - closed system # Types of complexes that include Na3[Co(NO2)6], K2[CuCl4] compounds: - aqua complexes + acid complexes - internal complexes - cationic complexes - mixed complexes # Chlorophyll belongs to the group of the following complexes: - mixed complex compounds - aqua complexes - amino complexes - acid complexes + internal complex compounds # Charges of complex ions of [Cu(NH3)4]SO4, [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] compounds: - 4; 0 - 3; 0 + 2; 0 - 2; +2 - 3; +2 # A representation of Van't-Hoff's equation used to calculate osmotic pressure: - Picture = KRT - Figure =C2RT + Image = CRT - Image = iRT - Picture = VRT #In alkalosis, the pH changes in body organs are observed as follows: - acid formation - production of products + basicity increase - increased acidity - increased neutrality # In the potentiometric titration method, the volume is determined as a function of the following quantity: + to the difference between the potentials of the determining and comparison electrodes - to the difference of electric conductivities of solutions and titrants - to the difference of the resistances of solution and titrants - to the voltage difference - to the current difference # The potential of the indicator electrode depends on the following quantity: + to the active concentration of the detected ion - to the mobility of anions and cations - to the size of the relative resistance - to the concentration of anions and cations - to the magnitude of relative electrical conductivity # Electrode that can be used to measure the redox potential: - hydrogenated + platinum - with silver chloride - calomel - graphite # In conductometric titration, the equivalence point is found using the following quantity: - the redox potential of the solution + relative electrical conductivity of the solution - pH value of the solution being determined - activity of ions in solution - EUUK of the solution being determined # The value of the potential of the reference electrode: - depends on the color of the solution + clear and constant - depends on the current - depends on metal concentration - depends on the pH of the environment # Entropy growth in the body is observed in the following process: + Self-paced processes - In processes that do not proceed by themselves - As the heat decreases - In endothermic processes - When the sign of enthalpy changes to the positive side # Entropy decrease in the organism is observed in the following process: - Processes that go by themselves + In processes that do not proceed by themselves - With heat output - In exothermic processes - When the sign of enthalpy changes to the negative side # Will have a negative value in self-exiting processes: - Entropy and temperature + Enthalpy and free energy - Entropy and bound energy - Pressure and volume - Internal energy # Complexon is - + Chelates are organic substances that form a cyclic complex - Inorganic substances forming a stable complex - An organic compound that forms a metal-organic complex - An inorganic substance forming a colored complex - Colorless complex-forming inorganic substance # Complexometry is based on the formation of..: + Chelate complex - Oxidized compound - Don't sink - Inorganic complex - Salt # Complexes include: + Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - Triethylamine - Diethylamine - Propylamine - Ethyleneaminohydroxosulfate # Complexes include: + Polyamine carboxylic acids - Monocarboxylic acids - Fatty acids - Bile liquid - Unsaturated polyacids # Trilon B is- + Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt - Formic acid - Trimethylamine - Trichloroacetic acid - Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid # Komplekson I + Nitriletriacetic acid - Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt - Trimethylamine - Trichloroacetic acid # Complexon II: + Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - Aminotriacetic acid - Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt - Trimethylamine - Trichloroacetic acid # Complexon III: - Aminotriacetic acid - Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid + Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt - Trimethylamine - Trichloroacetic acid # Metal ions combine with complexone III to form bonds - Two ions and one coordination - One ionic and one coordination + Two ionic and two coordination - One ionic and three coordination - Everything is coordinated # The following indicator is used in complexometry + Eriochrome black - Brilliant green - Bromthymol blue - Timolphthalein - Methyl red # In complexometry, metal ions combine with an indicator to form... + Red color - Blue color - Green color - Yellow color - Brown color # The complexometry method is used to determine... in 2 cases - Acid concentration + Ca2+ concentration in blood - Oxidant concentration - Concentration of reducing agent + Water hardness # The color of the solution at the equivalence point when determining water hardness + From red to blue - From blue to red - From yellow to red - From red to yellow - From black to green # To determine the hardness of water, complex measurement is carried out in the environment - Acidic - Neutral + Alkaline - Weakly acidic - Ammoniacal # When determining the hardness of water, complexonometry is conducted with the participation of what kind of buffer + Ammonia - Acetate - Phosphate - Bicarbonate - Hemoglobin # The hardness of water is related to the presence of the following ions: - Sodium and magnesium + Magnesium and calcium - Sodium and potassium - Potassium and calcium - Sodium and copper # Permanent hardness of water is related to the presence of calcium and magnesium salts: - Acetates - Phosphate + Chlorides - Bicarbonate - Oxalate # Temporary hardness of water is related to calcium and magnesium salts + Bicarbonate - Sulphated - Chlorine - Phosphate - Oxalate # Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of calcium and magnesium salts: - Bicarbonate - Phosphate - Acetate + Sulphated - Oxflat # The total hardness of water is related to the presence of calcium and magnesium salts: - Bicarbonate and sulfate - With all acids + Bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride - Chloride and sulfate - Bicarbonate, phosphate and silicate # If the hardness of the water... is considered too soft -up to + 4 mol/l - up to 4 ÷ 8 mol/l - up to 8 ÷ 12 mol/l - above 12 - up to 8 ÷ 2 mol/l # If the hardness of the water... is considered too hard - up to 8 ÷ 12 mol/l - up to 4 ÷ 8 mol/l - up to 4 mol/l + 12 above - up to 8 ÷ 2mol/l # If the hardness of the water... is considered medium soft. - up to 4 mol/l + 4 ÷ 8 mol/l - up to 8 ÷ 12mol/l - Above 12 - above 15 # Water is considered hard if its hardness... - up to 4 mol/l - up to 4 ÷ 8mol/l + 8 ÷ 12 mol/l - above 12 - above 15 # It is possible to determine the concentration of ions by the method of complexometry + Charge of desired value - Single charge - Dual charge - Triple charge - Five charges # Complexon III (Trilon B) binds toxic ions such as... in the body. - Calcium and sodium + Bismuth and palladium - Calcium and magnesium - Irridian and French - Sodium and potassium # The multiplication factor is a constant number and is equal to: - To increase the concentration of reaction products - To the product of the concentration of ions formed during the reaction + To the product of the concentration of ions that form a precipitate - To increase the concentration of initial substances - To the concentration of the product in the solution # A reaction is exothermic if: - Q and DH are negative - Q and DH are positive + Q is positive and DH is negative - Q is negative and DH is positive - The sum of Q and DH is positive # A reaction is endothermic if: - Q and DH are positive - Q is positive and DH is negative + Q is negative and DH is positive - Q and DH are negative - The sum of Q and DH is positive # Color of the solution when sodium acetate is dissolved in phenolphthalein distilled water: - Blue - Blonde + Raspberry color - Brown - Colorless # Color of solution when sodium acetate methyl orange is dissolved in distilled water: - Blue - Blonde - Raspberry color + Yellow - Colorless # The reagent that can show the presence of Al3+ ions is: + NaOH - HCl - BaCl2 - Na2CO3 - BaCO3 # The reagent that can show the presence of Sn2+ ions is: - BaCl2 + KOH - Na2CO3 - HCl - BaCO3 # Which of the aluminum compounds is used when the acidity of gastric juice increases: - Aluminum sulfate + Aluminum hydroxide - Aluminum oxide - Aluminum whetstone - Aluminum triacetate # Which of the aluminum compounds is used for water purification: + Aluminum sulfate - Aluminum hydroxide - Aluminum whetstone - Aluminum nitrate - Aluminum carbonate # Degree of dissociation with decreasing electrolyte concentration - Decreases + Increases - Did he change? - They stabilize - Destabilizes # Degree of electrolytic dissociation in extremely diluted solution: -a1 + a =1 - a =2 - a =5 # Under what circumstances does osmotic pressure occur at the boundary of solutions of different concentrations - When they interact + When there is a semiconductor barrier between them - When they don't interact - When solutions are heated - When the solutions are cooled # Osmosis is the phenomenon of passage through a … semiconductor barrier - Release of the solvent from the solution - Both solution and solvent + To the solution of pure solvent - of a substance dissolved in solvents - Solvent and solute # Composition of the hydrocarbonate buffer system: - NaH2PO4 + Na2HPO4 + NaHCO3 + H2CO3 - CH3COONa + CH3COOH - PrtCOONa + PrtCOOH - NH4CO3 + NH4OH # The mechanism of effect of OH- ions on the hydrocarbonate buffer system is reflected as follows: + H2CO3 + OH- = HCO3- + H2O - H2PO4- + OH- = HPO42- + H2O - NH4CO3 + OH- = NH4OH + CO3-2 - CH3COOH + OH- = CH3COO- + H2O - PrtCOOH + OH- = PrtCOO- + H2O # The buffer system that acts inside the cell is basically: - ammoniacal + phosphate - hydrocarbonate - with acetate - protein # The composition of the phosphate buffer system: - PrtCOONa + PrtCOOH - Na3RO4 + H3RO4 - CH3COONa + CH3COOH + NaH2PO4 + Na2HPO4 - NH4Cl + NH4OH # The mechanism of effect of OH- ions on the phosphate buffer system is reflected as follows: - Na3RO4 + OH- = H3RO4 + H2O + H2PO4- + OH- = HPO42- + H2O - NH4Cl + OH- = NH4OH + Cl- - CH3COOH + OH- = CH3COO- + H2O - PrtCOOH + OH- = PrtCOO- + H2O # The buffer system that affects all organs of the body is: - phosphated - ammoniacal - hydrocarbonate - with acetate + protein # Composition of the protein buffer system: - NaH2PO4 + Na2HPO4 - NaHCO3 + H2CO3 - CH3COONa + CH3COOH + PrtCOONa + PrtCOOH - NH4Cl + NH4OH # The mechanism of effect of OH- ions on the protein buffer system is reflected as follows: - H2PO4- + OH- = HPO42- + H2O - H2CO3 + OH- = HCO3- + H2O + PrtCOOH + OH- = PrtCOO- + H2O - CH3COOH + OH- = CH3COO- + H2O - NH4Cl + OH- = NH4OH + Cl- # According to their chemical nature, ligands can be in the following form: - cation - metal + polar neutral particle or acid residue - atom or molecule - radical or free atom # If a complex ion is positively charged, its name is: - anionic + cationic - neutral - aqua complex - acid complex # A particle that can act as a ligand in cationic complexes: - acid residue - hydroxide group - metal + neutral polar molecule - non-metallic # Particles that can form the outer sphere in cationic complexes: + acid residue or hydroxide group - metal - neutral polar particle - non-metallic - ammonium ion # Particles that can act as ligands in anionic complexes: + acid residue or hydroxide group -neutral polar molecule - metal -ammonium ion - non-metallic # Particles that can be located in the outer sphere of anionic complexes: - acid residue or hydroxide group + metal or ammonium ion - neutral polar molecule - non-metallic - Water molecule # Another name for ring complexes: - cationic - anionic - heterocyclic + chelates - complexes # The name of molecules that act as ligands in chelates: - water - ammonia - carbonyl group + complexons - inorganic molecules # Show the substance that belongs to the group of chelates: - aqua complex + chlorophyll - acid complex - amino complex - lead acetate # The name of the titrimetric analysis method used to determine water hardness: - argentometry + complexonometry - permanganometry - alkalimetry - iodometry # The name of the substance used as an indicator in complex ionometry: - thymolphthalein - phenolphthalein - methyl orange - methyl red + eriochrome black # The neutralization method is divided into 2 methods: - permanganateometry, chromatography + alkalimetry, acidimetry - odometry, chromatography - complexonometry, chelatometry - argentometry, permanganateometry # In the method of neutralization, the equivalent point is determined as follows: - from precipitation - due to a change in the color of the precipitate - from the color change of the working solution - from the breaking point of the titration curve + from changing the color of the indicator # The method used to determine the concentration of substances that give an acidic or alkaline environment in an aqueous solution: - oxidimetry - drowning - complexonometry + neutralization - argentometry # The name of the titrimetric method used to determine the concentration of HCl in gastric juice: - argentometry - permanganometry + alkalimetry - acidimetry - chromatography #The name of the oxidimetric method used to determine the amount of hydrogen peroxide: -alkalimetry -acidimetry - chromatography +permanganatometry - chromatography #The name of the working solution in the permanganatometry method: -potassium dichromate - iodine solution -calcium permanganate - sodium hydroxide solution +potassium permanganate # Moda acting as an indicator in the permanganatometry method: + working solution - methyl orange - methyl red - phenolphthalein - detectable solution # The peculiarity of the disproportionation reaction is that: - both oxidizing and reducing agents are present in the same molecule + one atom itself is both oxidizing and reducing - a cation of one molecule replaces a cation in another molecule - formation of a folk complex is observed - double salts are formed # In the following diseases, it belongs to the type of endemic disease: - aluminous + strontium rickets - berylliosis - anthracosis - Argyria # A buffer system that has a buffer capacity due to the bipolarity of its molecule is: - hydrocarbonate - phosphated - protein - protein + amino acid # The name of the buffer solution that maintains a constant pH value in urine: - with oxyhemoglobin - amino acid - protein + phosphate - hydrocarbonate # View of Van't Goff formula used to calculate osmotic pressure: - Posm=KRT - Posm=C2RT + Posm=CRT - Posm=iRT - Posm=VRT # Quantities used in the calculation of molal concentration: + mole amount of solute and mass of solvent - the amount of substance of the solute and the amount of substance of the solution - amount of substance and volume of solution - equivalent amount of substance and volume of solution - the volume of the substance and the volume of the solution # The name of the solutions that keep the pH value of the solution unchanged when a small amount of acid or base is added: - acids - basics - electrolytes + buffers - colloids # Buffer solution components can be: - a strong acid and its salt formed with a weak base - a strong acid and a salt of this acid with a strong base + a weak acid and a salt of this acid with a strong base - a weak acid and a salt of this acid with another weak acid - a strong base and a salt of this base with another weak base # Buffer solutions may contain: - two different salts of the same base + two different salts of a polybasic acid - two different salts of a monobasic acid - two pinches of salt - two mixed salts # Buffer solutions are the following mixtures: - a strong acid and a salt of this acid with a weak base - a strong acid and a salt of this acid with a strong base - a strong acid and its salt formed with a strong base + a weak acid and a salt of this acid with a weak base - a weak base and a salt of this base with a strong acid # According to the buffer action mechanism, under the influence of a small amount of a strong base or acid: - a weak acid is formed + an electrolyte weaker than the initial electrolyte is formed - a stronger electrolyte is formed than the initial electrolyte - a weak foundation is formed - a salt of a strong acid and a weak base is formed # The pH of buffer solutions is calculated based on the following author's equation: - Guldberg-Waage - Razumovsky + Genderson-Hasselbach - Gay-Lussac - Van't Goff # The formula for calculating the pH of buffer solutions is based on the following law: - the law of conservation of mass - the law of constancy of composition of chemical substances - the law of the ratio of small numbers + the law of mass action - the law of equivalents # The alkaline reserve of the blood is: - The amount of hydroxides in the blood + The amount of carbon dioxide bound in the form of HCO3- - The amount of strong acid in the blood - The amount of weak acid in the blood - The amount of salts in the blood that gives a neutral environment # When sodium hydroxide is added to a phosphate buffer, a substance is formed as a weak electrolyte: -phosphoric acid -potassium phosphate - hydrophosphate ion HPO42- - sodium phosphate + water # When hydrochloric acid is added to a phosphate buffer, a substance is formed as a weak electrolyte: - phosphoric acid - potassium phosphate + dihydrophosphate ion H2PO4- - sodium phosphate - water # The indicator used in practice to determine the buffer capacity of blood by acid is: - phenolphthalein - litmus + methyl orange - methyl red - thymolphthalein # Basically, the indicator used in practice to determine the buffer capacity of blood is: + phenolphthalein - litmus - thymolphthalein - methyl orange - methyl red # Equation of the ionic product of water: - pH = -lg[H+] - pOH= -lg[OH-] - pH + pOH = 14 + [H+]∙[OH-] = 10-14 - [H+] + [OH-] = 10-14 # In alkalosis, the pH in the organs of the body is shifted to the following direction: - acid formation - production of products + basicity increase - increased acidity - increased neutrality # In acidosis, the pH in the organs of the body is shifted to the following direction: - acid formation - production of products - increase in validity + increased acidity - increased neutrality # In the potentiometric titration method, the volume is determined as a function of the following quantity: + to the difference between the potentials of the determining and comparison electrodes - to the difference of electric conductivities of solutions and titrants - to the difference of resistances of solution and titrants - to the voltage difference - to the current difference # The potential of the indicator electrode depends on the following quantity: + to the active concentration of the detected ion - to the mobility of anions and cations - to the magnitude of the relative resistance - to the concentration of anions and cations - to the magnitude of relative electrical conductivity # Electrode that can be used to measure the redox potential: - hydrogenated + platinum - with silver chloride - calomel - graphite # In conductometric titration, the equivalent point is found based on the following quantity: - the redox potential of the solution + specific electrical conductivity of the solution - pH value of the solution being determined - activity of ions in solution - EUUK of the solution being determined # Potential of the reference electrode: - depends on the color of the solution + fixed and clear - depends on the current - depends on metal concentration - depends on the pH of the environment # In order for the surface of the metal immersed in its salt solution to be negatively charged, it.... must be: - intermediate metal - passive metal - chalcogen + active metal - rare metal # In order for the surface of a metal immersed in its salt solution to be positively charged, it must be: - alkali metal + passive - chalcogen - asset - alkaline earth metal # The function of a galvanic element is to transfer the following types of energy from one type to another: - heat to chemical - chemical to mechanical - mechanic to electrician - nuclear energy to chemical + chemical to electricity # The name of the quantity equal to the potential difference: - tension + electric power - chemical energy - nuclear energy - induction # The author of the formula for calculating the electrochemical potential: - Van't Goff - Guldberg-Waage + Nernst - Newton - Einstein # The scientist who first calculated the electrochemical potential for the Fe+3/Fe+2 redox system: - Van't Goff - Nernst + Peters - Watson - Feldman # According to the value of the standard redox potential, the following property of the system can be stated in advance: - the production of products - decomposition of substances - the position of the system + the direction of the redox process - the charge of the potential # Quantities that must be known to find specific electrical conductivity in practice: + resistance and pot constant - voltage and length of the conductor - amperage - the nature of the conductor and voltage - potential value # The quantity determined by Kohlrausch's law: - infinite relative electrical conductivity - initial molar electrical conductivity - degree of dissociation - dissociation constant + infinite molar electrical conductivity # The quantity based on the determination of physico-chemical factors by the method of conductometry: - amperage - potential - tension + electrical conductivity - EYUK # The potentiometric curve is constructed based on the following relationship: - Power from concentration - Voltage from solution volume + EUK from titrant volume - potential from titrant mass - electrical conductivity from titrant volume # The quantity to be measured when determining the concentration of solutions in potentiometric titration: + the pH of the solution - potentials - resistance - amount of current - amperage # Henry's law states that the solubility of gases depends on the following quantity: - temperature +pressure - the nature of substances - the presence of foreign substances - hydrogen indicator # Sechenov's law states that the solubility of gases depends on the following factor: - temperature - pressure - the nature of substances + the presence of foreign substances - hydrogen indicator # Van't-Hoff's law reflects the dependence of osmotic pressure on the following factor: - pressure - the nature of substances + substance concentration - the presence of foreign substances - hydrogen indicator # The main feature of the indicators of the neutralization method: - complex production - volatility - sinking + acidity or basicity - solubility in a polar solvent #I indicator phenolphthalein transition interval: - 3.1 ÷ 4.4 -5÷8 + 8 ÷ 10 - 4.4 ÷ 6.2 - 2.2 ÷ 3.4 # Transition interval of the indicator methyl orange: + 3.1 ÷ 4.4 -5÷8 - 8 ÷ 10 - 4.4 ÷ 6.2 - 2.2 ÷ 3.4 # Passing range of the indicator litmus: - 3.1 ÷ 4.4 +5÷8 - 8 ÷ -10 - 4.4 ÷ 6.2 - 2.2 ÷ 3.4 # Transition range of the indicator methyl red: - 3.1 ÷ 4.4 -5÷8 - 8 ÷ 10 + 4.4 ÷ 6.2 -2.2 ÷ 3.4 # In the titration with the alkalimetric method, there should be a medium at the equivalence point: - acidic - neutral + alkaline - salty - mixing #In titration by acidimetry method, there should be a solution at the equivalence point:: + acidic - neutral -alkaline - salty - mixing # The titer of the solution shows the following relationship: - amount of substance in 1 liter of solution - the equivalent amount of the substance in 1 liter of solution - the amount of substance in 1 kilogram of solution in grams - Amount of substance in 1000 mg solvent + Amount of substance in 1 milliliter of solution in grams # Acid-base indicators help to determine the equivalence point (EN) based on the following transformation: -In EN, they decompose and change color - In EN, their molecules disintegrate and form ions + In EN, molecules change from one color to another color in the form of ions or vice versa - EN- they fly away - In EN, they are the color of salt # In permanganatometry, the color of the solution changes at the equivalent point (EN) when determining the amount of iron in Mor salt: - from red to yellow - from colorless to blue + colorless to purple - purple to colorless - yellow to pink #A substance used in chelation therapy to remove bismuth ions from the body: - Complexon I - eriochrome black - thymolphthalein + trilon B - ethylene glycol # Another name for Urov's disease: - magnesium rickets + strontium rickets - calcific rickets - osteochondrosis - osteoparosis # When determining water hardness by complex ionometry method, it should be satisfied: - neutral - acidic + alkaline - weakly acidic - salty # The buffer system used to create an alkaline environment in the determination of water hardness in complex ionometry: + with ammonia - bicarbonate - phosphated - with acetate - amino acid # Cl2 + H2O= HCl + HClO belongs to which type of reaction: + Disproportionation - Intermolecular - Internal molecular - Synproportionation - Conproportionation # 2HgO = 2Hg + O2 is a type of reaction: - Intermolecular + Internal molecular - Synproportionation - Disproportionation - Conproportionation # PCl5 = PCl3 + Cl2 belongs to which type of reaction: - Inter-moecular + Intramolecular - Synproportionation - Disproportionation - Conproportionation # 2NO2 + H2O = HNO3+ HNO2 belongs to which type of reaction: + Disproportionation - Intermolecular - Intramolecular - Synproportionation - Conproportionation # MnCl4 = MnCl2 +Cl2 which type of reaction is included: + Intramolecular - Intermolecular - Synproportionation - disproportionation - Conproportionation # 3NaOCl= NaClO3 + 2NaCl belongs to which type of reaction: - Intermolecular - Intramolecular + Disproportionation - Synproportionation - Conproportionation # 2Ca +O2 = 2CaO belongs to which type of reaction: + Intermolecular - Intramolecular - Disproportionation - Synproportionation - Conproportionation # Ca + CuSO4 = Cu + CaSO4 which type of reaction is included: + Intermolecular - Intramolecular - Disproportionation - Synproportionation - Conproportionation # 2Ag2O = O2 + 4Ag is a type of reaction + Intramolecular - Intermolecular - Synproportionation - Disproportionation - Conproportionation # In a process that goes by itself: + Entropy increases and enthalpy decreases - Entropy decreases and energy increases - Entropy and enthalpy do not change - Enthalpy averages and entropy decreases - Enthalpy and entropy are equal to each other # Which state of the thermodynamic system corresponds to zero Gibbs energy: + To thermodynamic equilibrium - To move the balance to the side of the process rather than going by itself - To shift the balance to the side of the process of going by itself - To stop the thermodynamic process - To speed up the thermodynamic process # According to the law of equivalents: - Equal molar solutions react in equal volume - Solutions with equal masses react in equivalent proportions - Solutions of equal molality are affected in equal volume + Solutions of equal normality are affected in equal volume - Solutions of equal volumes are affected in equivalent proportions # Indicator used in alkalimetry: + Phenolphthalein - Methyl orange - Litmus - The working solution is an indicator - Methyl red # Indicator used in acidimetry: - Phenolphthalein + Methyl orange - Litmus - The working solution is an indicator - Thymolfthalein # Indicator used in oximetry: - phenolphthalein + the working solution is an indicator - methyl orange - litmus - potassium aluminum gallstone # The titrimetry method used to determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid: + Alkalimetry - Oxidometry - Drowning - Acidimetry - Chromatometry # Titrimetry method used to determine sodium carbonate concentration: - Oxidometry - Drowning + Acidimetry - Alkalimetry - Chromatometry # Titrimetry method used to determine ammonia concentration: - Oxidometry - Drowning - Alkalimetry + Acidimetry - Chromatometry # Which particles usually cannot be ligands: - Polar molecules - Neutral molecular - Anions + Cations - Non-metals #Electrochemistry is a part of physical chemistry that studies the transition of energy types to each other, more precisely: - Transition of chemical energy and nuclear energy to each other - Transfer of electrical and physical energies to each other - Interchange of physical and chemical energies + Transfer of chemical and electrical energies to each other - Transfer of all types of energy to each other # Molar electrical conductivity when the solution is diluted: - Tends to zero - Decreases - It won't change + Increases - First it decreases, then it increases # Ion mobility is the type of ion that corresponds to: - Solubility part - Relative electrical conductivity part + Molar electrical conductivity part - Relative resistance section - The piece de resistance # The molar electrical conductivity of a solution at infinite dilution is: - Mobility of cations - Mobility of anions + The sum of cation and anion mobilities - The difference between the mobility of cations and anions - Multiplication of cation and anion mobilities # Unit of measurement of ion mobility: - Mol/l∙s - Omg - M/s + Molar electrical conductivity unit - Relative electrical conductivity unit # Conductometric titration is based on the abrupt change of the following quantity during the titration: - Resistance + Relative electrical conductivity - Molar electrical conductivity - Electrochemical potential - Oxidation-reduction potential # The name of the potential difference formed at the boundary of two different metals: - Oxidation-reduction potential - Diffusion potential - Electrode potential + Contact potential - Membrane potential # The name of the potential difference between solutions of two different concentrations of the same electrolyte: - Oxidation-reduction potential + Diffusion potential - Electrode potential - Contact potential - Membrane potential # The name of the potential formed at the boundary between metal and solution: - Oxidation-reduction potential - Diffusion potential + Electrode potential - Contact potential - Membrane potential # Chemically active metals are charged as follows when placed in their salt solution: - Partially negative - Positive + Negative - neutral - Partially positive # Chemically passive metals are charged as follows when immersed in their salt solution: - Partially negative + Positive - Minus - neutral - Partially positive # The two fastest moving ions are: - Potassium and sulfate - Hydrogen and sodium + Hydrogen and hydroxide - Sodium and chlorine - Hydrogen and chlorine # The difference in oxidation-reduction potentials at different stages of metabolism is the source of the following quantity: - Neutrons + Energy - Electrons - Cations - Anions # The process of spontaneous transformation of the nucleus of one element into the nucleus of another element with the spread of radioactive radiation is called: - Artificial radioactivity + Natural radioactivity - Radiation - Disintegration - Scanning # Alpha particles are particles with the following properties: - Mass 1 and charge -1 - Mass 0 and charge -1 + Mass 4 and charge +2 - Mass 1 and charge 0 - Mass 4 and charge -1 # Beta particles are particles with the following properties: - Mass 1 and charge -1 + Mass 0 and charge -1 - Mass 4 and charge +2 - Mass 1 and charge 0 - Mass 4 and charge -1 # Positrons are particles with the following properties: - Mass 1 and charge -1 - Mass 0 and charge -1 - Mass 4 and charge +2 + Mass 0 and charge +1 - Mass 4 and charge -1 # Gamma particles are particles with the following properties: - Mass 1 and charge -1 - Mass 0 and charge -1 - Mass 4 and charge +2 + Mass 0 and charge 0 - Mass 4 and charge -1 # The most commonly used isotopes in positron emission tomography are: - Beryllium-5, potassium-40, strontium-85 + Fluorine-18, carbon-15, oxygen-18 - Technesium-99, iodine-131, uranium-238 - Strontium-84, barium-139, cadmium-115 - Uranium-238, thorium-237, lead-208 # Give the full name of the MRT: - Multi-resonance tomography - Meta-X-ray tomography + Magnetic resonance imaging - Magnetic X-ray tomography - Multi-reflex tomography # Give the full name of MSKT: - Magnetic-sensing computed tomography + Multispiral computed tomography - Magnetic spiral computed tomography - Meta-structural computed tomography - Multi-sensor tomography # The unit that shows the amount of decay of a radioactive substance in one second: + becquerel - refused - curie - zivert - X-ray # The name of radiation therapy carried out by implanting a radioactive isotope in the body at a minimal distance to the diseased organ: - Radiotherapy + Brachytherapy - X-ray therapy. - MSKT - PET # The name of the type of radiation that goes with the separation of electrons: - Positron emission - Alpha radiation + Beta radiation - Gamma radiation - X-ray radiation # Light diagnostic method that allows you to see the examined organs in a highly detailed section: - PET + MSKT - X-ray - UTD - CT # Spatial exposure distance of alpha radiation: - 500 cm - 500 m - 1000 m - 50 cm + 2-3 cm # Spatial exposure distance of beta radiation: - 500 cm - 500 m - 1000 m +200-300 cm - 2-3 cm # The time interval for a sample of radioactive isotope to decay by half of the amount taken: + half-life - the period of complete decay - half-life - half cycle period - half-life # The method of creating a computer image of the organs under the influence of magnetic and radio waves: + MRT - MSKT - CT - PET - UTD # The name of the process that goes with the separation of b+ particles: + Positron emission - Electron emission - Transmission - Natural radioactivity - Translocation # The name of the amount of adsorbed radiation equal to the amount of radiation absorbed by one gram of material, for example human body tissue: + gray - rem - zivert - give - k ÷ walk # The quantity displayed in the upper left corner of the symbol of the radioactive isotope: - Nuclear charge - Number of neutrons - Number of positrons + Atomic mass - Number of antiparticles # The quantity displayed in the lower left corner of the symbol of the radioactive isotope: + Nuclear charge - Number of neutrons - Number of positrons - Atomic mass - Number of antiparticles # Pathology observed under the influence of 100 times radioactive radiation on the body: + The production of white blood cells slows down - Hemoglobin decrease - Weakness, diarrhea - Infectious diseases - It leads to death # The condition observed when the whole body is exposed to 600 Ber and more radioactive rays: + Leads to death - Hair loss and diarrhea - Hemoglobin decrease - Infectious diseases - The production of white blood cells slows down # The amount of radiation is measured by which instrument: + Geiger counter. - Gulberg meter - Radiometer - Werner gauge - Radiometer # Spatial exposure distance of gamma radiation: + 500 cm - 500 m - 1000 m - 5 cm - 10 m # Unit of measurement of the amount of ionizing radiation absorbed by 1 kg of biological tissues equal to 100 bers: - refused. - rem. + sievert. - give - Curie. # Chemosorption is: + Absorption process with the formation of a chemical bond between the adsorbent and the adsorbent. - Adsorption starting on the surface of the adsorbent and spreading to the inner layers - A process that is not related to the spread of the ingested substance - A process that starts on the surface of the adsorbent and does not spread to the inner layer - The process of absorbing and returning to the surface of the adsorbent # Absorption is: - Absorption process with the formation of a chemical bond between the adsorbent and the adsorbent - Adsorption starting on the surface of the adsorbent and spreading to the inner layers - A process that is not related to the spread of the ingested substance - A process that starts on the surface of the adsorbent and does not spread to the inner layer + Changes in substance concentration on the surface of the adsorbent # The name of the reverse adsorption process: - absorption - chemosorption + desorption - sorption - reosorption # Surface energy depends on the following factors: + To the surface, - to the coefficient of surface tension - Pressure - To the nature of electrolytes - to the composition of the solution # The equation that calculates the amount of adsorption on the surface of the moving surface: + Gibbs - Freundlich - Langmuir - Panet-Faience - Guldberg # The equation that calculates the amount of adsorption on the surface of a stationary surface: - Gibbs - Stanford - Panet-Faience - Guldberg + Freundlich # Equation for calculating the amount of monomolecular adsorption: - Stanford + Langmuir - Gibbs - Panet-Faience - Guldberg # Quantities calculated using the Freinlich isotherm: - V and S - lgx/m + K and 1/n - lgC - lgx/m and lgC # The relationship studied in the Langmuir adsorption isotherm: + G to S - lg x/m to lgC - K to S - G to G - G to K # If the solute increases the surface tension of the solvent.... adsorption occurs: + negative - positive - selective - neutralizer - bird layered # If the solute lowers the surface tension of the solvent, adsorption occurs: -Minus + positive - selective - neutralizing - bird layered # If the surface tension is high when adsorption occurs on a solid surface: + the amount of adsorption is large - the amount of adsorption will be small - does not depend on the surface tension coefficient - the amount of adsorption approaches zero - surface activity will be low # Adsorbent is a substance that: + absorbs molecules or ions of another substance on its surface - dissolves other substances on its surface - evenly distributes other substances - decomposes other substances in its body - reduces surface tension # The Gibbs equation relates the amount of adsorption to the following quantity: - pressure + surface activity - degree of dispersion - coagulation - hydrophilicity # Hydrophilic surfaces: + gets wet with water - does not get wet with water - does not dissolve with organic solvent - does not absorb substances - soaked with an organic solvent # Hydrophobic surfaces: - wetted with water + does not get wet with water - does not dissolve with organic solvent - does not absorb substances - soaked with an organic solvent # Phenomenon observed in coagulation: - particle breakdown as a result of peptization - separation of particles as a result of repulsion + particle enlargement due to intermolecular forces of attraction - fragmentation of particles due to gravity - formation of colloidal particles # The substance that gives the smallest value of the coagulation threshold for silver iodide sol: - Na2SO4 - KCl - NaCl + AlCl3 - K2SO4 # The smallest concentration of electrolyte at the coagulation threshold leads to the following change: - hidden coagulation is observed after a certain time + after a certain time, clear coagulation is observed - light distribution is observed - stabilization of the colloidal solution is observed - peptization is observed # The factor affecting the coagulation properties of electrolytes: - the presence of an ion equal to the charge of the colloidal particle + the presence of an ion with an opposite charge to the charge of the colloidal particle - the presence of an ion equal to the charge of the colloidal particle - the presence of a micelle charge - the presence of an oppositely charged ion # The coagulation ability of the electrolyte is high if: - if the charge of the coagulant ion is large - if the charge of the coagulant ion is small - if the electrolyte concentration is small - if the charge of the anion is small - if the charge of the oppositely charged ion is small # Causes coagulation: + long-term dialysis - distribution of substance by electrolytic method - crushing of solvent molecules - dilution - increase concentration # Protection number is the amount of protective substance added to prevent the following process: - sedimentation + coagulation - dialysis - peptization - reaction # Name of colloidal solution of silver protected by gelatin: - aspirin + protargol - Norsulfazole - sulfadimezin - nootropil # Coagulation is: - Fragmentation of particles - Crushing of particles under the effect of a peptizer - Preventing the aggregation of particles + Enlarging of particles due to intermolecular forces of attraction - Enlargement of particles due to gravity # Colloidal dispersed systems have the following property of true solutions: + Brownian motion - Light distribution - Dissociation into ions - Heterogeneity - Having an electrolyte # Colloidal dispersed systems have the following property of true solutions: - Being an electrolyte + Osmotic pressure - Absorption of light - Dissociation into ions - Heterogeneity # Colloidal dispersed systems have the following property of true solutions: - Being an electrolyte + Diffusion - Absorption of light - Dissociation into ions - Heterogeneity # One of the specific properties that distinguish colloid-dispersed systems from real solutions is: - Solubility in water - Brownian motion - Presence of osmotic pressure - Diffusion + Spread the light # One of the specific properties that distinguish colloid-dispersed systems from real solutions is: - Solubility in water - Brownian motion - Presence of osmotic pressure - Diffusion + Tendency of molecules to aggregate # One of the specific properties that distinguish colloid-dispersed systems from real solutions is: - Solubility in water - Brownian motion - Presence of osmotic pressure - Diffusion + Its particles are visible in an electron microscope # The protein solution in water shows the properties of the following substances: - Electrolytes - Gels - Suspensions - Emulsions + Chin and colloidal solutions # The function of gelatin in silver sol, which is used as protargol in medicine: - Coagulability# Colloidal dispersed systems have the following property of true solutions: + Brownian motion - Light distribution - Dissociation into ions - Heterogeneity - Having an electrolyte # Colloidal dispersed systems have the following property of true solutions: - Being an electrolyte + Osmotic pressure - Absorption of light - Dissociation into ions - Heterogeneity # Colloidal dispersed systems have the following property of true solutions: - Being an electrolyte + Diffusion - Absorption of light - Dissociation into ions - Heterogeneity # One of the specific properties that distinguish colloid-dispersed systems from real solutions is: - Solubility in water - Brownian motion - Presence of osmotic pressure - Diffusion + Spread the light # One of the specific properties that distinguish colloid-dispersed systems from real solutions is: - Solubility in water - Brownian motion - Presence of osmotic pressure - Diffusion + Tendency of molecules to aggregate # One of the specific properties that distinguish colloid-dispersed systems from real solutions is: - Solubility in water - Brownian motion - Presence of osmotic pressure - Diffusion + Its particles are visible in an electron microscope # The protein solution in water shows the properties of the following substances: - Electrolytes - Gels - Suspensions - Emulsions + Chin and colloidal solutions # The function of gelatin in silver sol, which is used as protargol in medicine: - Coagulability - Emulsification + Protective tool - Sinker - Solute # Electrolyte with the lowest coagulation threshold when exposed to silver iodide sol stabilized with silver nitrate: - K2SO4 - Na2SO4 - KCl - NaCl + AlCl3 # Coagulation threshold is the smallest concentration of the affected electrolyte, under its influence the following process occurs: - Latent coagulation after a certain time + Clear coagulation after a certain time - Light distribution - Violation of stability of the solution - Discoloration of the solution # A factor related to the coagulative effect of electrolytes: - Having a charge equal to the charge of a colloid particle + Having a charge opposite to the charge of the colloid particle - Having the same charge as the charge of the colloidal particle - Be positively charged - Being negatively charged # The coagulating ability of an ion is high if: + If the coagulant ion has a large charge - If the charge of the coagulant ion is small - If the concentration of the electrolyte is small - The coagulant does not depend on the charge of the ion - If the electrolyte concentration is high # One of the factors that cause coagulation is: - Increase concentration + Prolonged dialysis - Dismemberment in an electric arc - Dispersion - Dilution # Protection number is the amount of protective substance in mg, which is intended to be poured into 10 ml of sol: - Protection from decomposition - Protection from sedimentation + Protection against coagulation - Protection from dialysis - Protection against peptization # The name of the invisible stage of coagulation: - Closed coagulation - Sedimentation - Coagulation threshold - Clear coagulation + Hidden coagulation # The name of the concentration that causes appreciable micelle formation: - Clear coagulation + Critical concentration of micelle formation (MCC) - Coagulation threshold - Colloid protection - Protection number # If the dispersed phase is a liquid, and the dispersed medium is a gas, the name of such a dispersed system is: + Aerosol - Suspension - Emulsion - Foam - Powder # If the dispersed phase is a solid, and the dispersed medium is a gas, the name of such a dispersed system is: - Smoke - Suspension - Emulsion - Foam + Aerosol # If the dispersed phase is liquid, and the dispersed medium is liquid, the name of such a dispersed system is: + Emulsion - Suspension - Do not mix - Foam - Powder # If the dispersed phase is solid, and the dispersed medium is liquid, the name of such a dispersed system is: + Suspension - Emulsion - Do not mix - Come - Powder # The dimensions of coarse-dispersed systems are as follows: - 10-7 ÷ 10-9 m - 10-6 ÷ 10-10 m + 10-4 ÷ 10-7 m - 10-2 ÷ 10-4 m - 10-1 ÷ 10-4 m # In an aerosol, the dispersed phase is in the following state: + Liquid - Gas - Even - Rough - Soft # In an aerosol, the dispersed medium is in the following state: + Gas - Liquid - Tough - Rough - Soft # In suspension, the dispersed medium is in the following state: - Gas + Liquid - Tough - Rough - Soft # In an emulsion, the dispersed medium is in the following state: - Gas + Liquid - Tough - Rough - Soft # Dispersed medium in the foam is in the following state: - Gas + Liquid - Tough - Rough - Soft # One of the special properties of solutions of high molecular compounds: - Brownian motion - Diffusion - High electrical conductivity + Viscosity - High boiling point # One of the special properties of solutions of high molecular compounds: - Brownian motion - Diffusion - High electrical conductivity + Gel production - High boiling point # One of the special properties of solutions of high molecular compounds: - Brownian motion - Diffusion - High electrical conductivity + Stuttering - High boiling point # Another name of the properties related to blood fluidity: + Rheological - Aerological - Myological - Theological - Geological # A substance that belongs to the group of colloidal surfactants: - Toluene - Benzene - Sodium salt of acetic acid - Ethyl alcohol + Sodium salt of stearic acid # The role of proteins in dissolving fats in the blood: - Coagulability + Protection - Sinker - Solute - Solubility # The protein solution in water shows the properties of the following substances: - Electrolytes - Gels - Suspensions - Emulsions + Chin and colloidal solutions # The purpose of adding proteins to a colloidal solution: + Protection - Dissolving - Dilution - Fragmentation - Convert to gel # The name of a carbon atom bonded to four different atoms or groups of atoms: - symmetrical - excited - chiral + asymmetric - neutral # The final oxidation product of secondary carbon is: + ketone - aldehyde - aldehyde alcohol - ketone alcohol - acid # Blood-sucking hormone in physiological stress: - tyrosine - phenylanine + adrenaline - diiotyrosine - serotonin # Name isoleucine CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH(NH2)-COOH by substitution nomenclature: - 3-methyl-4-methylaminopentanoic acid + 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid - 1-carboxy-2-amino-3-methylbutane - 2-aminoisohexanoic acid - aminoisohexanoic acid # Pyruvic acid CH3-C(O)-COOH belongs to the following class of organic substances: - complex ether - aldoketone + keto acid - aldoic acid - ketoaldehyde # Name the amino acid cysteine according to the HS-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH substituent nomenclature: - 1-thiol-2-aminocaproic acid - 1-thiol-2-amino-2-carboxy-ethane + 2-amino-3-thiopropanoic acid - 2-thiomethyl-2-amino-methane acid - 1-carboxy-2-amino-thiol-2-propane # Reason for the abnormally high boiling point of alcohols: - the presence of an oxy group + formation of hydrogen bonds - due to dissociation - well dissolved - to the calculation of sigma bonds # Sulfur-preserving analogues of alcohols and phenols: - sulfides - disulfides + mercaptans - broadcasts - thioethers # The name of R-C(O)-NH2 derivatives of carboxylic acids: - Azides - amines + amides - salts - amino compounds # The name of the derivative of the reaction of acetic acid and ethyl alcohol: - ordinary ether - hemiacetal + ethyl acetate - acetic acid ether - acetal # The name of the groups responsible for determining whether the substance belongs to a certain class and their properties: - alkynes - arenes + functional groups - alkanes -alkenes # Show neutral amino acid: - lysine + glycine - glutamine - asparagine - glutamic acid # Indicate which of the following amino acids does not have a chiral center: - alanine - cool + glycine - threonine - valine # The primary structure of proteins is their: - chemical properties + amino acid sequence - molecular mass - the number of amino acids - nature of amino acids # The main bond in the primary structure of a protein is: - ionic + peptide - covalent - donor-acceptor - hydrogen # Show what the tertiary structure of proteins is related to: - polypeptide chain formation - formation of oligomers + helixing of the polypeptide chain - amino acid sequence - formation of hydrogen bonds # The type of bond that does not participate in the tertiary structure of the protein: + donor-acceptor - hydrophobic - ionic - disulfide - amide # In denaturation, the preserved structure of the protein: + default - secondary - tertiary - impetuous - main # Show the amino acid containing the pyrrole nucleus: - histidine - tyrosine - phenylalanine + proline - tryptophan # Indicate which class of substances enzymes belong to according to their chemical nature: - carbohydrate - lipid - phospholipid + protein - a steroid # In the hydrolysis of normal proteins, there is a breakdown product: - glycoproteins - lipoproteins - nucleoproteins + amino acids - prosthetic groups # Indicate which group of proteins the transport protein hemoglobin belongs to: - simple + complex - lipidic - nucleoproteins - glycoproteins # The purpose of protein dialysis is to: - fractionation - separate the simple ones + purification from small molecular impurities - separation from prosthetic groups - separation from peptides # A monosaccharide that is part of nucleic acids: - glucose - galactose - fructose + deoxyribose - sucrose # According to the nature of the carbonyl group, one of the types of monosaccharides is: - ordinary ethers - complex ethers + aldoses - heteroethnic - Carboxylic # First monosaccharide synthesized from formaldehyde: - sucrose + glucose - lactose - maltose - erythrosis # Number of chirality centers in aldoghexose: - one - two - five + four - three # Indicate which hormone is involved in the synthesis of phenylalanine as a substrate: - Insulin - serotonin + adrenaline - irozin - oxytocin # Show the amino acid that has no optical property: - alanine - lysine - glutamine + glycine - cool # The number of amino acids involved in forming a tetrapeptide: - two - three + push - five - six # Show how the Edman reaction determines the structure of a protein: + default - secondary - tertiary - impetuous - main # Show the amount of milk sugar in women's milk: -1÷2 -2÷4 + 5.5 ÷ 8.5 - 4 ÷ 5.5 -3÷5 # Show non-sugary complex carbohydrates: - chitin, amylopectin - glycogen, amylose - kletchatka, amylopectin - starch, chitin + starch, glycogen, fiber # Show the disaccharide that produces two molecules of glucose on hydrolysis: - lactose + maltose - sucrose - galactose - cellobiose #Show the enzyme that hydrolyzes malt sugar: - amylase + maltase - oxidase - diastasis - oxidase # Name the disaccharide that hydrolyzes to form one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose: + lactose - maltose - sucrose - cellobiose - gallose # Alcohol in beeswax: - ethyl + myritsil - factor - setile - methyl # The number of the carbon atom where the amino group is present in most amino acids: - the first + the second - the third - the fourth - the fifth # Type of tautomerism observed in glucose solution: - keto-enol - lactim-lactam + folk-oxo - cis-trans - amino-imine # Irreplaceable acids necessary for the human body: - stearin, linoleic acid - palmitin, linoleic acid + linol, linolene - stearin, arachidon - olein, stearin # Normal lipids include: - lecithin - cephalin + wax - cholesterol - cholesteride # A lipid containing the diatomic alcohol sphingosine: - gangliosmd - phosphatidylserine - phosphatidylcholine + ceramide - acetalphosphatide # Nitrogen-containing component of lecithin: - colamine - cool + choline - threonine - sphingosine # Amino alcohol in phosphatidylethanolamine: + colamin - choline - cool - acetylcholine - inositol # Show 2 derivatives of para-aminobenzoic acid + Anesthesin + Novocaine - let him say - yes # The name of the heteroring on which barbituric acid is based: - Purine -Pyrrole - Furan - Pyridine +Pyrimidine # The name of the substance that adds basicity to the aliphatic chain in the arginine amino acid:: - Thiol - Imidazole + Guanosine - Pyrazole - Pyrazine # In the formation of the tertiary structure of nucleic acids, the histone protein is connected to DNA using which bond: - Hydrogen - Complex ether + Ionic - Glycoside - Covalent # Catecholamines and thyroxine are formed in the body from the following amino acid: + Tyrosine - Tryptophan - Lysine - Se rin - Methionine # A protein characterized by a high content of lysine and arginine amino acids: - Fibrins - Keratins - Albumins - Domains + Histones #Choose a set of enzymes with group specificity - Ratsemases, epimerases, isomerases - Lipases, esterases, glycosidases + Lipases, peptidases, glycosidases - Pepsin, trypsin, urease -Carboxylase, aminase, oxidase # Show the line that lists the heterofunctional properties of benzene: - Putrescine, cadaverine, colamine, choline + Salol, aspirin, novocaine, anesthesin - Acetylcholine, dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline - Pyrrole, thiophene, furan, histamine - Glycerin, ethylene glycol, sorbitol # Show the properties of paraaminophenol: + Phenetidine, phenacetin, paracetamol - Novocaine, anesthesin, folic acid - Etazol, sulfazine, sulfodimethoxine - Salol, aspirin, PASK - Sulfazine, etazol, norsulfazol # Show the properties of salicylic acid - Phenetidine, phenacetin, paracetamol - Novocaine, anesthesin, folic acid - Etazol, sulfazine, sulfodimethoxine + Salol, aspirin, PASK - Analgin, amidopyrin, antipyrin # Show the properties of sulfanilic acid: - Phenetidine, phenacetin, paracetamol - Novocaine, anesthesin, folic acid + Etazol, sulfazine, sulfodimethoxine - Salol, aspirin, PASK - Penicillin, tetracycline, naphthyzine # Show derivatives of paraaminobenzoic acid: - Phenetidine, phenacetin, paracetamol + Novocaine, anesthesin, folic acid - Etazol, sulfazine, sulfodimethoxine - Salol, aspirin, PASK - Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone, Cortisol # Show the nature of the amino alcohol colamine: - Cadaverine - Putressin + Choline - Cool - Alanine # A substance that belongs to the category of catecholamines: - Dihydroxyphenylalanine + Dopamine - Neyrin - Kholin - Colamine # Select hydroxy acid: - Pyruvic acid - Tryptophan - Acetoacetic acid + Malic acid - Amino acid # Intramolecular dehydration product of glutaric acid: - Glutaraldehyde + Glutaric anhydride - Glutamic acid - Ketoglutaric acid - 2-hydroxyglutaric acid # A substance resulting from the intermolecular union of two molecules of ethylene glycol: - Ethylene oxide - Acrolein + Dioxane - Crown air - 18-crown-6 # Substances included in the class of catecholamines: - Colamine, choline, acetylcholine + Dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline - Glycerin, ethylene glycol, sorbitol - Alanine, arginine, lysine - Putrescine, cadaverine, neurin # Amino alcohols include substances: + Colamine, choline, acetylcholine - Dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline - Glycerin, ethylene glycol, sorbitol - Alanine, arginine, lysine - Putrescine, cadaverine, neurin # Substances that are included in the group of polyatomic alcohols: - Colamine, choline, acetylcholine - Dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline + Glycerin, ethylene glycol, sorbitol - Alanine, arginine, lysine - Putrescine, cadaverine, neurin # Substances included in the group of hydroxy acids: - Colamine, choline, acetylcholine - Dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline + Lactate, malic acid, citrate - Alanine, arginine, lysine - Putrescine, cadaverine, neurin # The product of the intermolecular reaction of two molecules of alpha-amino acid: - Lactone - Lactam - Lactide +Diketopiperazine - Alcohol # Intramolecular deamination product of beta-amino acids: - Lactone - Lactam + Unsaturated acid - Diketopiperazine - Satisfy yourself # Intramolecular dehydration product of gamma amino acids: - Lactone + Lactam - Unsaturated acid - Diketopiperazine - Saturated acid # Intramolecular dehydration product of gamma hydroxy acids: + Lactone - Lactam - Unsaturated acid - Diketopiperazine - Saturated acid # Group of sulfonamides with bactericidal properties: - Heteronational radical - Amino group - Hydroxide group + Sulfoamide group - Sulfanyl group # The starting substance for the synthesis of catecholamines in the body: - Tryptophan + Phenylalanine - Tyrosine - Arginine - Lysine # The group that separates choline from colamin in the formula: - Number of hydrogens - Hydroxide groups - Amino groups - Carboxyl groups + Methyl groups # List the biologically important substances containing the pyrrole ring: - Tubazid, ftivazid, isoniazid + Indole, tryptophan, hemoglobin - Xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid - Theophylline, caffeine, hemoglobin - Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal # Show the heterocyclic compounds with bactericidal properties: - Indole, tryptophan - Xanthine, hypoxanthine - Theophylline, theobromine + Furacillin, furazolidone - Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine # Which of the substances is a derivative of thiophene: - Salal - Barbiturate acid + Biotin - Xanthine - Caffeine # Show pyrazole derivatives with biological effects: - Tubazid, ftivazid, isoniazid - Indole, tryptophan, hemoglobin + Analgin, amidopyrine, antipyrine - Aspirin, PASK, salal - Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal # Incorporation into nucleic acids containing imidazole # A substance that produces serotonin in the process of metabolism: - Phenylalanine - Arginine + Tryptophan - Histidine - Proline # Substances containing tetrapyrrole compounds include: - Folic acid, barbituric acid - Pyridoxalphosphate, pyridoxine - Furacillin, furazolidone + Hemoglobin, chlorophyll - Xanthine, hypoxanthine # In the formula of Analgin, indicate the group that distinguishes it from amidopyrine: - Hydroxide group - Phenyl radical - Methyl group + Sulfogroup - Dimethylamine group # Show the biologically active derivatives of pyridine: + Nicotinic acid, pyridoxal phosphate, promedol - Barbiturate acid, barbamil, phenobarbital - Indole, tryptophan, hemoglobin - Analgin, amidopyrin, antipyrin - Aspirin, PASK, salal # Show purine derivatives with biological effects: - Tubazid, ftivazid, isoniazid - Indole, tryptophan, hemoglobin - Analgin, amidopyrin, antipyrin + Xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid - Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal # Show the range of substances containing the imidazole ring with biological effects: + Histidine, histamine, cordiamine - Barbiturate acid, barbamil, phenobarbital - Indole, tryptophan, hemoglobin - Analgin, amidopyrin, antipyrin - Aspirin, PASK, salal # List the antimicrobial properties of oxyquinoline: - Tubazid, ftivazid - Promedol, anesthesin - Analgin, amidopyrine - Theophylline, theobromine + Nitroxoline, enteroseptol # Show the amino derivatives of purine: + Guanine, adenine - Pyridoxalphosphate, pyridoxine - Furacillin, furazolidone - Hemoglobin, chlorophyll - Xanthine, hypoxanthine # Show the disease caused by purine metabolism disorders: - Tuberculosis - Pneumonia + Gout - Rheumatism - Hypertension # List the methylated derivatives of xanthine that are alkaloids: - Tubazid, ftivazid, isoniazid - Indole, tryptophan, hemoglobin - Xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid + Theophylline, theobromine, caffeine - Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal # Show a pyrimidine derivative that induces sleep and has a psychotropic effect: - Tubazid - Folic acid - Ftivazide - Glutamic acid + Barbiturate acid # Show the derivative of pyridine that participates in the trans-addition reaction: - Pyridoxine - Pyridoxamine + Pyridoxalphosphate - Nicotinic acid - Barbituric acid # A substance known as vitamin PP as a derivative of pyridine, which -..: - Pyridoxine - Pyridoxamine - Pyridoxalphosphate + Nicotinic acid - Barbiturate acid # Show the properties of isonicotinic acid used in phthisiology: + Tubazid - Folic acid - Promedol - Glutamic acid - Barbiturate acid # In the formula of serotonin, show the group that separates it from tryptamine: - Methyl + Hydroxide - Carboxyl - Amino - Aldehyde # Depending on the number of carboxyl and amino groups, there are the following types of amino acids: - Aromatic + Neutral - Amphoteric - Aliphatic - Carbocyclic # Cysteine includes the following group: + thio - hydroxy - sure - amide - sulphide # Name the amino acid cysteine HSCH2CHNH2COOH according to systematic nomenclature: + 2-amino-3-thiopropanoic acid - 1-thio-2-aminocaproic acid - 1-thio-2-amino-2-carboxyethane - 2-thiomethyl-2-aminomethane acid - 1 carboxy-2 aminothiol-2-propane # According to their structure, natural amino acids belong to the following series: - D line - Chiral - After all + L-line - Racemate # The main way of biosynthesis of amino acids from oxo acids: - Return + Provision of trans - Food supply - Decarboxylation - Oxidation # Amino acid involved in methylation processes: - Lysine - Threonine + Methionine - Tyrosine - Alanine # Catecholamines and thyroxine are formed in the body from the following amino acid: + Tyrosine - Tryptophan - Lysine - Cool - Methionine # Amino acid that makes serotonin: - Tyrosine - Threonine + Tryptophan - Histidine - Oxyproline # Aliphatic amino acids include: - Oxyproline - Tyrosine + Glycine - Histidine - Tryptophan # Aromatic amino acids include: - Sistine - Methionine - Cysteine + Phenylalanine - Let him isolate # An amino acid that is part of the natural peptide glutathione: - Lecithin - Alanine - Phenylalanine + Glycine - Valin #Belonging to the irreplaceable amino acids in protein, it is...: - Cool - Glycine -Tyrosine + Valine - Lecithin # Cyclic amino acids that make up proteins include …..: - Glutamate - Threonine + Tyrosine - Leucine - Arginine # The main pathway of amino acid synthesis occurs in the process of transpiration: - intermolecular transport of thiogroups +intermolecular transport of amino groups - intermolecular transfer of methyl groups - intermolecular transfer of ethyl groups - intermolecular transport of phosphate groups # Type of reaction of formation of biogenic amines from amino acids: - deamination by oxidation - oxidation - transamination + decarboxylation - amidation # Amino acid that forms colamine during decarboxylation: + Cool - Glutamic acid - Tryptophan - Aspartic acid - Tyrosine # Alpha-amino acids necessary for histone proteins: - Cysteine, methionine - Tryptophan, proline + Lysine, arginine - Tyrosine, phenylalanine - Threonine, serine # The qualitative reaction to determine the presence of peptide bonds in proteins is as follows: - Pauli method - Trommer's method - Reaction with benzidine - Feling method + Biuret reaction # The product of the interaction of amino acids with phenylisocyanate: - DNFB derivative -FIT amine + FTG derivative - Acyl derivative - Aldehyde # Although the tertiary structure of proteins is present in the product part, the type of bond that does not participate: - disulfide + peptide - hydrophilic effect - ionic - complex ether # Reactions performed by the method of determining the primary structure of proteins: - calculation of the amount of gardens + isolation of amino acids in order of sequence - determination of the number of amino acids - analysis of combustion products - count the number of carboxyl groups in sequence order # Keratin is in high concentration from the following organs: - bones - uncle - joints - muscle + hair # Hemoglobin also participates in the following processes in the body: - in water-salt exchange - in the exchange of mineral salts - regulates the intensity of hydrolytic processes + transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide - neutralization of free radicals # The combination of CO2 released from the cells into the blood will be …..: + Stores H2CO3 with water in the blood - Free of CO2 added to hemoglobin - In the form of HCO3- added to hemoglobin - Contains CO32- added to hemoglobin - Gas absorbed into hemoglobin is CO2 free # Glycoproteins are complex proteins that contain …. group will also be: - phosphoric acid residue - gem + carbohydrates - lipids - metal ions # To the group of proteins that perform a protective function.... also includes: - fibrins + Immunoglobulins - albumins - actins - myoglobins # Specify the protein that performs the function of transport: + hemoglobin - γ- globulins -fibrinogen - fibrin - actin # A member whose protein content is 80% by weight of dry tissue: - stomach - bones + spleen - uncle - the brain # One of the main methods of separation and fractionation of a protein mixture: + salting - filtering - dialysis - renaissance - evaporation # The main type of separation and purification of proteins in chromatography: - capillary - gas + affine - liquid - gas-liquid # One of the methods of purifying proteins from low molecular weight compounds: - extraction - salting - denaturation + ultrafiltration - drowning # The highest level of the structure of a protein molecule: - primary + quaternary - complex - secondary - tertiary # Complex protein among those listed: -Albumin - Keratin + Chromoprotein - Fibrin - Histone # The most basic physical and chemical properties of proteins are: - adhesion, cohesion + viscosity, optical activity, dialysis - surface tension, surface energy - density, fluidity - washing, foaming # The name of parts of a protein with similar (repeated) amino acid sequence: - Fibrins - Keratins - Albumins + Domains - Histones # A protein characterized by a high content of lysine and arginine amino acids: - Fibrins - Keratins -Albumins - Domains + Histones # Range of molecular mass of proteins: + 6000 ÷ 1,000,000 Da - 1,000,000 ÷ 5,000,000 Da - 25,000 ÷ 1,000,000 Da - 6000 ÷ 1000 0 Da - 50,000 ÷ 2,000,000 Da # Methods of determining the molecular mass of proteins: - bulioscopic, cryometric - Gravimetric, sedimentary + Sedimentation, viscometric, gel-filtration - Conductometric, polarographic, amperometric - Colorimetric, potentiometric # Changes in the natural state of the protein molecule under the influence of various factors, it is: - Renativation + Denaturation - Coagulation - Sedimentation - Initiation # The name of the value of the pH medium at which the equality of + and - charges is observed in the protein molecule: - State of equilibrium + Isoelectric point - Equivalence point - Saturation level - Neutral point # One of the antimetabolites of nucleic bases is - : + 5-fluorouracil - 5-methyluracil - 5-methylcytosine - 6-aminopurine - 2-hydroxyaminopyrimidine # Pyrimidine bases in DNA: - uracil, thymine - adenine, guanine + thymine, cytosine - guanine, cytosine - adenine, thymine # Groups that form hydrogen bonds in a DNA molecule: - amino groups - carboxyl groups + amino and carbonyl groups of nucleic bases - amino acid and phosphoric acid - hydroxide of phosphoric acid and carbonyl groups of amino acid # Adenosine 5'-phosphate belongs to the following class of organic compounds: - Amino acid; - Carbohydrate; - Lipid; - Peptide; + Nucleotide # Find one of the RNA components: + pyrimidine base - mannose - pyridine base - pyrrolidine - deoxyribose # The shape of the spatial structure of DNA secondary structure: + double helix - alpha helix - left hand spiral - right hand spiral - b-structure # The primary structure of DNA is formed as a result of bonds: - peptide + phosphodiester - hydrogen - ionic - nonpolar covalent # The sequence of codons in transport RNA …… determines: + amino acids - purine bases - nucleoside triphosphates - nucleoside monophosphates - pyrimidine bases # Show that the complementarity of nitrogenous bases included in nucleic acids is correctly given: - A-G - S-T - U-G + A-T - A-F # Show one of the stages of transfer of genetic information: - DNA to glycoprotein - from protein to DNA. - DNA to protein + RNA to protein - from mitochondria to ribosomes # One of the main functions of nucleic acids: - participation in lipid synthesis - cofactor + storage of genetic information and transmission from generation to generation - allosteric modulator - interaction of organelles # One of the rare nucleosides in RNA: - cordycepin - N6-methyladenosine - N2-methylguanosine + pseudouridine - uritidine # Specify a purine base that is a minor base: - lecithin - dihydrouridine + 1-N-methylguanine - ribothymidine - uridin # One of the main types of RNA is: - lysosomal - mitochondrial + ribosomal - cytoplasmic - chromosome # One of Chargaff's rules characterizing the structure of DNA: +G=C -A+Y=C+T -A+C=Y+T -F=C -A+T=F+G # One of the nucleosides that make up DNA: - guanine - cytosine - thymine + adenosine - uridin # The form of formation of the tertiary structure of DNA: - double helix - α-spiral + chromatin and chromosomes - spiral turned to the right - b-structure # Chromatin and chromosomes are based on the following complex: - DNA + lipids + DNA + special protein structures - RNA + lipids - RNA + special protein structures - DNA + Carbohydrates # Transport RNA attaches an amino acid to itself in the following form: - A minoacylguanylate - Polypeptide - Dipeptide - Aminoacylphosphate complex + Aminoacyladenylate # First step of DNA replication: - Termination + Initiation - Elongation - Transcription - Broadcasting # Simple saponifiable lipids include: + waxes, oils, fats - waxes, phospholipids - fats, phospholipids - glycolipids, phospholipids - oils, phosphatides # Complex saponifiable lipids include: - waxes, oils - waxes, oils + phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids - fats, phospholipids - oils, phosphatides # Higher fatty acids included in saponifiable lipids: + monocarbon, unbranched - monocarbon, branched - dicarbon is not branched -dicarbon, branched -mono and dicarbon are unbranched # Configuration of unsaturated fatty acids in oils: - trans - a chair - gosh + sis - bath # The human body's need for essential fatty acids overnight: - 1g - 3g - 10g - 2g + 5g # The reaction in the first stage of absorption of saponifiable lipids is: - joining - oxidation - take a seat + hydrolysis - return # Triacylglyceride included in oils: - tristearin - tripalmitin -t riarachin - tripristin + triolein # There are 4 double bonds in the above acids: - linoleum - linolenic - olein - croton + arachidonic acid # There are 3 double bonds in the above acids: - linoleum - olein - arachidonic acid + linolenic - stearin # Trivial name for Phosphotidylcholine: - glycocol - inositol - sphingosine + lecithin - cephalin # Trivial name for phosphoatidylserine and phosphoatidylcolamines: - my aunt - inositol - lecithin - sphingosine + cephalin # Alcohol in beeswax: - ethyl + myritsil - factor - setile - methyl # Alcohol contained in spermacetate: - ethyl - factor + cetil - myritsil - propyl # The most common acids in subcutaneous fat cells... includes: + satiated - not saturated - dicarbon - oxyacids - ketoacids # Acids that are more common in liver oils: - satiated - oxyacids - ketoacids + unsaturated - dicarbon # Amino acid included in phospholipids: - colamine - inositol + cool - alanine - glycine # Amino alcohol included in lecithin phospholipid: - colamine + choline - inositol - cool - acetylcholine # Which of these triacetylglycerols is included in oils: - three stearin - three-palmitin - three arachin - three priotins + triple olein # The main function of triacylglycerols in the body: - defender - heat conductor - returner + energetic - solubility # List the essential acids for humans: - stearin, linolenic acid + linol, linolene. - olein, stearin - palmitin, linolenic - olein, arachidonic acid # Acids that reduce the concentration of cholesterol in the blood: - stearin, palmitin - stearin, olein - palmitin, linolein + linol, linolene - stearin, arachidonin # Main component of unsaponifiable animal lipids: - terpines + steroids - sterols - terpinoids - isoprenoids # Representative ring saturated terpenes: - Mirtsen - Squalene + Menthane - Methane - Pinen #Example of acyclic terpenes: - from me + geraniol - karan - pinan - camphor # Plant containing geraniol in essential oils: - chamomile - licorice - purple + rose - safsar #A terpene used in medicine as a respiratory reliever: + menthol - pinan - pinene - born - Koran # An example of a steroidal brikma: + Prednisolone - Tocopherol - Menaquinone - Phylloquinone - Retinol # An example of a process involving bile fluid: - amylase activation - absorption of glycerin + lipase activation - activation of anhydrase - lactose activation # The main part of cholesterol in the body is used as follows: - to the formation of chylomicrons + to the construction of biomembranes - bile fluid synthesis - to the formation of catecholamine - to retinol synthesis # The number of carbon atoms of the radical in the 17th atom of the cholesterol molecule: +8 -7 -5 -2 -0 # A hormone containing a sterane ring: - adrenaline + estradiol - oxytocin - vasopressin - propanetriol # The role of bile acids in the process of fat digestion: - activation of triglyceride hydrolysis + transferring neutral oils to emulsion - stop the hydrolysis of triglycerides - excretion of metabolic products - activation of pancreatic lipase # A substance that is included in the group of female sex hormones: - hydrocortisone + estradiol - aldosterone - corticosterone - testosterone # A substance included in the class of pregnane derivatives: - prolactin +cortocosterone - antidiuretic hormone - ergosterol - e stron # The number of the carbon atom holding the radical separating the main groups of steroids: -3 -5 - 11 - 15 + 17 # A substance formed from cholesterol: + Vitamin D3 - tocopherol - adrenaline - cortisol - Vitamin K #Substance called pregnancy hormone: +progesterone -oxytocin -estrone -estradiol - prednisone #A hormone belonging to the group of androgens: - estrone + testosterone - progesterone - corticosterone - hydrocortisone # A common ingredient in fat-soluble vitamins is: + isoprenoid chain - sterane molecule - sesquiterpene chain - naphthoquinone molecule - tocopherol molecule #A substance whose excess in body cells is associated with sterol metabolism disorders and causes a decrease in vascular elasticity: - caprostanol -cholestanol +cholesterol -glycohol -ergosterol # Substances similar in structure to glycosides of monosaccharides: - hemiacetals - complex ethers - carbonic acids + simple ethers - acetals # Which of the following sugars are ketoses: - glucose - galactose - sucrose + fructose - mannose # The configuration of glucose that is most abundant in an aqueous solution: - Alpha-glucopyranose + Beta-glucopyranose - Okso-shaped - Beta-glucofuranose - Alpha-glucofuranose # Environment in which glycosides are hydrolyzed: - Alkaline + Acidic - Neutral - Ammoniacal - Alcoholic # Monosaccharide that is part of AMF: - glucose - galactose - fructose - mannose + ribose # Medium for hydrolyzing simple esters of monosaccharides: - Alkaline + Acidic - Neutral - Not hydrolyzable - High temperature # A substance formed when monosaccharides are reduced: - disaccharide - ordinary ether - complex ether + aldite - polysaccharide # Group of monosaccharides oxidized in an alkaline environment: - primary alcohol and aldehyde - secondary alcohol and ketone - only secondary alcohol - only primary alcohol + only aldehyde # The oxidizable group of monosaccharides when exposed to strong oxidizing nitric acid: + primary alcohol and aldehyde - secondary alcohol and ketone - only secondary alcohol - only primary alcohol - only aldehyde #The oxidizable group of monosaccharides when exposed to weakly oxidizing bromine water: - primary alcohol and aldehyde -secondary alcohol and ketone - only secondary alcohol - only primary alcohol + only aldehyde # A group that can oxidize monosaccharides in an acidic environment while protecting the aldehyde group: - primary alcohol and aldehyde - secondary alcohol and ketone -only secondary alcohol + only primary alcohol - only aldehyde # Oxidation product of aldehyde group of aldoses - acid: + glycone - glycurone - glycar - keto acid - oxy-acid # The number of the carbon atom that determines whether glucose belongs to the D– series: - the first - Second - the third - the fourth + the fifth # Type of tautomerism characteristic of an aqueous solution of glucose G: - keto-enol - lactim-lactam + ring-oxo - cis-trans - anomerization # The name of the hydroxide group formed in monosaccharide cyclization: - alcohol + glycosidic - functional - furanose - pyranose # Number of stereoisomers of aldoghexoses: -2 -4 -8 - 12 + 16 # The reaction that distinguishes aldoses from ketoses is: - return + oxidation - dehydration - begish - looping # The name of a stereoisomer of monosaccharides that differs in the configuration of only one carbon atom: - Enantiomers + Epimers - Diastereomers - Anomers - Oligomers # The name of the stereoisomers that differ in the spatial direction of the hydroxide group formed during ringing of monosaccharides: - Enantiomers - Epimers - Diastereomers + Anomers - Oligomers # Disaccharide formed by enzymatic hydrolysis of starch and glycogen in the body: - sucrose + maltose - lactose - cellobiose - rose # Disaccharide in milk: - sucrose - maltose + lactose - cellobiose -mannose # A disaccharide that does not react positively with Trommer's reagent: - maltose + sucrose - lactose - cellobiose - milk sugar # Disaccharide from the hydrolysis of fructose: - maltose - cellobiose + sucrose - lactose - trihalose # The following disaccharides are not reducing disaccharides: - maltose - lactose - cellobiose + sucrose - fructose # When maltose is hydrolyzed by the enzyme maltase, it is a monosaccharide formed together with glucose: - fructose + glucose - sucrose - galactose - mannose # Polysaccharides derived from monosaccharide residues - heteropolysaccharides - proteoglycans - glycoproteins + homopolysaccharides - dextrans # Polysaccharides derived from residues of various types of monosaccharides + heteropolysaccharides - proteoglycans - glycoproteins - homopolysaccharides - dextrans # Homopolysaccharide of bacterial cell walls: - murein - glycogen - clechatka + dextran - amylopectin # 2 in the polysaccharides of bacterial cell walls: + chitin -glycogen - clechatka + murein -amylopectin # Heteropolysaccharide formed by mixed bonds with lipids in the cell walls of bacteria: + murein - glycogen - clechatka - chondroitin sulfate - amylopectin # Heparin is the following connective tissue heteropolysaccharide: - uncle - the brain + liver - kidney - joints # The monomer units of hyaluronic acid are: - N-acetyl - D-Galactosamine and glucuronic acid - N-acetyl - D-galactosamine and D-iduronic acid + N-acetyl - D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid - D-glucosamine, D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid - D-galactosamine, D-galgacturonic acid and L-iduronic acid # Monomer units added to the protein part of murein are: - N-acetyl - D-Galactosamine and glucuronic acid - N-acetyl - D-galactosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid + N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid - N-acetylglucosamine and L-iduronic acid - D-galactosamine, D-galgacturonic acid and L-iduronic acid # The monomer units of chondroitin sulfate are: + N-acetyl - D-Galactosamine and glucuronic acid - N-acetyl - D-galactosamine and D-iduronic acid - N-acetyl - D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid - D-glucosamine, D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid - D-galactosamine, D-galacturonic acid and L-iduronic acid # Monomer units of heparin: - N-acetyl - D-Galactosamine and glucuronic acid - N-acetyl - D-galactosamine and D-iduronic acid - N-acetyl - D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid + D-glucosamine, D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid - D-galactosamine, D-galgacturonic acid and L-iduronic acid # The part that distinguishes glycogen from starch (amylopectin): - Connection type - Type of monomer unit - Monosaccharide + The degree of branching of the chain - Chain branching # The part that distinguishes amylopectin from amylose: - Presence of hydrogen bond - Type of monomer unit - Monosaccharide - Biose fragment + Chain branching # The polysaccharide of insect shells is: - Pectin - Dextrin + Chitin - Cellulose - Murein # Dextrans are used in medicine for the following purposes: + blood substitutes - painkillers - hypotensive agents - in heart attacks - in kidney diseases # Animal starch is called: - Amylopectin - Amylose + Glycogen - Dextrin - Dextran # Disaccharide formed by the enzyme diastase during starch hydrolysis: - lactose - sucrose + maltose - cellobiose - tregallose # Endopeptidases include: + pepsin, trypsin - carboxypeptidase A - aminopeptidase - dipeptidase - lactase #Choose enzymes with absolute specificity: - Lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase - Hydrolase, peptidase +Urease, arginase -Lipase, esterase -Transferase, ligase # The type of reaction in which pyridoxal phosphate acted as a coenzyme is: + trans supply of amino acids - transmethylation of amino alcohols - methylation of amino acids - hydroxylation - oxidation - repetition # As a result of quaternary ammonium bases inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, the following substance accumulates in the muscles: - Kholin - Neyrin + Acetylcholine - Adrenaline - Cool # Show 2 answers that reflect the meaning of the Peters equation: + indicates the dependence of the redox potential on the concentration of the oxidized and reduced forms of the substance + is used to calculate the redox potential of the system - the electrode is used to calculate the potential - means that the potential depends on the metal concentration # Show 2 answers describing solutions: + consists of two or more components + homogeneous system - can have only two components - must have permanent content # Show 2 answers on the classification of electrodes: +indicator and comparison are divided into types +It is used to measure potentials -used to measure current - divided into acidic and basic types # Show 2 types of buffer solutions according to their composition: + Two types of salt of a polybasic acid - Weak base and weak acid - Strong base and strong acid + A weak base and a salt of this base with a strong acid # Show 2 answers that match the definition of Sechenov's law: + the solubility of gases is directly proportional to the concentration of the solute in the solution + the solubility of gases in solution is lower than the solubility in a pure solvent - the solubility of substances in a solution does not depend on the concentration - solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas # Indicate 2 factors on which the osmotic pressure of a solution depends: + solution concentration + temperature - pressure - the size of the solvent # Show the 2 relationships shown in Van't-Hoff's law: +osmotic pressure to solution concentration + osmotic pressure to temperature - the osmotic pressure of the container - osmotic pressure to membrane thickness # State the 2 laws used to describe the solubility of gases in liquids: + Henry + Sechenov - Raoul-Gibbs - Gibbs # Specify the 2 factors needed to calculate the buffer capacity: + equivalent amount of added acid or base + pH value before and after acid addition - the mass percentage of the added acid or base - 0.5 liters of buffer is calculated for the solution # Show 2 complex compounds in which the ligand is acidic in nature: + chlorocomplexes + cyanocomplexes - hydroxocomplexes - aqua complex # Show 2 answers that match the definition of Sechenov's law: + the solubility of gases is directly proportional to the concentration of the solute in the solution + the solubility of gases in solution is lower than the solubility in a pure solvent - the solubility of substances in a solution does not depend on the concentration - solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas # Indicate 2 factors on which the osmotic pressure of a solution depends: + solution concentration + temperature - pressure - the size of the solvent # Show the 2 relationships shown in Van't-Hoff's law: +osmotic pressure to solution concentration + osmotic pressure to temperature - the osmotic pressure of the container - osmotic pressure to membrane thickness # State the 2 laws used to describe the solubility of gases in liquids: + Henry + Sechenov - Raoul-Gibbs - Gibbs # Specify the 2 factors needed to calculate the buffer capacity: + equivalent amount of added acid or base + pH value before and after acid addition - the mass percentage of the added acid or base - 0.5 liters of buffer is calculated for the solution # Show 2 complex compounds in which the ligand is acidic in nature: + chlorocomplexes + cyanocomplexes - hydroxocomplexes - aqua complex # Show 2 answers to describe the buffer capacity: - Indicates the concentration of added acid or base without changing the pH value + one l buffer is calculated for the solution + the amount of added acid or base is indicated in moles - Shown in percentages # Show 2 intermediate substances formed from phenylalanine in the synthesis of adrenaline + Noradrenaline + Tyrosine - Diphenylalanine - With dopamine+choline # It takes place in the intermediate stages of the synthesis of adrenaline from phenylalanine show two different types of reactions + Enzymatic hydrolysis + Decarboxylation - alpha oxidation - N-acetylation # Show 2 compounds that are decarboxylated to form biogenic amines + Tryptophan + Histidine - Diphenylalanine - Proline # Show 2 types of heterofunctional compounds + Amino alcohols + Hemiacetals - Acids - Amens # State 2 peculiarities in the structure and properties of glycocol + From the group of amino acids + Contains proteins - Optical activity is partial - It belongs to the group of alcohols # Show 2 definitions of the formation of skatole or 3-methyl-indole in the body + Tryptophan is formed in one of the ways of metabolism + It is formed by the action of bacteria in the human intestine - Heteroauxin is formed as an intermediate - It is formed as a result of dehydration of heteroauxin # Show 2 properties characteristic of the structure of malic acid + There are 2 carboxyl groups + Consists of four main carbon atoms - Carbon atoms sp hybridized - Main chain consists of 5 carbon atoms # Show 2 products of hydrolysis of the ATF molecule + Adenine + Ribose - Sulfuric acid - Acetamide # Show 2 products of hydrolysis of the GTF molecule + Guanine + Ribose - Nitric acid - Guanidine # List the 2 types of bonds that stabilize the tertiary structure of a protein + Ether bridges + Hydrophobic adhesion - Amin bridges - Amide bond # Show the 2 types of bonds involved in the tertiary structure of a protein + Hydrogen bond + Salt bridges - Metal connection - Amide bond # Show 2 compounds of steroid nature + Prednisolone + Glycolic acid - Siferol - Sterol # Show the 2 structural units of the complex lipid lecithin + Trihydric alcohol glycerol + High molecular weight carbonic acid - Nitrate group - Amino alcohol glycol # Show the 2 structural units of the complex lipid cholaminkephalin + Trihydric alcohol glycerol + High molecular weight carbonic acid - Sulfate group - Ethanolthiol # Show 2 structural units of the complex lipid serinekephalin + Trihydric alcohol glycerol + High molecular weight carbonic acid - Sulfate group - 5-thio-4-hydroxy-propanoic acid # Show 2 groups of sphingolipids + Ceramides + Cerebrosides - Gliosides - Lecithins # Show 2 commonalities in the structure of nucleic bases + Heterocyclic compounds + Has an aromatic property - Keeps a sulfur atom in its ring - Protects oxo- or amino- group # Show 2 answers that correctly describe the structure of colamine + a derivative of ethane + is among amino alcohols - has two hydroxy groups - has one double bond # Show 2 answers that reflect the structure of lactic acid + has three carbon atoms + belongs to the group of secondary alcohols - belongs to the group of hydroxy thiols - has two carbonyl groups # Show 2 compounds of steroid nature + Prednisolone + Glycolic acid - Siferol - Sterol # Show the 2 structural units of the complex lipid lecithin + Trihydric alcohol glycerol + High molecular weight carbonic acid - Nitrate group - Amino alcohol glycol # Show the 2 structural units of the complex lipid cholaminkephalin + Trihydric alcohol glycerol + High molecular weight carbonic acid - Sulfate group - Ethanolthiol # Show 2 structural units of the complex lipid serinekephalin + Trihydric alcohol glycerol + High molecular weight carbonic acid - Sulfate group - 5-thio-4-hydroxy-propanoic acid # Show 2 answers that describe the heat of fusion - is calculated for the dissolution reaction of the +substance in the solvent in the amount necessary for complete solvation of the molecules + is calculated for 1 mole of solute + can be both negative and positive - calculated for a substance dissolved in one liter of solvent # Show 2 groups of sphingolipids + Ceramides + Cerebrosides - Gliosides - Lecithins # Show 2 commonalities in the structure of nucleic bases + Heterocyclic compounds + Has an aromatic property - Keeps a sulfur atom in its ring - Protects oxo- or amino- group # Show 2 answers that correctly describe the structure of colamine + a derivative of ethane + is among amino alcohols - has two hydroxy groups - has one double bond # Show 2 answers that reflect the structure of lactic acid + has three carbon atoms + belongs to the group of secondary alcohols - belongs to the group of hydroxy thiols - has two carbonyl groups # Describe 3 different thermodynamic processes: - isothermal - goes at variable temperature + isobaric - goes at constant pressure + isochoric - goes at a constant volume + isothermal - goes at a constant temperature - isobaric - goes at variable pressure - isotonic - goes in variable volume # List 3 factors that affect the solubility of gases in liquids: - degree of dispersion + the nature of the solvent + temperature - electrostatic attraction forces + the nature of the gas - ionic strength # List 3 factors that decrease the solubility of gases in liquids: - pressure increase + pressure reduction + the presence of foreign substances - temperature drop + increase in temperature - formation of an ionic bond # List 3 factors that affect the solubility of gases in liquids: - degree of dispersion + the nature of the solvent + temperature - electrostatic attraction forces + the nature of the gas - ionic strength # List 3 factors that decrease the solubility of gases in liquids: - pressure increase + pressure reduction + the presence of foreign substances - temperature drop + increase in temperature - formation of an ionic bond # List 3 symptoms of Casson's disease + It is observed when there is a sharp transition from high pressure to normal pressure + It is related to accumulation of nitrogen in the blood + Capillaries burst due to nitrogen bubbles - It is observed when there is a sharp transition from low pressure to normal pressure - It is related to accumulation of oxygen in the blood - It is related to the production of excess acid in the blood # Show 3 definitions of hemolysis: + is observed when a hypotonic solution is injected into the blood + solvent molecules pass from the outside into the cell - the osmotic pressure inside the cell is lower than the external pressure - observed when a hypertonic solution is injected into the blood + the cell bursts - the osmotic pressure inside the cell is equal to the external pressure # Show 3 definitions of plasmolysis: - the osmotic pressure inside the cell is higher than the external pressure + the osmotic pressure inside the cell is lower than the external pressure + water molecules pass out of the cell wall - observed when a hypotonic solution is injected into the blood + is observed when a hypertonic solution is injected into the blood - observed when an isotonic solution is poured into the blood # Show the Gibbs energy (DG) for different processes: - d G = 0 is a process that does not proceed by itself + dG = 0 – a state of thermodynamic equilibrium + dG > 0 is a n

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